Wikipedia hawiki https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babban_shafi MediaWiki 1.39.0-wmf.22 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Gadget Gadget talk Gadget definition Gadget definition talk 0 6203 162960 162866 2022-08-01T17:46:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban. Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka lmoazzlbhv9gcgx6t3dk42424t4j0ab 162961 162960 2022-08-01T17:48:13Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka s8z612dgfzchtq4g2utvx6kjpo6ssmz 162962 162961 2022-08-01T17:48:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin. Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka am7a9l4w1k2095wynfkeqh50229p73q 162963 162962 2022-08-01T17:50:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar garin; Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 08604615pug2q3orzwz170szqjeeic6 162976 162963 2022-08-01T21:12:07Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 6jbcvwcac0p0z7bqttp0cea8p6azbch 162977 162976 2022-08-01T21:13:20Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 3o0ydkq05q5sgeo3eg070914xo5ix5l 162978 162977 2022-08-01T21:14:07Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka fh67ir2cy2ep1c5dz4n3ctk35pmar2b 162979 162978 2022-08-01T21:15:32Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin. Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka snfela78azr9tkmshzwqq0stiv2pdxg 162980 162979 2022-08-01T21:16:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka dj7zld8rd1upct8i3t57dw148aant45 162981 162980 2022-08-01T21:22:35Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya. Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 5vupqsm5r9uil7j2sg1jmyqb4gaam2c 162982 162981 2022-08-01T21:23:08Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref> Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 73kq4166vj3p0o2fxwccogaxe9ueof6 162983 162982 2022-08-01T21:23:26Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Babban birnin jihar ita ce [[Yola (birni)|Yola]]. Wasu daga cikin dattijan Jihar sun hada da: [[Atiku Abubakar]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 7ki1fxbusuatarhdr16rnd24cqcg204 162984 162983 2022-08-01T21:27:26Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 0if6bvah0dbk4qv371mafre8068ugnd 162985 162984 2022-08-01T21:30:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka nhprvkj7lbc0hzpe6t8at5xtgtiwh2m 162986 162985 2022-08-01T21:30:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 59r07xnmouhy28xbh4eqim4rtxfshfc 162987 162986 2022-08-01T21:32:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ml5g6frwsng067ticwo68fnbjhjewmq 162988 162987 2022-08-01T21:33:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka pbkwjm92ga6c74ql42z6htoxougoazk 162989 162988 2022-08-01T21:36:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 950j0g60o2ii9b181t7f1yi9wfwjbvc 162990 162989 2022-08-01T21:39:50Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka jm4u3fovjwvhm7ynigo8zzyy4g9ofuu 162991 162990 2022-08-01T21:40:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka grgu2vqtnnxwb9bjf5yi2xpfvgufxkg 162992 162991 2022-08-01T21:42:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka d5cyhpijtsguxda1hxpbks1ct2b63en 162994 162992 2022-08-01T21:44:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 698ajd5akomrs7ld4v1g4tewxbdackf 162995 162994 2022-08-01T21:45:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka k2zntzpigvbph3gkuiza1cxrimzshg1 162996 162995 2022-08-01T21:46:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka jzv6m12gngmcm2x6ppub6ujbt0ut28o 162997 162996 2022-08-01T21:47:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka bsk9o6pswft1pgtg8asw9fdqhzxvww9 162998 162997 2022-08-01T21:48:43Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 2ezg18k1gstb7jiimq2bjb40c5k269l 162999 162998 2022-08-01T21:50:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya]]. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka nwnbinvwenh88py2rqudztmm6ne08j2 163000 162999 2022-08-01T21:51:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 75y9ccavjnsny5yiqo978kbxb68wnuv 163001 163000 2022-08-01T21:52:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaban kasar. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 201mirozqawdeqt8e8o0ktbvqqi2tgp 163002 163001 2022-08-01T21:53:21Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka mea4dcn9cyjlgn7iwl2xvfc6zz185u3 163003 163002 2022-08-01T21:53:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 246hojoud6xzqf6yvllyrez76e2nto7 163004 163003 2022-08-01T21:54:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka l5sjn64tu7u3uz04e9sxbvobxddfu29 163005 163004 2022-08-01T21:55:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka qbiaha300stpvyytjd8p5xvrr1p9mip 163006 163005 2022-08-01T21:55:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka kum1fcuoxa0xq62wnzqfnp3pklni2or 163007 163006 2022-08-01T21:56:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 1hfhpyopxypbyj1k474okt2sramvygr 163008 163007 2022-08-01T21:57:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka itcmsk6dd1wgc8rrcb0fq9ewq2xfw6g 163009 163008 2022-08-01T21:57:35Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya, == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka qoxfnh46lqsti7o9xdo6cnfx17dyscq 163010 163009 2022-08-01T21:58:22Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka er1azxe4f68axkvgc874hm55pqvjqws 163011 163010 2022-08-01T21:59:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 00pbn4hkjx53tebclbdpi0km7iwg144 163012 163011 2022-08-01T21:59:41Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka cj5h5a6dmrygajjvubcqa9p2er1nf32 163013 163012 2022-08-01T22:01:06Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 2394g0dn7znwcleg057cu33z6emx9wg 163014 163013 2022-08-01T22:01:46Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 3txche0krfz9my35g5g8vghvw5i1imv 163015 163014 2022-08-01T22:03:02Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 5wve60fxevy1duaqvjrflor7rws4fny 163016 163015 2022-08-01T22:03:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka iptvy5yo9ojjx8t8pi0gj8tl62m5agq 163017 163016 2022-08-01T22:05:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da rafuka a gefensu. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka p6m2hnxkuxsyouim72o13943bsc94x0 163018 163017 2022-08-01T22:05:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da rafuka a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka pgix5hxvjpjtq56n76wqcih7osemfgu 163019 163018 2022-08-01T22:06:47Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka tati77ji1jr290wtxjog2cuy4h4ujyv 163020 163019 2022-08-01T22:08:30Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Adamawa == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka qyusj3mh715dr48q5kpou5v78bejxv6 163021 163020 2022-08-01T22:09:06Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka t7r145pq3mso11shkolr42r6qv16dsw 163022 163021 2022-08-01T22:09:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka kc7980jh6ip6g4sha0g0s1sumihmpef 163023 163022 2022-08-01T22:10:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Labarin kasa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka p6ruzu4gps2pmwbu8zmkhfyzvjy6lw6 163024 163023 2022-08-01T22:11:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 9p3in8mn5z82mxldp0x6ex0ki27swmu 163025 163024 2022-08-01T22:12:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 9q3uf5h0wt2tm0bsnd368eokc9i9tji 163026 163025 2022-08-01T22:13:13Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka nbwdt0osp1vgmzmlkhroi6k4f1su228 163027 163026 2022-08-01T22:14:21Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 4ztjcvoxzsfm4296k2slf5ilsifdzen 163028 163027 2022-08-01T22:16:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara]], [[Doya]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]], [[Dawa]] da [[Shinkafa]]. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 8b3y7uovd78h15mur9e3sjwt2bgyjyt 163029 163028 2022-08-01T22:18:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka hnesge6vjfb1liut1zxdyt8nuhiz8on 163030 163029 2022-08-01T22:20:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka k66fmnoseedh50w654ku68inh01zp0q 163031 163030 2022-08-01T22:20:44Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka fukw6srwi1chfff1z2qz1e5czkl0zvc 163032 163031 2022-08-01T22:21:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka his9aj8kgyilt19idcmm6p7dkpomybr 163033 163032 2022-08-01T22:24:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 26zw3do6pv397omvgadhi61afg3n5r9 163035 163033 2022-08-01T22:26:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka spfb4mflqr3lrwhrr4702a5t9v1497e 163037 163035 2022-08-01T22:30:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka o3lifqhy98k7qx137lsg0e7fs007ih1 163038 163037 2022-08-01T22:30:50Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 7by5klvtgzwfhfdokqgg0ed0vpth2td 163039 163038 2022-08-01T22:31:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tattalin arziki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka j4othx1ouv6e3466rhzuszf1h3agf7x 163040 163039 2022-08-01T22:31:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 21k2g1lybdteaznj7y1mqn7g75ooijm 163049 163040 2022-08-02T05:57:47Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka cn1x7cpsqo741xy2en3ysvjiz635zs2 163050 163049 2022-08-02T05:59:17Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 6009cg2bikacl5hc1nbkt008m1s5xad 163051 163050 2022-08-02T05:59:35Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka la8iu412jhjimh2zrgpfo0zyn2tel64 163052 163051 2022-08-02T06:00:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ahk0wk47ledlr4vdr32ube6o3gfmrtt 163053 163052 2022-08-02T06:00:56Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da Lamido, == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 82jku95r0glsbr7lh7ldytrlrc09k97 163054 163053 2022-08-02T06:01:29Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da ''Lamido'', == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka kbvg7hp72qyv14u9za4uwfg9yuh90re 163055 163054 2022-08-02T06:03:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka a7kktdyf0glftr9n2l5r9x43op5ffwm 163056 163055 2022-08-02T06:04:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ropm5vmzd1t332cxgjzjtuejasqi7b3 163057 163056 2022-08-02T06:06:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi, == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka l70ud13u58x5d5qexczw4onywse7up3 163058 163057 2022-08-02T06:07:16Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka enbdzv5o315cbmsnnkrad1ugstrcn4g 163059 163058 2022-08-02T06:07:45Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church). == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka nxamsx6zitc647oq7mg68o7hrbqdep3 163060 163059 2022-08-02T06:08:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 95ou083itgx814dmmacageog31bg78a 163061 163060 2022-08-02T06:09:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ffoc2yvu08se4ha17c71pcw06bf97gt 163062 163061 2022-08-02T06:11:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka j9x357vjw8y8n1johiniuwnc75883qo 163063 163062 2022-08-02T06:12:13Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ksksmztr34ry494lj0k8lp22k5z4n6h 163064 163063 2022-08-02T06:12:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 7rkn7s1nc8cqdpw78vbdv7bfn4j8soh 163065 163064 2022-08-02T06:14:41Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ox235svuaqbrh17gss8v77yt1lful2n 163066 163065 2022-08-02T06:15:00Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 1qi3xulqjrrjx362dd4n1dvetqo28zq 163067 163066 2022-08-02T06:15:21Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Addinai */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka c4ddvnkkq9qu1bd3832sr80byda1t5u 163068 163067 2022-08-02T06:17:07Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka e6lwgb1m34y6crf2qo6fkbsurndwbxg 163069 163068 2022-08-02T06:32:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ssj2uujl8hmblbujkfl4k6c8fwzxyjq 163070 163069 2022-08-02T06:33:50Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (Lamido da harshen Fillanci). == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ahgev8xf7mn48zyf9tq0y7kifik86xt 163071 163070 2022-08-02T06:34:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ho8wmqkzdcbup6sr1vnsypgbkxrrha4 163072 163071 2022-08-02T06:36:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka h4jkio2j4sou0qytmacvrbo0it0kqzo 163073 163072 2022-08-02T06:37:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 2pkfr1jd45a57ynk2bvouaoturowavy 163074 163073 2022-08-02T06:38:08Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka i5y6mlch4o9sa7zaji1egxwlxq75c3e 163075 163074 2022-08-02T06:40:20Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka lsbneo32jqc703illjulky0d2vd2v7z 163076 163075 2022-08-02T06:41:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 08nobwsqbl2nsbonavj5dka8g7uwkxa 163077 163076 2022-08-02T06:42:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka c0dwati0qr5fpk3mmpz6tslffznyz6r 163078 163077 2022-08-02T06:43:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 5jvtca30nxegead8wtosapejmaiwttg 163079 163078 2022-08-02T06:44:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka qkvnnffx78v5h7ys9eonpecaqdk3f9i 163080 163079 2022-08-02T06:45:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya) == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka izk3fpp291s3sspl7ewxiqdhittxhhb 163081 163080 2022-08-02T06:46:47Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 76qzk7lq1jmb9zjq77gydpew3k5c2k7 163082 163081 2022-08-02T06:48:42Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 5ilitmrs1yndf7yp04rkff7ng5iwlhp 163083 163082 2022-08-02T06:49:01Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka gwsljhcg7211yx4e3rwxazs57ypctcx 163084 163083 2022-08-02T06:49:21Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Tarihi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka mnvnpcxr2xzhdvokxn3gs56crjg76zw 163085 163084 2022-08-02T06:51:58Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Sarakunan Adamawa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru ben Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka jrfuha3cyjl67ysrgegx7tpbv2zji06 163086 163085 2022-08-02T06:52:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Sarakunan Adamawa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka o4g8daxii0wiqqh26cj37h353gdxret 163091 163086 2022-08-02T07:00:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Sarakunan Adamawa */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 27oa09gahz2c4wa189ytwbhn73zcjuf 163092 163091 2022-08-02T07:01:12Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 34bboijvf526zke0zjtqla6yqz7i5gc 163093 163092 2022-08-02T07:02:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]] == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ftn66t3s37vj6ymms7lq3eenqs1afwz 163094 163093 2022-08-02T07:03:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka b7a1ah753u4p27if1h789fwfpdys3lj 163095 163094 2022-08-02T07:05:06Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihar Adamawa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka i7ias1kn4q9s4xch875uye5vnw57wyy 163096 163095 2022-08-02T07:05:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka cvpbgev5u13qw1tp8ccfmvl1z7bv145 163097 163096 2022-08-02T07:06:57Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka kefsokay0k0hyd8827no1igyor03imu 163098 163097 2022-08-02T07:07:31Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 51h2kfo2x7uxuahc9zpyjzka09u5051 163099 163098 2022-08-02T07:08:09Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka m5wjexbwm8wqyawremcxphgu3btw6t0 163100 163099 2022-08-02T07:09:10Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 2mds1vpjiyn47va6xwikey199sehbj2 163101 163100 2022-08-02T07:09:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka mcvflxqoy67nup3kis80a1cz0zlh1bo 163102 163101 2022-08-02T07:10:20Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 1o402qxmdfl3gy04wkrxmnqwglqnwne 163103 163102 2022-08-02T07:11:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a jihar Adamawa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 4dnfr6codstqsk4mdsetpv513b36eby 163104 163103 2022-08-02T07:11:36Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 8fwfb91r9hb9dmat1gfsadrkr2j4liq 163105 163104 2022-08-02T07:12:25Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 6i50nlwtbytmf7ntapqj7syzho7dnw8 163106 163105 2022-08-02T07:13:17Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka ilyvaik6fjff6uq08736f48bmw0b3jv 163107 163106 2022-08-02T07:14:10Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 9n5z8u0tzzknzpto11hprhgpp9azjbd 163108 163107 2022-08-02T07:14:47Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka cymkya2ef6cej8nk3ai3vr7uec4csfk 163109 163108 2022-08-02T07:15:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref>"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka snp6t7vi02m1rp7tn3fzmywo7k1odfj 163110 163109 2022-08-02T07:16:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka nfiljk9c7zz6gvlw8mznixzw46gxz2z 163111 163110 2022-08-02T07:18:19Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta farar hula da dama. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 4oagecwkx7t8wczqwakoso3pclphrpl 163112 163111 2022-08-02T07:18:50Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka q02tgakvyhxkvdlb8coa1dhi1iwiyda 163113 163112 2022-08-02T07:19:06Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka j57ayaei48ajg1k7ssjh7t6zeu4cals 163114 163113 2022-08-02T07:19:20Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Rikicin Boko Haram */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka k1rgu5wr0k67xb5failtwlt8x8yasvs 163116 163114 2022-08-02T07:20:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 3hlplojo38ws1vt8ru85smrey177b2h 163117 163116 2022-08-02T07:20:26Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Adamawa State Polytechnic]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Adamawa State University]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[American University of Nigeria]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal Polytechnic, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Modibbo Adama Federal University of Technology, Yola|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 8sd725d9jixlkxxavczrqkk3l1dsx2h 163119 163117 2022-08-02T07:21:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Adamawa State University]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[American University of Nigeria]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal Polytechnic, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Modibbo Adama Federal University of Technology, Yola|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka 9kwltfallq2kfojg22jmo651wfrn1pr 163123 163119 2022-08-02T07:26:21Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[American University of Nigeria]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal Polytechnic, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Modibbo Adama Federal University of Technology, Yola|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka rm08ci6lwqe39cqxl01mg0n00kzf2uz 163130 163123 2022-08-02T07:58:24Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka k3lj6pb6aohz41teexoqkdghx5cux55 163137 163130 2022-08-02T08:02:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wasu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 74ephtw8w36k3tr2ffvq15dgt9gjzlp 163138 163137 2022-08-02T08:03:37Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Ilimi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == kkei9xypmxeaexksccii82kdx3eybc4 163139 163138 2022-08-02T08:04:06Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wuraren Bude Idanu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] World Heritage Site * Lamido's Palace * [[American University of Nigeria]] * Kamale Mountain Peak in [[Michika]] * Three Sisters Rock in Song * Kwandree Cold water spot in Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * The confluence of Rivers [[Benue River|Benue]] and [[Gongola River|Gongola]] in Numan Uba under [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == fp9t1n0dgnlthtaoptc5t7icva59tx6 163140 163139 2022-08-02T08:04:49Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wuraren Bude Idanu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Lamido's Palace * [[American University of Nigeria]] * Kamale Mountain Peak in [[Michika]] * Three Sisters Rock in Song * Kwandree Cold water spot in Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * The confluence of Rivers [[Benue River|Benue]] and [[Gongola River|Gongola]] in Numan Uba under [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == t2nmoubdcsd5ih6w3zx1ij3zaaik8cv 163141 163140 2022-08-02T08:05:07Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wuraren Bude Idanu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria]] * Kamale Mountain Peak in [[Michika]] * Three Sisters Rock in Song * Kwandree Cold water spot in Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * The confluence of Rivers [[Benue River|Benue]] and [[Gongola River|Gongola]] in Numan Uba under [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == cblg1k7b9yxr6m11vw6v37h7zlibg2e 163142 163141 2022-08-02T08:06:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wuraren Bude Idanu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Three Sisters Rock in Song * Kwandree Cold water spot in Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * The confluence of Rivers [[Benue River|Benue]] and [[Gongola River|Gongola]] in Numan Uba under [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 124hcntbdknf0cpn3qwjyl0qxcr16uu 163144 163142 2022-08-02T08:10:54Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wuraren Bude Idanu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 3j83dsfamxvnewc46xzdthuaw3ewaou 163146 163144 2022-08-02T08:11:42Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wuraren Bude Idanu */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == cmhtjeenai7gh9ufy8d0z4j8d09etif 163147 163146 2022-08-02T08:12:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] * [[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi North]] * [[Mubi South]] * [[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song, Nigeria|Song]] * [[Toungo, Nigeria|Toungo]] * [[Yola North]] (State capital) * [[Yola South]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 6jdch8ashl0jmaenfykw5usiha5lv0l 163148 163147 2022-08-02T08:12:40Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] * [[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi North]] * [[Mubi South]] * [[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song, Nigeria|Song]] * [[Toungo, Nigeria|Toungo]] * [[Yola North]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola South]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == gsgth16yn2fc8qnrbrvvgc2t5c4rpvl 163149 163148 2022-08-02T08:14:39Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] * [[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta kudu]] * [[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song, Nigeria|Song]] * [[Toungo, Nigeria|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 2x17pip7qrfuv158tcgn6cajbxzk2e0 163150 163149 2022-08-02T08:15:22Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] * [[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan, Nigeria|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song, Nigeria|Song]] * [[Toungo, Nigeria|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 52dwkm2g5n9ugaaxayzcmqmk6qyep1r 163151 163150 2022-08-02T08:16:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong, Nigeria|Hong]] * [[Jada, Nigeria|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song, Nigeria|Song]] * [[Toungo, Nigeria|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 65w98686axgnn8jl2fycn5l49dfynt4 163154 163151 2022-08-02T08:20:04Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada, (Nijeriya|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song, Nigeria|Song]] * [[Toungo, Nigeria|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == eoecvbp1wdoyo0yb8w1ok05novgauek 163155 163154 2022-08-02T08:20:32Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song, Nigeria|Song]] * [[Toungo, Nigeria|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == ahwbeo73hvfpjezj5a0d38q7h7fkmkm 163157 163155 2022-08-02T08:21:11Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya|Song]] * [[Toungo, Nigeria|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == kxflg1cqclhftidy27a3utu18m85kq7 163158 163157 2022-08-02T08:21:53Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo, Nigeria|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == opnhmcabg5p9x2qpaihlacdrhf02mnh 163159 163158 2022-08-02T08:22:26Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk, Nigeria|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 993omahv0hp489trwv7mn3nn0erohu6 163160 163159 2022-08-02T08:22:59Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuka (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == btpvejqlm0cz055tgehpdcae38uoxbg 163162 163160 2022-08-02T08:23:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Kananan Hukumomi */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin na Adamawa, wanda ya tashi a Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya ; Yanzu * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya ; Tarihi : * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == pak3yum1hmwt3q9d0ae08gd0omto72e 163165 163162 2022-08-02T08:27:41Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 6wmvs932v6mx1mb5lly7xkzj7h5c544 163166 163165 2022-08-02T08:28:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Harsuna == == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == inpknjcer7z87cjqw04oitg3sbpml3c 163167 163166 2022-08-02T08:29:15Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Harsuna == A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye: == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 7nhornuptpfpyx1a00azub1azfl7z43 163168 163167 2022-08-02T08:29:27Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Harsuna */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Harsuna == A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye: {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Demsa ||[[Bacama language|fulfulde]]; Bali; Bata; Bille; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Waka |- | Fufore || [[fulfulde]]; |- | Ganye ||[[Fulfulde]], Gaa; Koma; Mumuye; Peere; [[Daka language|Chamba Daka]] |- | Girei || fulfulde |- | Gombi || fulfulde ; [[Bura language|Bura-Pabir]]; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Hwana; [[Lala-Roba language|Lala-Roba]]; Mboi; [[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]]; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Guduniya ||[[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]] |- | Guyuk || Bacama; Bena; Dera; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; [[Longuda people|Longuda]]; Voro |- | Hong || Boga; [[Nggwahyi language|Nggwahyi]]; Ngwaba; Nya Huba; Mafa, Kamwe |- | Jada || Fulfulde, Chamba ,Igbo |- | Lamurde || [[Fulfulde]], Kwa; [[Bambuka language|Kyak]]; Bacama; [[Dadiya language|Dadiya]]; [[Dikaka language|Dikaka]]; Dza; Jiba; Tso |- | Madagali || Fulfulde; Marghi ;Mafa |- | Maiha || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Mayo Belwa || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Michika || Kamwe, [[Gvoko language|Gvoko]]; Hide; Hya; [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]]; [[Lamang language|Lamang]]; [[Margi language|Marghi Central]]; Mafa; [[Margi South language|Marghi South]]; Putai; [[Vemgo-Mabas language|Vemgo-Mabas]]; Waja |- | Mubi || [[Fulfulde]], Kamwe Daba; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Mafa; Gude; [[Kirya-Konzəl language|Kirya-Konzel]]; Marghi Central; Marghi South; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Mubi North || Fali, Fulfulde ; Kamwe Hya; [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] |- | Mubi South || Gude,Igbo |- | Numan || Bachama; Bali; [[Jen language|Dza]]; [[Kpasam language|Kpasham]]; Kwa; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Mumuye; Waka; Kaan |- | Shelleng || Kaan; [[Hwana language|Hwana]]; Mbula-Bwazza,Igbo |- | Song || Bata; Bena; Ga'anda; Gudu; Hwana; Kaan; [[Kofa language|Kofa]]; Mboi; Mbula-Bwazza; Voro,Igbo |- | Toungo || Jibu,Igbo |- | Yola || [[Fulfulde]], Igbo |- | Yola North || [[fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Yola South || [[Fulfulde]], Vere, |} == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 7riy03d518u7m7zxo7s1lqg29dhj4jd 163169 163168 2022-08-02T08:30:23Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Harsuna == A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye: {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Demsa ||[[Bacama language|fulfulde]]; Bali; Bata; Bille; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Waka |- | Fufore || [[fulfulde]]; |- | Ganye ||[[Fulfulde]], Gaa; Koma; Mumuye; Peere; [[Daka language|Chamba Daka]] |- | Girei || fulfulde |- | Gombi || fulfulde ; [[Bura language|Bura-Pabir]]; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Hwana; [[Lala-Roba language|Lala-Roba]]; Mboi; [[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]]; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Guduniya ||[[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]] |- | Guyuk || Bacama; Bena; Dera; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; [[Longuda people|Longuda]]; Voro |- | Hong || Boga; [[Nggwahyi language|Nggwahyi]]; Ngwaba; Nya Huba; Mafa, Kamwe |- | Jada || Fulfulde, Chamba ,Igbo |- | Lamurde || [[Fulfulde]], Kwa; [[Bambuka language|Kyak]]; Bacama; [[Dadiya language|Dadiya]]; [[Dikaka language|Dikaka]]; Dza; Jiba; Tso |- | Madagali || Fulfulde; Marghi ;Mafa |- | Maiha || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Mayo Belwa || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Michika || Kamwe, [[Gvoko language|Gvoko]]; Hide; Hya; [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]]; [[Lamang language|Lamang]]; [[Margi language|Marghi Central]]; Mafa; [[Margi South language|Marghi South]]; Putai; [[Vemgo-Mabas language|Vemgo-Mabas]]; Waja |- | Mubi || [[Fulfulde]], Kamwe Daba; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Mafa; Gude; [[Kirya-Konzəl language|Kirya-Konzel]]; Marghi Central; Marghi South; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Mubi North || Fali, Fulfulde ; Kamwe Hya; [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] |- | Mubi South || Gude,Igbo |- | Numan || Bachama; Bali; [[Jen language|Dza]]; [[Kpasam language|Kpasham]]; Kwa; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Mumuye; Waka; Kaan |- | Shelleng || Kaan; [[Hwana language|Hwana]]; Mbula-Bwazza,Igbo |- | Song || Bata; Bena; Ga'anda; Gudu; Hwana; Kaan; [[Kofa language|Kofa]]; Mboi; Mbula-Bwazza; Voro,Igbo |- | Toungo || Jibu,Igbo |- | Yola || [[Fulfulde]], Igbo |- | Yola North || [[fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Yola South || [[Fulfulde]], Vere, |} == Gwamnati == == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == q1md5gntfy9wvo0e750f9xl2vvhtkww 163170 163169 2022-08-02T08:32:13Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Harsuna == A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye: {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Demsa ||[[Bacama language|fulfulde]]; Bali; Bata; Bille; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Waka |- | Fufore || [[fulfulde]]; |- | Ganye ||[[Fulfulde]], Gaa; Koma; Mumuye; Peere; [[Daka language|Chamba Daka]] |- | Girei || fulfulde |- | Gombi || fulfulde ; [[Bura language|Bura-Pabir]]; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Hwana; [[Lala-Roba language|Lala-Roba]]; Mboi; [[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]]; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Guduniya ||[[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]] |- | Guyuk || Bacama; Bena; Dera; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; [[Longuda people|Longuda]]; Voro |- | Hong || Boga; [[Nggwahyi language|Nggwahyi]]; Ngwaba; Nya Huba; Mafa, Kamwe |- | Jada || Fulfulde, Chamba ,Igbo |- | Lamurde || [[Fulfulde]], Kwa; [[Bambuka language|Kyak]]; Bacama; [[Dadiya language|Dadiya]]; [[Dikaka language|Dikaka]]; Dza; Jiba; Tso |- | Madagali || Fulfulde; Marghi ;Mafa |- | Maiha || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Mayo Belwa || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Michika || Kamwe, [[Gvoko language|Gvoko]]; Hide; Hya; [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]]; [[Lamang language|Lamang]]; [[Margi language|Marghi Central]]; Mafa; [[Margi South language|Marghi South]]; Putai; [[Vemgo-Mabas language|Vemgo-Mabas]]; Waja |- | Mubi || [[Fulfulde]], Kamwe Daba; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Mafa; Gude; [[Kirya-Konzəl language|Kirya-Konzel]]; Marghi Central; Marghi South; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Mubi North || Fali, Fulfulde ; Kamwe Hya; [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] |- | Mubi South || Gude,Igbo |- | Numan || Bachama; Bali; [[Jen language|Dza]]; [[Kpasam language|Kpasham]]; Kwa; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Mumuye; Waka; Kaan |- | Shelleng || Kaan; [[Hwana language|Hwana]]; Mbula-Bwazza,Igbo |- | Song || Bata; Bena; Ga'anda; Gudu; Hwana; Kaan; [[Kofa language|Kofa]]; Mboi; Mbula-Bwazza; Voro,Igbo |- | Toungo || Jibu,Igbo |- | Yola || [[Fulfulde]], Igbo |- | Yola North || [[fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Yola South || [[Fulfulde]], Vere, |} == Gwamnati == Gwamantin Jihar Adamawa ke da alhakin zartarwa da gudanarwa a jihar, a Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar, dake Birnin Yola. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == rwzpurxy8fjcx37ghneqeos6pz99i2g 163171 163170 2022-08-02T08:32:38Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Harsuna == A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye: {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Demsa ||[[Bacama language|fulfulde]]; Bali; Bata; Bille; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Waka |- | Fufore || [[fulfulde]]; |- | Ganye ||[[Fulfulde]], Gaa; Koma; Mumuye; Peere; [[Daka language|Chamba Daka]] |- | Girei || fulfulde |- | Gombi || fulfulde ; [[Bura language|Bura-Pabir]]; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Hwana; [[Lala-Roba language|Lala-Roba]]; Mboi; [[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]]; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Guduniya ||[[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]] |- | Guyuk || Bacama; Bena; Dera; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; [[Longuda people|Longuda]]; Voro |- | Hong || Boga; [[Nggwahyi language|Nggwahyi]]; Ngwaba; Nya Huba; Mafa, Kamwe |- | Jada || Fulfulde, Chamba ,Igbo |- | Lamurde || [[Fulfulde]], Kwa; [[Bambuka language|Kyak]]; Bacama; [[Dadiya language|Dadiya]]; [[Dikaka language|Dikaka]]; Dza; Jiba; Tso |- | Madagali || Fulfulde; Marghi ;Mafa |- | Maiha || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Mayo Belwa || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Michika || Kamwe, [[Gvoko language|Gvoko]]; Hide; Hya; [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]]; [[Lamang language|Lamang]]; [[Margi language|Marghi Central]]; Mafa; [[Margi South language|Marghi South]]; Putai; [[Vemgo-Mabas language|Vemgo-Mabas]]; Waja |- | Mubi || [[Fulfulde]], Kamwe Daba; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Mafa; Gude; [[Kirya-Konzəl language|Kirya-Konzel]]; Marghi Central; Marghi South; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Mubi North || Fali, Fulfulde ; Kamwe Hya; [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] |- | Mubi South || Gude,Igbo |- | Numan || Bachama; Bali; [[Jen language|Dza]]; [[Kpasam language|Kpasham]]; Kwa; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Mumuye; Waka; Kaan |- | Shelleng || Kaan; [[Hwana language|Hwana]]; Mbula-Bwazza,Igbo |- | Song || Bata; Bena; Ga'anda; Gudu; Hwana; Kaan; [[Kofa language|Kofa]]; Mboi; Mbula-Bwazza; Voro,Igbo |- | Toungo || Jibu,Igbo |- | Yola || [[Fulfulde]], Igbo |- | Yola North || [[fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Yola South || [[Fulfulde]], Vere, |} == Gwamnati == Gwamantin Jihar Adamawa ke da alhakin zartarwa da gudanarwa a jihar, a Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar, dake [[Yola|Birnin Yola]]. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 663p32mrjpl5l0348y9ghhus791b7ex 163173 163171 2022-08-02T08:34:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Harsuna == A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye: {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Demsa ||[[Bacama language|fulfulde]]; Bali; Bata; Bille; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Waka |- | Fufore || [[fulfulde]]; |- | Ganye ||[[Fulfulde]], Gaa; Koma; Mumuye; Peere; [[Daka language|Chamba Daka]] |- | Girei || fulfulde |- | Gombi || fulfulde ; [[Bura language|Bura-Pabir]]; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Hwana; [[Lala-Roba language|Lala-Roba]]; Mboi; [[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]]; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Guduniya ||[[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]] |- | Guyuk || Bacama; Bena; Dera; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; [[Longuda people|Longuda]]; Voro |- | Hong || Boga; [[Nggwahyi language|Nggwahyi]]; Ngwaba; Nya Huba; Mafa, Kamwe |- | Jada || Fulfulde, Chamba ,Igbo |- | Lamurde || [[Fulfulde]], Kwa; [[Bambuka language|Kyak]]; Bacama; [[Dadiya language|Dadiya]]; [[Dikaka language|Dikaka]]; Dza; Jiba; Tso |- | Madagali || Fulfulde; Marghi ;Mafa |- | Maiha || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Mayo Belwa || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Michika || Kamwe, [[Gvoko language|Gvoko]]; Hide; Hya; [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]]; [[Lamang language|Lamang]]; [[Margi language|Marghi Central]]; Mafa; [[Margi South language|Marghi South]]; Putai; [[Vemgo-Mabas language|Vemgo-Mabas]]; Waja |- | Mubi || [[Fulfulde]], Kamwe Daba; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Mafa; Gude; [[Kirya-Konzəl language|Kirya-Konzel]]; Marghi Central; Marghi South; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Mubi North || Fali, Fulfulde ; Kamwe Hya; [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] |- | Mubi South || Gude,Igbo |- | Numan || Bachama; Bali; [[Jen language|Dza]]; [[Kpasam language|Kpasham]]; Kwa; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Mumuye; Waka; Kaan |- | Shelleng || Kaan; [[Hwana language|Hwana]]; Mbula-Bwazza,Igbo |- | Song || Bata; Bena; Ga'anda; Gudu; Hwana; Kaan; [[Kofa language|Kofa]]; Mboi; Mbula-Bwazza; Voro,Igbo |- | Toungo || Jibu,Igbo |- | Yola || [[Fulfulde]], Igbo |- | Yola North || [[fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Yola South || [[Fulfulde]], Vere, |} == Gwamnati == Gwamantin Jihar Adamawa ke da alhakin zartarwa da gudanarwa a jihar, a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Adamawa|Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Adamawa]], dake [[Yola|Birnin Yola]]. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == iauf9tu2uk3kdy55rw6mlk9829ocz5y 163176 163173 2022-08-02T08:38:03Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Harsuna == A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye: {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Demsa ||[[Bacama language|fulfulde]]; Bali; Bata; Bille; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Waka |- | Fufore || [[fulfulde]]; |- | Ganye ||[[Fulfulde]], Gaa; Koma; Mumuye; Peere; [[Daka language|Chamba Daka]] |- | Girei || fulfulde |- | Gombi || fulfulde ; [[Bura language|Bura-Pabir]]; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Hwana; [[Lala-Roba language|Lala-Roba]]; Mboi; [[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]]; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Guduniya ||[[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]] |- | Guyuk || Bacama; Bena; Dera; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; [[Longuda people|Longuda]]; Voro |- | Hong || Boga; [[Nggwahyi language|Nggwahyi]]; Ngwaba; Nya Huba; Mafa, Kamwe |- | Jada || Fulfulde, Chamba ,Igbo |- | Lamurde || [[Fulfulde]], Kwa; [[Bambuka language|Kyak]]; Bacama; [[Dadiya language|Dadiya]]; [[Dikaka language|Dikaka]]; Dza; Jiba; Tso |- | Madagali || Fulfulde; Marghi ;Mafa |- | Maiha || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Mayo Belwa || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Michika || Kamwe, [[Gvoko language|Gvoko]]; Hide; Hya; [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]]; [[Lamang language|Lamang]]; [[Margi language|Marghi Central]]; Mafa; [[Margi South language|Marghi South]]; Putai; [[Vemgo-Mabas language|Vemgo-Mabas]]; Waja |- | Mubi || [[Fulfulde]], Kamwe Daba; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Mafa; Gude; [[Kirya-Konzəl language|Kirya-Konzel]]; Marghi Central; Marghi South; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Mubi North || Fali, Fulfulde ; Kamwe Hya; [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] |- | Mubi South || Gude,Igbo |- | Numan || Bachama; Bali; [[Jen language|Dza]]; [[Kpasam language|Kpasham]]; Kwa; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Mumuye; Waka; Kaan |- | Shelleng || Kaan; [[Hwana language|Hwana]]; Mbula-Bwazza,Igbo |- | Song || Bata; Bena; Ga'anda; Gudu; Hwana; Kaan; [[Kofa language|Kofa]]; Mboi; Mbula-Bwazza; Voro,Igbo |- | Toungo || Jibu,Igbo |- | Yola || [[Fulfulde]], Igbo |- | Yola North || [[fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Yola South || [[Fulfulde]], Vere, |} == Gwamnati == [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa|Gwamanan Jihar Adamawa]] ke da alhakin zartarwa da gudanarwa a jihar, a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Adamawa|Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Adamawa]], dake [[Yola|Birnin Yola]]. == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == 42n6rdzt0jowrz18mxbxbmi6j8dj4ii 163177 163176 2022-08-02T08:39:01Z Uncle Bash007 9891 /* Gwamnati */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jihar Adamawa''' jiha ce wacce take Arewa maso Gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Jihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas. Jihar ta samo asalin sunanta ne daga tarihinta na [[Masarautar Adamawa]], tare da tsohuwar babban birnin masarautar watau [[Yola]] wanda take matsayin babban birnin Jihar Adamawa a yau. Jihar ta kasance daga cikin mafi rabe-rabe tare da harsuna na asalin garin daban daban fiye da guda 100 - an kafa Jihar a 1991 a sa'annin da aka raba tsohuwar [[Jihar Gongola]] don samar da Jihar Adamawa da [[Taraba]].<ref>"This is how the 36 states were created". ''Pulse.ng''. October 24, 2017. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> Acikin jihohi 36 na Najeriya, Jihar Adamawa tafi kowacce girma ta fuskar fadin kasa, amma itace ta 13 a jerin jihohi masu karancin yawan jama'a tare da kimanin mutum miliyan 4.25 danagane da kiyasin shekara ta 2016.<ref>"Population 2006-2016". ''[[National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria|National Bureau of Statistics]]''. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</ref> Dangane da yanayin kasa, Jihar ta kunshi tuddai da tsaunuka (kamarsu [[Atlantika Mountains|Atlantika]], [[Mandara Mountains|Mandara]], da kuma tudun [[Shebshi Mountains|Shebshi]]) da kuma tsaunin [[Adamawa Plateau]] tare da kogi zagaye da tsaunukan. Jihar da ake kira da Adamawa ta a yau ta kadance gida ga yaruka daban daban kamar su [[Bwatiye languages|Bwatiye (Bachama)]], [[Bali people (Nigeria)|Bali]], Bata (Gbwata), [[Gudu]], Mbula-Bwazza, da kuma Nungurab (Lunguda) daga yankin tsakiyar garin; harshen [[Kamwe language#People|Kamwe]] daga tsakiyar da arewacin garin; yaren [[Jibu language|Jibu]] daga can kudancin garin; harshen [[Kilba people|Kilba]], [[Marghi]], Waga, da Wula daga arewa; sai kuma [[Mumuye people|Mumuye]] daga arewa; da kuma [[Fula people|Fulani]] daga kowannne sashi na garin mafi akasari a matsayin makiyaya. Akwai rabe-raben addini a jihar Adamawa inda musulmai mabiya sunnah suke da kaso 55% na yawan mutanen jihar, kaso 30% kiristoci (yawancinsu mabiya kiristanci na [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria|Lutheran]], [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria|EYN]], [[Evangelical Church Winning All|ECWA]], da Pentecostal), inda sauran kashi 15% na mutanen jihar suna riko ga addinan gargajiya.<ref>"Roelofs, Portia (November 2017). "Civil Society, Religion and the State: Mapping of Borno and Adamawa" (PDF). [[Abuja]]: [[Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit]]. Retrieved January 18,2022.</ref><ref>Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (March 27, 2019). "Religion and Voter Choice Homogeneity in the Nigerian Presidential Elections of the Fourth Republic". ''Statistics, Politics and Policy''. '''10''': 1–25. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:10.1515/spp-2018-0010. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]] 159290972. Retrieved January 19, 2022.</ref> Daga farkon karni na 1800, Mayakan Fulani na musulunci sun mamaye yankin jihar Adamawa ta yau inda suka kafa Masarautar Adamawa a karkashi Halifancin Sokoto. Shekaru 90 bayan haka, dakaru daga Daular Kasar Jamus da Burtaniya sun ci Masarautar Adamawa da yaki, inda suka rarraba yankin a tsakaninsu. An hade sashin da Turawa suke mulka (wacce ta mamaye yammacin Jihar Adamawa a yau) acikin yankin mulkin mallaka na Turai, kafin ta samu 'yancin kai kuma ta zamo Najeriya a shekarar alif 1960. Inda sashin da Jamus ke mulka ta zamo [[German Kamerun]] kafin sojojin hadin kai farmaki kuma suka mamaye Kamerun a lokacin gwagwarmayar Kamaru ([[Kamerun campaign]]) a lokacin Yakin Duniya ta daya. Bayan yakin, yankin gabashin Adamawa ya kasance daga cikin yankin arewacin Kamaru a karkashin mulkin Turawan Kamaru har zuwa 1961, a lokacin da yarjejeniya ta hade yankin da Najeriya. Tun asali, yankin Jihar Adamawa ta kasance daga cikin Yankin Arewa bayan samun 'yanci, har zuwa 1967 lokacin da aka tsaga yankin kuma ta zamo daga cikin yankin Jihar Arewa ta Gabas. Bayan an raba Jihar Arewa ta Gabas a 1976, an samar da [[Jihar Gongola]] a ranar 3 ga watan Februarun 1976 tare da sauran sabbin jihohi 10. Shekaru 15 bayan an mayar da yankin jiha, an raba Gongola, yayinda kudancin jihar ta zamo [[Taraba]], arewacin jihar kuma ta zamo Jihar Adamawa. A matsayinta na jiha da ta dogara akan noma, tattalin arzikin Jihar Adamawa sun ta'allaka ne akan noma da kiwo, kamar noman [[Auduga]], [[Gyaɗa]], [[Dawa|dawa]], [[Rogo]], [[Gero]] da [[Doya|doya]]. Shekaru da dama bayan rikicin Boko Haram, ya kawo cikas ga cigaba a jihar.<ref>"Nigeria declares 'massive' military campaign on borders". ''[[BBC News]]''. May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2013.</ref> Adamawa tana na goma a fuskar cigaban al'umma, amma tun da rikici ya fara a shekara ta 2016, an sake tsarin cigaban.<ref>"Human Development Indices". ''Global Data Lab''. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref><ref>"Celebrating the Return of Peace in Nigeria's Adamawa State". ''[[USAID]]''. July 12, 2021. Retrieved December 15, 2021.</ref> == Labarin kasa == Jihar Adamawa na daga cikin jihohi mafi girma a Najeriya kuma ta mamaye kusan fadin 36,917sqkm. ihar ta hada iyaka da [[Borno]] daga arewa maso yamma, [[Gombe (jiha)]] daga yamma, [[Taraba]] daga kudu maso yamma, a yayin da ta hada iyaka da kasar [[Kamaru]] daga gabas.<ref>Aga, Chiegeonu (2009). ''Nigeria: State by State''. Nigeria: Lulucom. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/9781105864322|<bdi>9781105864322</bdi>]].</ref> Damshi da yanayin zafi/sanyi na Jihar Adamawa na farawa ne a watan Nuwamba, inda garin na da zafi sosai musamman a lokacin zafi. Lokacin sanyi na farawa ne daga watan Decemba zuwa watan Febreru na kowacce shekara.<ref>A.B. Mamman, J.O. Oyebanji (2000). ''Nigeria: A people United, A Future Assured''.</ref> Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Adamawa kasa ce ta manyan tsaunuka zagaye da koramu a gefensu - kaman rafin [[Benue River|Benue]], [[Gongola River|Gongola]] da Yedsarem. Koramun tsaunin Kamaru, Tsaunin Mandara<ref>"A Dormant Volcanic Range in Adamawa". ''Folio Nigeria''. June 20, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2020.</ref> da Tsaunin Adamawa ne suka hadu suka samar da yanayin kasar Jihar Adamawa. == Tattalin arziki == Mafi akasarin mutanen Adamawa manoma ne kamar yadda yankunan tsirrai na kasar guda biyu suka nuna, yankin [[Sudan (region)|Sub-Sudan]] da Northern Guinea Savannah.<ref>"Learn About Adamawa State, Nigeria | People, Local Government and Business Opportunities in Adamawa". ''Overview of Nigeria |NgEX''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Amfanin gonarsu na siyarwa sun hada da [[Auduga|auduga]] da [[Gyaɗa|gyaɗa]] a yayin da kayan amfani na cin yau da kullum sune [[Masara|masara]], [[Doya|doya]], [[Rogo|rogo]], [[Gero|gero]], [[Dawa|dawa]] da [[Shinkafa|shinkafa]]. Mutanen kauyuka dake zaune a gabar rafi suna aikin kamun kifi a yayin da Fulanin kauyukan sun kasance makiyaya. Jihar na da hanyoyi na titi da suka hade kowanne yanki na jihar. Habaka da cigaban yankuna da dama na jihar na da alaka da lokacin Turawan mulkin mallaka a sa'ilin da turawan Jamus suka mulki yankin Arewaci da Kudancin Kamaru daga [[Dikwa]] daga arewa zuwa Victoria ([[Limbe, Cameroon|Limbe]]) akan gabar Atlantik a karni na 19. An mika wannan yankuna zuwa ga Burtaniya a matsayin yarjejeniyar [[United Nations Trust Territories]] bayan Yakin Duniya ta Daya, tare da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar [[Treaty of Versailles]]. Bayan jayayya mai karfi, an mika Arewacin Kamaru zuwa Najeriya inda ta zamo Gundumar Mulkin Sardauna, sannan kuma Kudancin Kamerun ta hade da yankin harshen Faransanci na Kamaru.<ref>Gongola State Government (1989). ''Gongola at a Glance''.</ref><ref>Udo, R.K (1970). ''Geographical Regions of Nigeria''. Heinemann.</ref> == Addinai == Musulmai sunyi rinjaye ta fuskar yawa a Jihar Adamawa, tare da matsakaicin yawa na kiristoci. Jihar Adamawa na daya daga cikin yankunan da aka fara Jihadin addinin musulunci tun zamanin Daular Masarautar Musulunci na Sokoto a karni na 1800. Har iyau, akwai Sarki dake jagorantar jihar Adamawa na lokacin wanda ake kira da '''Lamido''', wanda ya fito daga tsatson sarakuna Musulmai wanda suka yake yankin kuma suka mamaye ta tun kafin a hade Kudanci da Arewacin Najeriya a 1914 lokacin mulkin mallaka na turawa. [[Atiku Abubakar]] ya kasance Waziri ga sarkin Adamawa. Akwai helikwata na manyan cocin kirista na [[Church of the Brethren in Nigeria]] (EYN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Mubi a yankin arewacin jihar, da kuma cocin [[Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria]] (LCCN Church) wacce ke da cibiya a Numan dake yankin kudancin jihar.<ref>"About – The Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria". ''lccn.org.ng''. Retrieved February 4, 2022.</ref> Mishanari kasar Amurka suka kafa Cocin Brethren na Najeriya (EYN church) a karamar hukumar Garkida Gombi a jihar a watan Mayun 1923.<ref>"Nigeria - EYN, Church of the Brethren | Mission 21". ''www.mission-21.org''. Retrieved February 4,2022.</ref> Shi kuma cocin "Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria (LCCN Church)", mishanarin kasar Jamus suka kafa ta a Numan a 1913.<ref>Gongola State Government (1985). ''Potential Investors Guide to Gongola State''.</ref> == Tarihi == Kafin zamanta jiha, Adamawa ta kasance karkashin mulkin Masarautar Sokoto wacce ta hada da akasarin arewacin Kamaru. Ana yiwa shugabanninsu lakabi da Sarki ko (''Lamido'' da harshen Fillanci). Kalmar "Adamawa" ta samo asali ne da asalin ne daga wanda ya kafa masarautar Adamawa watau [[Modibo Adama]], shugaban yankin na Jaruman Fulani a karkashin jagorancin [[Usman dan Fodio]] Sarkin Daular Sokoto a 1804. Modibo Adama ya fito ne daga yankin Gurin (wani dan kauye a yau) sannan a 1806, an bashi koriyar tuta don ya jagoranci jihadi na musulunci a kasar sa. Bayan 'yan shekaru kadan, Adama ya mamaye kasashe da harsuna da dama na yankin. A cikin shekarar alif 1838, ya mayar da Ribadu babban birninsa, sannan a 1839, Joboliwo ta zamo babban birnin yankin. A shekarar 1841 ne ya kafa birnin [[Yola]] daga bisani ya rasu a 1848. Bayan turawa sun mamaye yankin (daga fari turawan Jamus, daga bisani kuma na Burtaniya), shugabannin sun cigaba da mulki a matsayin sarakuna sannan tsatsonsu sun cigaba da gadon kujerar mulkin. An samu labarin barkewar cutar kyanda daga wani sansanin almajirai a watan Junairun 2015.<ref>"Mohammed Ismail (January 16, 2015). "Nigeria: Adamawa IDPs' Camps Record Outbreak of Measles". AllAfrica.</ref> === Sarakunan Adamawa === Sarakunan Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Modibbo Adama|Modibbo Adama bin Hassan]], 1809–1848 * Lawalu ben Adama, 1848–1872 (dandan magabacin sarki) * Sanda ben Adama, 1872–1890 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * [[Zubayru bin Adama]], 1890–1901 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Bobbo Ahmadu ben Adama, 1901–1909 (dan uwan magabacin sarki) * Iya ben Sanda, 1909–1910 (dandan bin Adama) * Muhammadu Abba, 1910–1924 (dandan Ahmadu bin Adama) * Muhammadu Bello ben Ahmadu ben Hamidu bin Adamu, 1924–1928 * Mustafa ben Muhammadu Abba, 1928–1946 (dandan Muhammadu Abba) * Ahmadu ben Muhammadu Bello, 1946–1953 * Aliyu Mustafa, 1953–2010 * [[Muhammadu Barkindo Aliyu Musdafa]], 2011–har zuwa yau === Rikicin Boko Haram === Jihar Adamawa ta samu illa sosai daga kungiyar Boko Haram. A cikin watan Janairun shekara ta 2012, Boko Haram sun kai hari a [[Gombi]], Yola da Adamawa. Zuwa shekara ta 2014, Jihar ta zamo gida ga sansani 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 35,000 wanda suka gudo daga yankunan da Boko Haram ta mamaye kaman su Mubi, [[Madagali]], [[Askira uba|Askira Uba]], [[Bama, Nigeria|Bama]] da [[Gwoza]] na jihohin Adamawa, Borno, da Yobe. A shekara ta 2014, an kiyasta 'yan gudun hijira akalla mutum 400,000.<ref name=":0">"Nigeria: U.S., UK, American University Deliver Relief Materials to Adamawa Displaced Persons". Channels Television. November 20, 2014.</ref> An kai wani mummunan hari a garin Chakawa a shekara ta 2014. Kunar bakin wake (na bam) ya kashe akalla mutum 30 a shekara ta 2015.<ref>Yola market explosion kills 30</ref> Hare-hare bam sau biyu a [[Madagali]] a cikin shekara ta 2016 ya jawo rasa rayukan mutum 50. Mubi itace yankin da tafi kowacce matsalolin Boko Haram a Jihar Adamawa. A sa'ilin da aka kai mata munanan hari a shekara ta 2012, 2014, 2017 da kuma 2018. Kungiyoyin tabbatar da wanzuwar zaman lafiya a yankin sun hada da "Adamawa Peace Initiative (API)" wata kungiya na 'yan kasuwa, malaman addini da kuma jagororin al'umma - kuma Kungiyar Musulman Jihar Adamawa. Kungiyar [[United States Agency for International Development]] ta dauki alhakin taimakawa wajen cigaban al'umman yankin.<ref name=":0" /> A ranaku 21 zuwa 22 ga watan Febrerun 2020, kungiyar Boko Haram ta kai hari a gidaje da cocuka a yankin Garkida, inda suka kashe sojoji uku kuma suka rauna ta mutane (farar hula) da dama.<ref>"Garkida attacked by Boko Haram, town was birthplace of EYN in Nigeria | Church of the Brethren". ''www.brethren.org''. Archived from the original on February 29, 2020.</ref> == Ilimi == Makarantun gaba da sakandare a Adamawa sun hada da: * [[Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Jihar Adamawa]], Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State polytechnic (ADAMAWAPOLY) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-polytechnic|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Adamawa State University (ADSU) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/adamawa-state-university|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]],Yola<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in American University of Nigeria (AUN) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/american-university-of-nigeria|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Federal College of Education, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Official List of Courses Offered in Federal College Of Education Yola (FCEYOLA) - Myschool|url=https://myschool.ng/classroom/institution-courses/federal-college-of-education-yola|access-date=2021-10-30|website=myschool.ng|language=en}}</ref> * [[Makarantar Polytechnic ta Gwamnatin Tarayya, Mubi]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-04-05|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In Federal Polytechnic Mubi|url=https://schoolings.org/list-of-accredited-courses-offered-in-federal-polytechnic-mubi/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Jami'ar Modibbo Adama ta Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola.|Modibbo Adama University, Yola]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=keetu|date=2018-02-07|title=List Of Accredited Courses Offered In MAUTECH (Modibbo Adama University Of Technology)|url=https://schoolings.org/accredited-courses-offered-in-mautech-modibbo-adama-university-of-technology/|access-date=2021-10-30|language=en-US}}</ref> == Wuraren Bude Idanu == * [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] * Fadar Nuhu Auwalu Wakili * [[Sukur]] wurin Tarihi na Duniya * Fadar Lamido * [[American University of Nigeria|Jami'ar "American University of Nigeria"]], Yola * Kololuwar Tsaunin Kamale Mountain dake [[Michika]] * Duwatsun Three Sisters Rock dake Song * Ruwa mai sanyi na Kwandree a Michika * Homtel Derivative and Suites * Mahadar Kogin [[Benue River|Benue]] da [[Gongola River|Gongola]] dake Numan Uba a cikin garin [[Mubi (town)|Mubi]] (Valanyi) == Kananan Hukumomi == Jhar Amadamawa na da kananan hukumomi kamar haka: [[File:Side View of Kuram Ldam.jpg|300px|thumb|Mountainous landscape of the state]] {{div col|colwidth=10em}} * [[Demsa]] * [[Fufore]] * [[Ganye]] * [[Girei]] * [[Gombi]] * [[Guyuk (Nijeriya)|Guyuk]] * [[Hong (Nijeriya)|Hong]] * [[Jada (Nijeriya)|Jada]] * [[Lamurde]] * [[Madagali]] * [[Maiha]] * [[Mayo-Belwa]] * [[Michika]] * [[Mubi ta Arewa]] * [[Mubi ta Kudu]] * [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]] * [[Shelleng]] * [[Song (Nijeriya)|Song]] * [[Toungo (Nijeriya)|Toungo]] * [[Yola ta Arewa]] (Babban Birni Jihar) * [[Yola ta Kudu]] {{Div col end}} == Harsuna == A kasa an jero ire-iren harsunan Adamawa dangane da kananan hukumomin da suka mamaye: {| class="wikitable" ! LGA !! Languages |- | Demsa ||[[Bacama language|fulfulde]]; Bali; Bata; Bille; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Waka |- | Fufore || [[fulfulde]]; |- | Ganye ||[[Fulfulde]], Gaa; Koma; Mumuye; Peere; [[Daka language|Chamba Daka]] |- | Girei || fulfulde |- | Gombi || fulfulde ; [[Bura language|Bura-Pabir]]; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Hwana; [[Lala-Roba language|Lala-Roba]]; Mboi; [[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]]; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Guduniya ||[[Ngwaba language|Ngwaba]] |- | Guyuk || Bacama; Bena; Dera; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; [[Longuda people|Longuda]]; Voro |- | Hong || Boga; [[Nggwahyi language|Nggwahyi]]; Ngwaba; Nya Huba; Mafa, Kamwe |- | Jada || Fulfulde, Chamba ,Igbo |- | Lamurde || [[Fulfulde]], Kwa; [[Bambuka language|Kyak]]; Bacama; [[Dadiya language|Dadiya]]; [[Dikaka language|Dikaka]]; Dza; Jiba; Tso |- | Madagali || Fulfulde; Marghi ;Mafa |- | Maiha || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Mayo Belwa || [[Fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Michika || Kamwe, [[Gvoko language|Gvoko]]; Hide; Hya; [[Kamwe language|Kamwe]]; [[Lamang language|Lamang]]; [[Margi language|Marghi Central]]; Mafa; [[Margi South language|Marghi South]]; Putai; [[Vemgo-Mabas language|Vemgo-Mabas]]; Waja |- | Mubi || [[Fulfulde]], Kamwe Daba; [[Ga'anda language|Ga'anda]]; Mafa; Gude; [[Kirya-Konzəl language|Kirya-Konzel]]; Marghi Central; Marghi South; [[Huba language|Nya Huba]] |- | Mubi North || Fali, Fulfulde ; Kamwe Hya; [[Zizilivakan language|Zizilivakan]] |- | Mubi South || Gude,Igbo |- | Numan || Bachama; Bali; [[Jen language|Dza]]; [[Kpasam language|Kpasham]]; Kwa; [[Mbula-Bwazza language|Mbula-Bwazza]]; Mumuye; Waka; Kaan |- | Shelleng || Kaan; [[Hwana language|Hwana]]; Mbula-Bwazza,Igbo |- | Song || Bata; Bena; Ga'anda; Gudu; Hwana; Kaan; [[Kofa language|Kofa]]; Mboi; Mbula-Bwazza; Voro,Igbo |- | Toungo || Jibu,Igbo |- | Yola || [[Fulfulde]], Igbo |- | Yola North || [[fulfulde]],Igbo |- | Yola South || [[Fulfulde]], Vere, |} == Gwamnati == [[Jerin Sunayen Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa|Gwamanan Jihar Adamawa]] ke da alhakin zartarwa da gudanarwa a jihar, a [[Majalisar Dokokin Jihar Adamawa|Majalisar Dokoki ta Jihar Adamawa]], dake [[Yola|Birnin Yola]]. ==Sanannun Mutane a Adamawa==<!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->* [[Atiku Abubakar]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Abiola|first=Rahaman|date=2020-03-02|title=He remains a man of estimable character and virtue - Atiku hails Adeboye at 78|url=https://www.legit.ng/1307461-pastor-enoch-adeboye-78-atiku-abubakar-congratulates-rccg-go.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Iya Abubakar]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Omotayo|first=Joseph|date=2019-10-08|title=Meet Nigerian mathematical genius, Iya Abubakar, who became a professor at 28|url=https://www.legit.ng/1264239-prof-iya-abubakar-mathematical-genius-2nd-indigenous-vc-abu.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref> * [[Jibril Aminu]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Idachaba|first=Eleojo|date=2020-05-01|title=Jubril Aminu, Oladipo Diya: Where are they now?|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/jubril-aminu-oladipo-diya-where-are-they-now/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Alex Badeh]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-12-19|title=Alex Badeh 1957 to 2018|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/12/alexander-badeh-1957-to-2018/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Mohammed Adamu Bello|Mohammed Bello]] * [[Aisha Buhari]]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Aisha Buhari personal life story as she turn golden age today|work=BBC News Pidgin|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/world-56094523|access-date=2021-06-30}}</ref> * [[Done P. Dabale]] * Sen. Aisha Dahiru Binani * [[Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-04-01|title=Fintiri To Govern Adamawa With Few Political Appointees|url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/04/01/fintiri-govern-adamawa-few-political-appointees|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> * [[Binta Masi Garba]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Newly Elected Senators [FULL LIST]|url=https://independent.ng/newly-elected-senators-full-list/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria|date=March 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Boni Haruna]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-14|title=Assembly moves to make Adamawa pay for WASSCE, NECO registration|url=https://punchng.com/assembly-moves-to-make-adamawa-pay-for-wassce-neco-registration/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Bindo Jibrilla]] * [[Muhammadu Gambo Jimeta]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-22|title=Buhari Mourns Former IG, Gambo Jimeta|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/22/buhari-mourns-former-ig-gambo-jimeta/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Aliyu Kama]] * [[Babachir David Lawal]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-28|title=Outrage grows across Nigeria as Buhari's lopsided appointments continue|work=Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/189117-outrage-grows-across-nigeria-as-buharis-lopsided-appointments-continue.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Tahir Mamman]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-10|title=2023: APC Super Active, Will Send Out PDP From Adamawa - Prof Mamman|url=https://leadership.ng/2023-apc-super-active-will-send-out-pdp-from-adamawa-prof-mamman/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Leadership News - Nigeria News, Breaking News, Politics and more|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-06-25|title=Meet members of the APC National Caretaker Committee|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/399621-meet-members-of-the-apc-national-caretaker-committee.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Mohammed Buba Marwa|Buba Marwa]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ukwu|first=Jerrywright|date=2021-01-16|title=Breaking: President Buhari appoints Buba Marwa as CEO of NDLEA|url=https://www.legit.ng/1398326-breaking-president-buhari-appoints-buba-marwa-dg-ndlea.html|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-18|title=NDLEA: Marwa resumes as chairman, silent on 5,000 shortlisted job seekers|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/437217-ndlea-marwa-resumes-as-chairman-silent-on-5000-shortlisted-job-seekers.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-01-24|title=Lagos Ex-MILAD, Buba Marwa Back to Relevance|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/24/lagos-ex-milad-buba-marwa-back-to-relevance/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Abubakar Saleh Michika]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-03-11|title=UPDATED: Ex-Adamawa Governor Abubakar Michika is dead|work=Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/261392-just-ex-adamawa-governor-abubakar-michika-dead.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2012-02-03|title=Adamawa's past men of power|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/02/adamawas-past-men-of-power/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Boss Mustapha]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zmIuAQAAIAAJ&q=Boss+Mustapha+Adamawa+-wikipedia|title=Newswatch|date=2005|publisher=Newswatch Communications Limited|language=en}}</ref> * [[Murtala Nyako]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-07-15|title=Governor Murtala Nyako Of Adamawa State Impeached|url=http://saharareporters.com/2014/07/15/governor-murtala-nyako-adamawa-state-impeached|access-date=2021-06-30|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> * [[Bamanga Tukur]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-15|title=Mahmud Tukur: Homage To A Distinguished Accomplisher, By Muhammad Musa-Gombe|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/455166-mahmud-tukur-homage-to-a-distinguished-accomplisher-by-muhammad-musa-gombe.html|access-date=2021-06-30|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-24|title=Tukur lauds Fintiri's performance in office|url=https://guardian.ng/politics/tukur-lauds-fintiris-performance-in-office/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Mahmud Tukur]] * [[Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo]] * [[Nuhu Ribadu]] * Dr Bala Takaya * [[Ibrahim Lamorde]] * [[Ahmed Joda]] * Abubakar Isa (Buba Shafani) * <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦---> == Wurare da yankuna a Afirka ta Yamma == * Tsibirin Adamawa, wanda ya fara daga Najeriya, ya ratsa Kamaru, ya ƙare a Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya * Yankin Adamawa, Kamaru * [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], Najeriya * [[Masarautar Adamawa|Masarautar Adamawa, wacce]] aka kafa ta kuma aka sanya mata sunan Modibo Adama * Tsohuwar Limamin Katolika na Adamawa == Wasu == * [[Yaren Adamawa|Yarukan Adamawa]], dangin harsunan da ake magana dasu a yankin da ke sama * [[File:Ali converted his forefathers motor cycle to a tricycle to aid Santuraki Adamawa transportation in 2004.jpg|thumb|hotan wani mutum mai aiki sufuri a Adamawa]]Adamawa (shanu), nau'in shanu na Afirka == Manazarta == n3xmaep43hqfrdy8dxmcp2htnn04qma 0 7062 163178 128663 2022-08-02T09:19:35Z 2A01:CB19:8F88:700:BC11:BB8A:8B7A:461F /* Rasuwar Sarki */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Sarki Alhaji Muhammadu Dikko''' kuma anfi sanin sa da ''Muhammad Dikko ɗan Gidado'' CBE (1865 – May 1944)<ref name=":0">Burji, Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji : tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers. p.14. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]].</ref>, ya kasance [[Sarkin Katsina]] ne na 47th, wanda yayi daga 9 watan Nuwamba shekarar 1906 har zuwa rasuwarsa a shekarar 1944. Shine sarkin Katsina na tara (9) a bangaren Fulani<ref name=":0" />. == Tarihi == An haifeshi a shekarar 1865<ref>Sani Abubakar Lugga, 1950- (2006). ''Dikko dynasty : 100 years of the Sullubawa ruling house of Katsina, 1906-2006''. Katsina, Nigeria: Lugga Press. p.2. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-2105-20-2|978-978-2105-20-2]].</ref>, a lokacin Sarki Muhammadu Bello, an naɗa shi sarauta lokacin yana da shekara ashirin da biyu (22) da haihuwa<ref name=":0" />. An naɗashi Durbi daidai lokacin yaƙin Basasar Kano. A lokacin da Lord Lugard ya shiga garin katsina, Dikko yana matsayin Durbin Katsina kuma an bashi alhakin kula da Turawa, cinsu da shan su, ƙibarsu da ramar su na hannunsa kamar yadda sarkin lokacin watau Sarki Abubakar ya umurceshi<ref>Burji, Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji : tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers. p.15. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]].</ref>. Tarihi ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka naɗa sarki muhammad Dikko yana Gobir don siyayyar Raƙuma na Sarki Abubakar na lokacin daga nan aka tura masa takarda ya dawo, akan hanya ya haɗu da ɗan aike (mallam Giɗaɗo) daga liman wazirin katsina Haruna, cewa an kama Sarki Yero, an naɗa shi sarki<ref name=":1">Burji,Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji : tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers. p.16. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]].</ref>. Da isowar bariki joji yace “Gwamna ya aiko, kaine Sarki” daga nan ya kama sarautar katsina<ref name=":1" />. == Tafiye Tafiye == Sarki Muhammadu Dikko yana daya daga cikin sarakunan da suka fi kowa tafiye-tafiye zuwa qasashen qetare<ref name=":1" />. Daga lokacin da sarki zai je garin Makkah, Gwamna lugard ya haɗashi da soja mai suna “Mr. Wafaster” (webster) ya rakashi har Makka ya tashi katsina ranar talatin ga watan biyar 1920, sannan ya isa birnin landan a biyar ga watan Bakwai 1920. Sarkin ingila Nelo ya bashi lambar girma (Kings Medal for African Chiefs) a ranar 29 ga watan 7, shekarar 1920, ya isa jidda wanda sharifin Makka Usaini ya amshe su, ya kare aikin hajji ran 12 ga watan 9,shekarar 1920. Sannan ya fara buyawa ta ingila sannan ya dawo katsina a ranar 22/11/1920<ref name=":2">Burji, Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji : tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers. p.16-17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]].</ref>. A shekarar 1924, Sarki Dikko ya ƙara komawa Ingila don halartar taron nuna kayan ciniki na ƙasashen Ingila (Empire Exhibition).<ref name=":2" />Sarki ya ƙara komawa aikin hajji a shekarar 1933 inda ya sake biyawa ta turai a shekarar 1937 ya sake komawa Turai don ayi masa maganin idonsa dake ciwo<ref>Burji, Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji : tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers. p.17. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]].</ref>. == Harkokin Wasanni == Duk wanda yasan Sarki Muhammadu Dikko yasanshi da son wasanni na motsa jini musamman wasan dawaki na polo. An fara wasan dawaki watau Polo a katsina a shekarar 1921, sannan mafi yawanci wanda suka buga wasan ƴa’ƴan sarki ne, da ƴa’ƴan hakimi, da ƴa’ƴan Waziri. Kuma sarki ya kafa ƙungiyar kwallo da ake kira “katsina polo club”<ref>Burji, Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji : tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers. p.19. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]].</ref>. Gwanayen polo a katsina sun haɗa da; -        Usman Nagoggo                                               (6) -        Alhaji Ibrahim Galadiman Magani               (4) -        Alhaji Yusuf                                                        (3) -        Ɗan Dada                                                           (3) Wanda ake kiran wannan lambobi “ Nigerian Polo Association Handicape<ref>Burji, Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji : tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers. p.20. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]].</ref>” == Noma == Sarki Muhammadu Dikko ya kula da sha’anin Noma sosai wanda har alƙalin zazzau, Mallam Ahmadu Lugge, ya kanyi masa kirari da “Sahibul Harakaati Wal garaasati”<ref>Burji, Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji : tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers. p.22. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]].</ref>. == Rasuwar Sarki == Sarki Muhammadu Dikko ya rasu a watan Fabrairu shekarar 1944, bayan yayi jinya na kusan wata uku<ref>Burji, Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji :tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers. p.28. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]].</ref>. [[File:Muhammad Dikko 01.jpg|thumb|285x285px]] == Bibiliyo == Burji, Badamasi Shu'aibu G., 1968- (1997).''Gaskiya nagartar namiji : tarihin rayuwar Janar Hassan Usman Katsina''. Kano: Burji Publishers.[[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-135-051-2|<bdi>978-135-051-2</bdi>]]. OCLC 43147940. Sani Abubakar Lugga, 1950- (2006). ''Dikko dynasty : 100 years of the Sullubawa ruling house of Katsina, 1906-2006''. Katsina, Nigeria: Lugga Press. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-978-2105-20-2|978-978-2105-20-2]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]] 137997519. == Manazarta == 2fog5yxcjbjvcpfd11mfyqio1ejhjo2 0 8750 163125 161868 2022-08-02T07:50:43Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}'''Sarki Abdulmumini Kabir Usman''' (An haife shine a shekara ta alif 1951) Shine sarkin Katsina mai ci, da ne kuma ga tsohon Sarki Muhammad Kabir, jika ne kuma ga Sarki Usman Nagogo da Muhammad Dikko. ==Gabatarwa== Alhaji [[Abdulmumini Kabir Usman]] shi ne sarki na arba’in a jerin sarakunan Katsina, sannan kuma sarki na goma (10) a jerin sarakunan Fulani, kuma sarki na huɗu a zuriyar Sulluɓawa. Alhaji Abdulmumini Kabir Usman, mutum ne mai matuƙar son karatu, a saboda haka ya kasance mai ilimin addini da na zamani kamar mahaifinsa. Haka nan kuma shi mutum ne mai son jama’arsa, wannan abu ne mai sauƙin tantancewa, da isar ka fadar [[Katsina]] ka ga yadda mutane ke kaiwa-da-komawa ba tare da wata fargaba ko ɗari-ɗari ba. Jagora ne shi kuma abin koyi, mutum ne mai fasaha, jarumtaka da kuma gogewa a harkar mulki. Shi ne sarkin [[Katsina]] na farko wanda ke da digiri a kansa. ==Haihuwa== Am haifi Alhaji Abdulmumini Kabir Usman a ranar 9 ga watan Janairun shekarar alif 1951. Shi ɗa ne ga sarkin Katsina Alhaji Muhammadu Kabir Usman, wanda shi kuma ɗa ne ga sarkin Katsina Usman Nagogo, shi kuma ɗa ga sarkin [[Katsina]] Alhaji Muhammadu Dikko ==Karatu== Alhaji (Dr.) Abdulmumini Kabir Usman, ya yi karatunsa na firamare a makarantar firamaren kwana (Dutsinma Boarding Primary School) ta Dutsinma, daga shekara ta alif 1959 zuwa shekara ta alif 1964. Daga nan kuma ya cigaba zuwa makarantar sakandiren gwamnatin Katsina (Government Secondary School, Katsina) wacce daga baya ta koma kwalejin gwamnati ta Katsina (Government College Katsina), daga shekara ta alif 1965 zuwa shekara ta alif 1969. Bayan kammala wannan makaranta ya samu zarcewa zuwa Jami’ar Ahmadu Bello da ke Zariya daga shekara ta alif 1972 zuwa shekara ta 1974. A ƙarshe ya samu nasarar samun digiri a fannin soshiyoloji (Bachelor's Degree in Sociology) daga Jami’ar Ɗanfodiyo da ke jihar Sakkwato. ==Gogayyar Aiki== Alhaji [[Abdulmumini Kabir Usman]] ya zama Magajin Garin [[Katsina]] Hakimin Birni da kewaye lokacin yana ɗan shekara 30 a duniya. Yana kan wannan muƙami na Hakimin Birni da kewaye wanda a lokacin Katsina tana matsayin ƙaramar hukuma a Jahar [[Kaduna]], sai aka ɗaukaka darajar Katsina zuwa jaha a shekarar 1987. Ya riƙe muƙamai da dama, daga ciki akwai zamowarsa shugaban Jami’ar Oba-Femi Awolowo tun daga shekarar 2008 har zuwa shekarar 2015 inda aka canja shi zuwa shugabancin Jami’ar Ilorin. Ya yi aiki a matsayin chairman na wasu ƙungiyoyi da ma’aikatun gwamnati da hukumomi da aka yarda cewa sun haura 71. ==Zamowarsa Sarki== A ranar 13 ga watan Maris na shekarar 2008 aka ayyana sunan Alhaji (Dr.) Abdulmumini Kabir Usman a matsayin sarkin Katsina, bayan da masu zaɓen sarki suka zaɓe shi a matsayin sabon sarkin Katsina bayan rasuwar mahaifinsa Alhaji Muhammadu Kabir Usman. An yi bikin naɗinsa aranar 5 ga watan Yuli na shekarar 2008. ==Gudunmawa== Mutum mai son jama’a da kuma yi musu hidima kamar Alhaji (Dr.) Abdulmumini Kabir Usman, abu ne mai wuya a iyakance irin gudunmawar da yake baiwa jama’a. Alƙaluma sun kasa ƙididdige ɗimbin mutanen daya ya samawa guraben karatu a jami’o’in ciki da wajen [[Nijeriya]]. Sakamakon irin ayyukan taimakon al’umma da yake yi, ya samu kyaututtuka na girmamawa, kamawa tun daga ƙaramar hukumar [[Katsina]], har zuwa matakin jaha har zuwa matakin tarayya inda aka bashi lambar yabo mai taken “Commander of the Federal Republic (CFR)”.<ref>https://www.myheritage.com/names/kabir_usman%20nagogo</ref> <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/200803140804.html</ref> <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/abdulmumini-kabir-usman/</ref> ===Manazarta=== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabir Usman, Abdulmumini}} 5i5d4eor433wss4dzej1duzkhqqmo3x 0 9055 163042 160479 2022-08-01T22:39:58Z Hamza DK 12444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement||official_name=Malumfashi|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=|settlement_type=[[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] and town|motto=|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=250|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Katsina State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=Chairman|leader_name=Dr. Aminu Garba Waziri|established_title=Established|established_date=1975 <!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=674|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2006 census|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=182,920|population_density_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|11|48|N|7|37|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=822|area_code=|iso_code=NG.KT.MF|website=|footnotes=}} '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) karamar hukuma ce a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]] . Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. Tana da yanki na 674&nbsp;km² da yawan jama'a 182,920 a ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Ammani da Justice Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 822. Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Malum Fashi/Kafur shine Ibrahim Babangida Mahuta . == Fitattun mutane == * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga 1991 zuwa 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Vice Chancellor of [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi . * [[ * == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Katsina State}}. Malumfashi yana da kyakkyawar al'ummar kiristoci Hausawa. Suna zaune lafiya da makwabtansu musulmin Hausawa da danginsu. rmxk9i4sxs3ka3nxz7hkdl5o6uvs0gz 163044 163042 2022-08-01T22:43:35Z Hamza DK 12444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement||official_name=Malumfashi|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=|settlement_type=[[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] and town|motto=|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=250|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Katsina State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=Chairman|leader_name=Dr. Aminu Garba Waziri|established_title=Established|established_date=1975 <!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=674|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2006 census|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=182,920|population_density_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|11|48|N|7|37|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=822|area_code=|iso_code=NG.KT.MF|website=|footnotes=}} '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) karamar hukuma ce a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]] . Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da yanki na 674&nbsp;km² da yawan jama'a 182,920 a ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Ammani da Justice Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 822. Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Malum Fashi/Kafur shine Ibrahim Babangida Mahuta . == Fitattun mutane == * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga 1991 zuwa 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Vice Chancellor of [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi . * [[ * == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Katsina State}}. Malumfashi yana da kyakkyawar al'ummar kiristoci Hausawa. Suna zaune lafiya da makwabtansu musulmin Hausawa da danginsu. r2y27xzsspdyilvyqyr8r9b9bat8snq 163126 163044 2022-08-02T07:55:26Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement||official_name=Malumfashi|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=|settlement_type=[[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] and town|motto=|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=250|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Katsina State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=Chairman|leader_name=Dr. Aminu Garba Waziri|established_title=Established|established_date=1975 <!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=674|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2006 census|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=182,920|population_density_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Religions|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|11|48|N|7|37|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=822|area_code=|iso_code=NG.KT.MF|website=|footnotes=}} '''Malumfashi''' (ko '''Malum Fashi''' ) karamar hukuma ce a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]], [[Najeriya]] . Hedkwatar ta tana cikin garin Malumfashi. [[File:Nigeria Katsina State map.png|thumb]] Tana da yanki na 674&nbsp;km² da yawan jama'a 182,920 a ƙidayar 2006. Shugaban Ƙaramar hukumar na yanzu shine Alhaji Muktar Ammani da Justice Saddiq Abdullahi Mahuta Galadiman Katsina kuma Hakimin Malumfashi. Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 822. Wakilin majalisar wakilai mai wakiltar mazabar Malumfashi/Kafur shine Ibrahim Babangida Mahuta . == Fitattun mutane == * [[Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta|Mai shari’a Saddik Abdullahi Mahuta]], wanda ya fi kowa dadewa a kan mulki a jihar Katsina, daga shekara ta alif 1991 zuwa shekara ta 2013 da kuma Galadiman Katsina na 11, Hakimin Malumfashi. * [[Sunusi Mamman]], Vice Chancellor of [[Jami'ar Umaru Musa Yar'adua|Umaru Musa Yar'adua University]] and Sa'in Galadiman Katsina, daga ƙaramar hukumar Malumfashi . * [[ * == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Katsina State}}. Malumfashi yana da kyakkyawar al'ummar kiristoci Hausawa. Suna zaune lafiya da makwabtansu musulmin Hausawa da danginsu. n28ueezypes4c6zkjl7wrwtdxd5i2ao 0 9299 163045 160917 2022-08-01T22:46:21Z Hamza DK 12444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement||official_name=Kafur|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=Town of Dangaladima|settlement_type=[[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] and town|motto=The town of Dangaladima, home of Maize and Sorghum|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=250|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Katsina State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=1106|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2006 census|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=202,884|population_density_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities Hausa people settles with Fulani and other tribes for business purposes such as Yoruba, Igbo and many other|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Islamic religion is a major religion and Christianity is the minority religion in Kafur|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|11|39|N|7|42|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=832|area_code=832103|iso_code=NG.KT.KF|website=|footnotes=}} '''Kafur karamar''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina a]] [[Najeriya]] . Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kafur. Yana da yanki 1,106&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar 2006. ''''''Mazaɓu a Kafur''' # Dantutture # Dutsen Kura/Kanya # Gamzago # Kafur # Mahuta # Masari # Sabuwar Kasa # Yari Bori # Yartalata/Rigoji # Gozaki Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 832. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Katsina State}} <references /> 08kmxw0ps6jrl157a6a26jejjw11p3n 163046 163045 2022-08-01T22:52:44Z Hamza DK 12444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement||official_name=Kafur|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=Town of Dangaladima|settlement_type=[[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] and town|motto=The town of Dangaladima, home of Maize and Sorghum|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=250|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Katsina State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=1106|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2006 census|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=202,884|population_density_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities Hausa people settles with Fulani and other tribes for business purposes such as Yoruba, Igbo and many other|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Islamic religion is a major religion and Christianity is the minority religion in Kafur|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|11|39|N|7|42|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=832|area_code=832103|iso_code=NG.KT.KF|website=|footnotes=}} [[Da]tabox] '''Kafur karamar''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina a]] [[Najeriya]] . Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kafur. Yana da yanki 1,106&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar 2006. ''''''Mazaɓu a Kafur''' # Dantutture # Dutsen Kura/Kanya # Gamzago # Kafur # Mahuta # Masari # Sabuwar Kasa # Yari Bori # Yartalata/Rigoji # Gozaki Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 832. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Katsina State}} <references /> ithfvuwxyxeekl9jacn8iyr4iqwe1qt 163047 163046 2022-08-01T22:53:30Z Hamza DK 12444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement||official_name=Kafur|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=Town of Dangaladima|settlement_type=[[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] and town|motto=The town of Dangaladima, home of Maize and Sorghum|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=250|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Katsina State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=1106|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2006 census|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=202,884|population_density_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities Hausa people settles with Fulani and other tribes for business purposes such as Yoruba, Igbo and many other|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Islamic religion is a major religion and Christianity is the minority religion in Kafur|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|11|39|N|7|42|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=832|area_code=832103|iso_code=NG.KT.KF|website=|footnotes=}} [[Da]tabox] '''Kafur kar] amar''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina a]] [[Najeriya]] . Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kafur. Yana da yanki 1,106&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar 2006. ''''''Mazaɓu a Kafur''' # Dantutture # Dutsen Kura/Kanya # Gamzago # Kafur # Mahuta # Masari # Sabuwar Kasa # Yari Bori # Yartalata/Rigoji # Gozaki Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 832. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Katsina State}} <references /> 1wg3pi723fqc7kfeghmsgx4uj2ljdhj 163048 163047 2022-08-01T22:54:06Z Hamza DK 12444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement||official_name=Kafur|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=Town of Dangaladima|settlement_type=[[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|LGA]] and town|motto=The town of Dangaladima, home of Maize and Sorghum|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|pushpin_map=Nigeria|pushpin_label_position=|pushpin_mapsize=250|pushpin_map_caption=Location in Nigeria|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=[[States of Nigeria|State]]|subdivision_name1=[[Katsina State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=|subdivision_type3=|subdivision_name3=|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=|established_title=|established_date=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Metric|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=1106|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> <!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2006 census|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=202,884|population_density_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=Ethnicities Hausa people settles with Fulani and other tribes for business purposes such as Yoruba, Igbo and many other|population_blank1=|population_blank2_title=Islamic religion is a major religion and Christianity is the minority religion in Kafur|population_blank2=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=[[West Africa Time|WAT]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coordinates={{coord|11|39|N|7|42|E|type:adm2nd_region:NG|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=832|area_code=832103|iso_code=NG.KT.KF|website=|footnotes=}} [[Da]tabox]] '''Kafur kar] amar''' [[Ƙananan hukumomin Najeriya|hukuma]] ce a [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina a]] [[Najeriya]] . Hedkwatarta tana cikin garin Kafur. Yana da yanki 1,106&nbsp;km2 da yawan jama'a {{Sup|2}} a ƙidayar 2006. ''''''Mazaɓu a Kafur''' # Dantutture # Dutsen Kura/Kanya # Gamzago # Kafur # Mahuta # Masari # Sabuwar Kasa # Yari Bori # Yartalata/Rigoji # Gozaki Lambar gidan waya na yankin ita ce 832. == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Katsina State}} <references /> 70ou3tprm3z3feqfmwawymjkpib7jzx 0 12581 163041 73916 2022-08-01T22:36:32Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Rukayya''' daya daga cikin 'ya'yan da [[Annabi]] [[Muhammad]] S.A.W ya haifa ne (An haife tane a shekara ta alif 598 an kuma haifeta ne a makkah, yar kabilar larabawa ce, ta rasu ne a madinah a ranar 14 ga watan Maris a alif 624 an bir neta ne a Al-Baqi, Sunan mahaifinta Annabi Muhammad S.A.W.) sunan mahaifiyar ta Khadija yar Khuwailli o87dze4aj5ht9njsz2fm6dgxeb5ex6c 0 13243 162951 153787 2022-08-01T14:09:33Z 102.91.5.51 /* Manazarta */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Umar Gombe''' (''cikakken suna:'' Umar Sani Labaran) dan wasan fim ne kuma jarumi a masana'antar [[Kannywood]]. An haifeshi a 5 ga watan April na shekarar 1983.<ref name="DT">https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/how-kannywood-started-like-childs-play-umar-gombe.html</ref> An haifi Umar a garin [[Gombe]], kuma yayi makarantar firamare a Gombe children's & High School dake garin Gomben.<ref name="DT"/> Umar ya fara yin fim ne da fim din ''Shaida'' na direkta Tijjani Ibraheem. Ya taka rawa masu muhimmanci a finafinai da dama kamar ''Kwalla,'' ''Lambar Girma,'' ''Sa'in Sa,'' ''Noor,'' ''Lissafi,'' ''Iko'' da dai sauransu. Umar kuma yana fitowa a wasu wassanin kudancin Nijeriya kamar fil din ''Tenant of the House.'' ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 2.https://allafrica.com/stories/202204210642.html 3. https://www.blueprint.ng/sarari-appointed-loc-chairman-zuma-film-festival/ 4. https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/79199d363a2abef6f515ab6bd36bfbd2 5. https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-actor-umar-gombe-turns-pioneer-program-manager-of-northflix 6. www.umargombe.com ji2w94j4cwuvrm4dhwpvujr80sfg9hw 162952 162951 2022-08-01T14:10:15Z 102.91.5.51 /* Manazarta */ wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Umar Gombe''' (''cikakken suna:'' Umar Sani Labaran) dan wasan fim ne kuma jarumi a masana'antar [[Kannywood]]. An haifeshi a 5 ga watan April na shekarar 1983.<ref name="DT">https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/how-kannywood-started-like-childs-play-umar-gombe.html</ref> An haifi Umar a garin [[Gombe]], kuma yayi makarantar firamare a Gombe children's & High School dake garin Gomben.<ref name="DT"/> Umar ya fara yin fim ne da fim din ''Shaida'' na direkta Tijjani Ibraheem. Ya taka rawa masu muhimmanci a finafinai da dama kamar ''Kwalla,'' ''Lambar Girma,'' ''Sa'in Sa,'' ''Noor,'' ''Lissafi,'' ''Iko'' da dai sauransu. Umar kuma yana fitowa a wasu wassanin kudancin Nijeriya kamar fil din ''Tenant of the House.'' ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} 2.https://allafrica.com/stories/202204210642.html 3. https://www.blueprint.ng/sarari-appointed-loc-chairman-zuma-film-festival/ 4. https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/79199d363a2abef6f515ab6bd36bfbd2 5. https://dailytrust.com/kannywood-actor-umar-gombe-turns-pioneer-program-manager-of-northflix m5eui2x80eg7sdrtlr69rgdhd6zw5c2 0 14533 162964 145463 2022-08-01T19:12:22Z 154.160.26.186 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamisu Breaker''' Asalin sunan sa shine '''Hamisu Sa'id Yusuf''' amma mutane sun fi saninsa da Hamisu Breaker kuma sunan na Breaker ya samo asaline a lokacin da yana yin wani salon rawa da ake kira breaking tun a baya kafin asan shi a matsayin mawaki. Shahararren mawakin hausa ne musamman waƙoƙin soyayya wanda sunan sa ya hadu a Najeriya musammam ma yankin [[Arewa]]. ==Rayuwar Farko== An haifi Breaker a shekarar 1992 a [[Dorayi]] da ke ƙaramar hukumar [[Gwale]] a [[jihar Kano]] [[Najeriya]]. ==Karatu== Ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Dorayi duk da har zuwa yau mawakin babu wani rahoto da yake nuni da ya cigaba da karatun jami'a. ==Fara waƙarsa== ''Breaker'' ya fara Waƙa ne tun lokacin yana makarantar sakandare kuma ya yi waƙoƙi da dama kafin ya fara fitar da album Kuma waƙar sa da ta yi tashe sama da ko wacce ita ce Jaruma musamman a cikin [[Hausawa]]. A wannan shekara ta 2020, Jaruma ita ce waƙar [[Hausa]] ta soyayya da aka fi kallo da sauraro domin saida takai wani mataki a YouTube da babu wata waƙar da ta taɓa kaiwa a ƙanƙanin lokaci a tarihin waƙoƙin hausa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} dvhqvgcnzwa090fspssqupq30m7dz8x 162965 162964 2022-08-01T19:34:45Z Ishaq ibrahim209 18448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hamisu Breaker''' Asalin sunan sa shine '''Hamisu Sa'id Yusuf''' amma mutane sun fi saninsa da (Hamisu Breaker) kuma sunan na Breaker ya samo asaline a lokacin da yana yin wani salon rawa da ake kira breaking tun a baya kafin asan shi a matsayin mawaki. Shahararren mawakin hausa ne musamman waƙoƙin soyayya wanda sunan sa ya hadu a Najeriya musammam ma yankin [[Arewa]]. ==Rayuwar Farko== An haifi Breaker a shekarar 1992 a [[Dorayi]] da ke ƙaramar hukumar [[Gwale]] a [[jihar Kano]] [[Najeriya]]. ==Karatu== Ya halarci makarantar firamare da sakandare a Dorayi duk da har zuwa yau mawakin babu wani rahoto da yake nuni da ya cigaba da karatun jami'a. ==Fara waƙarsa== ''Breaker'' ya fara Waƙa ne tun lokacin yana makarantar sakandare kuma ya yi waƙoƙi da dama kafin ya fara fitar da album Kuma waƙar sa da ta yi tashe sama da ko wacce ita ce Jaruma musamman a cikin [[Hausawa]]. A wannan shekara ta 2020, Jaruma ita ce waƙar [[Hausa]] ta soyayya da aka fi kallo da sauraro domin saida takai wani mataki a YouTube da babu wata waƙar da ta taɓa kaiwa a ƙanƙanin lokaci a tarihin waƙoƙin hausa. ==Manazarta== {{Reflist}} sgh7s2fal6v705pm234pmb5x8ard2ti 0 19962 163120 84187 2022-08-02T07:23:28Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa''' tana cikin Mubi, a gundumar mazabar Arewacin [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 2002 ta Dokar Jami'ar Jihar ta Adamawa No. 10 na shekara ta 2001. " . Taken taken jami'a shine "Wajen tabbatar da ci gaba cikin sauri da sauya jihar". <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/10728.htm | title=Adamawa State University | publisher=www.4icu.org | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cedol.org/partner/adamawa-state-university/ | title=Adamawa State University | publisher=www.cedol.org | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.adamawastateuni.com/ Tashar Yanar gizon Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Adamawa]] [[Category:Jami'a]] [[Category:Gine-gine]] 6hj0hrsev67t8fri8wt9cbne13cwhrj 163121 163120 2022-08-02T07:24:33Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa''' tana cikin Mubi, a gundumar mazabar Arewacin [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 2002 a bisa Dokar Jami'ar Jihar ta Adamawa ma lamba 10 na shekara ta 2001. Taken taken jami'a shine "Wajen tabbatar da ci gaba cikin sauri da sauya jihar". <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/10728.htm | title=Adamawa State University | publisher=www.4icu.org | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cedol.org/partner/adamawa-state-university/ | title=Adamawa State University | publisher=www.cedol.org | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.adamawastateuni.com/ Tashar Yanar gizon Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Adamawa]] [[Category:Jami'a]] [[Category:Gine-gine]] si7sjq85bsyorlf5fhniqu62ojedyow 163122 163121 2022-08-02T07:26:01Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa''' tana cikin Mubi, a gundumar mazabar Arewacin [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 2002 a bisa Dokar Jami'ar Jihar ta Adamawa ma lamba 10 na shekara ta 2001. Taken taken jami'a shine "Tabbatar da cigaba da habakar Jihar a cikin sauri". <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/10728.htm | title=Adamawa State University | publisher=www.4icu.org | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cedol.org/partner/adamawa-state-university/ | title=Adamawa State University | publisher=www.cedol.org | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.adamawastateuni.com/ Tashar Yanar gizon Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Adamawa]] [[Category:Jami'a]] [[Category:Gine-gine]] 0oqvq3zdlbmmwfudfunan16g1822ur8 163129 163122 2022-08-02T07:58:10Z Iliyasu Umar 14037 Gyara makala wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa''' tana cikin Mubi, a gundumar mazabar Arewacin [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 2002 a bisa Dokar Jami'ar Jihar ta Adamawa mai lamba 10 na shekara ta 2001. Taken jami'a shine "Tabbatar da cigaba da habakar Jihar a cikin sauri". <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.4icu.org/reviews/10728.htm | title=Adamawa State University | publisher=www.4icu.org | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cedol.org/partner/adamawa-state-university/ | title=Adamawa State University | publisher=www.cedol.org | access-date=8 August 2015}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.adamawastateuni.com/ Tashar Yanar gizon Jami'ar Jihar Adamawa] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Adamawa]] [[Category:Jami'a]] [[Category:Gine-gine]] pxszeorch2mpdzu915xgimde8in19e2 0 19963 163172 86871 2022-08-02T08:33:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Majalisar dokoki ta jihar Adamawa''' ita ce bangaren kafa dokokin gwamnatin [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Adamawa seventh Assembly sets agenda for its operation|url=https://punchng.com/adamawa-seventh-assembly-sets-agenda-for-its-operation/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ochetenwu|first=Jim|date=2019-06-13|title=How Adamawa Assembly finally elected PDP member as Speaker|url=https://dailypost.ng/2019/06/13/adamawa-assembly-finally-elected-pdp-member-speaker/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> Majalisar dokoki ce mai mambobi guda 25 da aka zaba daga kananan hukumomi guda 21 (Mazabar Jihohi). An kayyade kananan hukumomin da ke da yawan mabukata a mazabu biyu don ba da wakilci dai-dai. Wannan ya sanya adadin 'yan majalisa a majalisar dokokin jihar ta Adamawa guda 25. Ayyukan yau da kullun na Majalisar sune ƙirƙirar sabbin dokoki, gyara ko soke dokokin da ke akwai da kuma kula da zartarwa. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-10-22|title=Adamawa Assembly approves 40 new special advisers|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/10/22/adamawa-assembly-approves-40-new-special-advisers/|access-date=2020-06-25|website=P.M. News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-11-28|title=Adamawa Assembly passes bill on free treatment of accident victims {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/250911-adamawa-assembly-passes-bill-free-treatment-accident-victims.html|access-date=2020-06-25|language=en-GB}}</ref> An zabi membobin majalisar na tsawon shekaru hudu tare da 'yan majalisar tarayya (majalisar dattijai da ta wakilai). Majalisar jihar tana yin taro sau uku a mako (Talata, Laraba da Alhamis) a cikin majalisar a cikin babban birnin jihar, Yola. Kakakin majalisar dokokin jihar ta Adamawa na 7 shine Iya Abbas. [[Peoples Democratic Party|Jam'iyyar Democratic Party]] (PDP) itace jam'iyya mafi rinjaye da mambobi guda 13 yayin da [[All Progressives Congress|All Progressive Congress]] ke da kujeru gyda 11 African Democratic Congress tana da guda 1 yana saka su a cikin marasa rinjaye. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-25|title=After Supplementary Elections, PDP Snatches Majority Control At Adamawa Assembly From APC|url=http://saharareporters.com/2019/03/25/after-supplementary-elections-pdp-snatches-majority-control-adamawa-assembly-apc|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-03-26|title=Adamawa Assembly polls: PDP wins 13, APC 11 seats|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/adamawa-assembly-polls-pdp-wins-13-apc-11-seats/mh5erem|access-date=2020-06-25|website=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Gwamnatin Najeriya]] [[Category:Jihar Adamawa]] ny0pwmlb8f99nirhq1r4l14ajm2e583 0 19964 163118 84197 2022-08-02T07:21:43Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Makarantar Kimiyya ta Fasaha ta Adamawa''' babbar makarantar koyarwa ce a [[Numan (Nijeriya)|Numan]], [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], [[Najeriya|Nijeriya]]. An kafa ta a cikin shekara ta 1991 ta hanyar haɗin Kwalejin Nazarin [[Yola]] da Cibiyar Raya Ma'aikata Numan. Sabuwar fasahar kere-kere ta samar da shirye-shiryen difloma na kasa a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, Kididdiga, Akawu, Nazarin Kasuwanci da Nazarin Sakatariya. Kwalejin kimiyya, wanda jihar ke gudanarwa, Hukumar Kula da Ilimin Fasaha ce ta amince da ita. <ref>{{cite web |url = http://adspolyyola.net/ |title = Welcome to Adamawa Polytechnic |publisher = Adamawa Polytechnic |accessdate = 2010-03-24 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090922171022/http://adspolyyola.net/ |archivedate = 2009-09-22 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nbte.gov.ng/downloads/ACCREDITATION_STATUS_OF_PROGRAMMES.pdf |title = Polytechnics in Nigeria |publisher = National Board for Technical Education |accessdate = 2010-03-24 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100920212241/http://nbte.gov.ng/downloads/ACCREDITATION_STATUS_OF_PROGRAMMES.pdf |archive-date = 2010-09-20 |url-status = dead }}</ref> A shekara ta 2007 makarantar kere-kere ta dauki ma'aikata guda 200 wadanda suka dace da daidaitattun al'adu da addinai. Bayan sun kwashe shekaru biyu ba tare da biyan su albashi ba kungiyar ta gurfanar da gwamnatin jihar a gaban kotu inda ta nemi a biya ta albashi da alawus. A watan Disambar shekara ta 2009 babban alkalin da ke sauraron karar ya ba da shawarar cewa wadanda ke azabtarwa da cin zarafi kan malaman ya kamata su daina. A watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 2008 wani kwamitin da ke nazarin kwalejin ya fitar da wani rahoto mai tsauri tare da yin kira ga Gwamna [[Murtala Nyako|Murtala Nyako da]] ya dauki matakin bayar da belin cibiyar daga matsalar tabarbarewar ilimi. Kwamitin ya lura da cewa kwalejin tana da shirye-shirye uku da aka amince da su a cikin 33 da ta bayar, kuma ta bayyana "rashin kulawa, rashin kwanciyar hankali" a tsakanin ma'aikatan da kuma "fahimtar kabilanci da nuna son kai." A watan Disambar shekara ta 2009 ne gwamnatin jihar ta ba da izinin kashe Naira miliyan 20.1 a harabar dakin karatun da gidan malamai da kuma katange makarantar, wanda aka yi watsi da shi tun shekara ta 2001. == Duba kuma == * Jerin ilimin fasaha a Najeriya == Manazarta ==   {{Coord|9|28|1|N|12|1|58|E}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|9|28|1|N|12|1|58|E}} [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Adamawa]] [[Category:Ilimi]] [[Category:Gine-gine]] a9tweyijjtfk9k3hc5pw94jc7cq8myu 0 20561 163124 152972 2022-08-02T07:49:35Z Idris sanusi 14022 Karamin gyara wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na WHO, wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHA), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na League of Nations "Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da Classididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar duniya, sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam da lafiyar su.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta WHO ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta WHO ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Sanitary na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Sanitary na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓin zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Sanitary na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == 9saxgphm6r49lk47tq1ryizk0mtxdyf 163128 163124 2022-08-02T07:58:05Z Idris sanusi 14022 Kari wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da Classididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar duniya, sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam da lafiyar su.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta WHO ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta WHO ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Sanitary na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Sanitary na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓin zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Sanitary na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == oncdr4hz5f40g8mu1awjwl5pf31fnb7 163132 163128 2022-08-02T07:59:38Z Idris sanusi 14022 Ragi wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da Classididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar duniya, sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta WHO ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta WHO ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Sanitary na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Sanitary na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓin zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Sanitary na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == twiwsefmhrw9s488il2pgw0rn77bgns 163133 163132 2022-08-02T08:00:08Z Idris sanusi 14022 Kari wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da Classididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar duniya, sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta WHO ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Sanitary na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Sanitary na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓin zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Sanitary na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == agkzlybgu0fbdellxdma5xvhro33xi6 163135 163133 2022-08-02T08:01:47Z Idris sanusi 14022 Kari wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da Classididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar duniya, sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ta duniya, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Sanitary na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Sanitary na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓin zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Sanitary na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == dzm4e8c4i5wsmatni5yhntqdixxd9xx 163143 163135 2022-08-02T08:06:40Z Idris sanusi 14022 Ragi wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da kididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar duniya, sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ta duniya, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Sanitary na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Sanitary na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓin zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Sanitary na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == eyggt30u758rbx3h7t97arskn1hb617 163145 163143 2022-08-02T08:11:03Z Idris sanusi 14022 Kari wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da kididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar ta duniya, sannan Kuma da sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ta duniya, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Sanitary na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Sanitary na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓin zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Sanitary na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == s82s8vr0grinuk1wzlsp9il0dt0jvxt 163152 163145 2022-08-02T08:18:30Z Idris sanusi 14022 Kari wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da kididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar ta duniya, sannan Kuma da sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ta duniya, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Sanitary na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Sanitary na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == dmxa2xaikm1oh8p4lx6kme4rtbt2zdk 163153 163152 2022-08-02T08:19:27Z Idris sanusi 14022 Kari wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da kididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar ta duniya, sannan Kuma da sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ta duniya, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Sanitary na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == aqbhgq18a8hgkej1rohwnen5sl42bwl 163156 163153 2022-08-02T08:20:54Z Idris sanusi 14022 Kari wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da kididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar ta duniya, sannan Kuma da sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ta duniya, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, kusan kawar da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka ; cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == 91qzpo5wghud8iet79x1qwi8shllbsn 163161 163156 2022-08-02T08:23:26Z Idris sanusi 14022 Kari wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da kididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar ta duniya, sannan Kuma da sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ta duniya, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka, cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na WHO. Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar Nationsinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa WHO.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == ip9xm9ojagwrjtqlzb7u0p3xev54paq 163163 163161 2022-08-02T08:25:05Z Idris sanusi 14022 Ragi wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da kididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar ta duniya, sannan Kuma da sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ta duniya, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka, cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na (W.H.O). Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar dinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa (W.H.O).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ya rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == 2mc865kz7ieqm0gnqea035xg9l1fovu 163164 163163 2022-08-02T08:27:40Z Idris sanusi 14022 Kari wikitext text/x-wiki Hukumar '''Lafiya ta Duniya''' ( '''W.H.O''' ) hukuma ce ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce ke da alhakin kula da lafiyar jama'a na duniya.<ref name="Jan 242">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|title=The U.S. Government and the World Health Organization|last1=Jan 24|first1=Published|last2=2019|date=24 January 2019|website=The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation|language=en-US|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318223306/https://www.kff.org/global-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-u-s-government-and-the-world-health-organization/|archive-date=18 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Kundin Tsarin Mulki na (W.H.O), wanda ke kafa tsarin hukumar da ka'idojin hukumar, ya bayyana babban burinta a matsayin "cimma nasarar dukkan al'ummomin da ke da matukar matakin kiwon lafiya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|title=WHO Constitution, BASIC DOCUMENTS, Forty-ninth edition|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200401095256/https://apps.who.int/gb/bd/pdf_files/BD_49th-en.pdf#page=7|archive-date=1 April 2020}}</ref> Yana da hedikwata a Geneva, [[Switzerland]], tare da ofisoshin yanki shida masu cin gashin kansu da ofisoshin filaye 150 a duk duniya. An kafa (W.H.O)ta tsarin mulki a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, <ref name="conwho2">{{cite journal|title=CONSTITUTION OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION|journal=Basic Documents|date=October 2006|volume=Forty-fifth edition, Supplement|pages=20|url=https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519024329/https://www.who.int/governance/eb/who_constitution_en.pdf|archive-date=19 May 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>wanda ake tunawa da shi a matsayin Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|title=History|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322150616/https://www.who.int/about/who-we-are/history|archive-date=22 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Taron farko na Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya (W.H.A), hukumar kula da hukumar, ta gudana ne a ranar 24 ga watan Yulin 1948. A (W.H.O) rajista da dukiya, ma'aikata, da kuma aikinsu na Kungiyar kasashe"Health Organization da kuma {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} , ciki har da kididdigar Cututtuka na Duniya (ICD). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|title=Milestones for health over 70 years|date=17 March 2020|website=www.euro.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409092050/http://www.euro.who.int/en/about-us/organization/who-at-70/milestones-for-health-over-70-years|archive-date=9 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Aikinta ya fara da gaske a cikin 1951 biyo bayan mahimmin jiko na albarkatun kuɗi da fasaha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|title=World Health Organization {{!}} History, Organization, & Definition of Health|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403063522/https://www.britannica.com/topic/World-Health-Organization|archive-date=3 April 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Babban umarnin na (W.H.O)ya hada da bayar da shawarwari kan kiwon lafiyar ta duniya, sannan Kuma da sa ido kan matsalolin lafiyar jama'a, dai-daita martanin gaggawa, da inganta lafiyar dan adam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|title=What we do|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=17 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200317145801/https://www.who.int/about/what-we-do|archive-date=17 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Yana bayar da taimakon fasaha ga ƙasashe, ya kafa ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya na duniya da jagororin, kuma yana tattara bayanai kan al'amuran kiwon lafiyar duniya ta hanyar binciken Lafiya ta Duniya. Babban littafinsa, ''Rahoton Kiwon Lafiya na Duniya'', yana ba da ƙididdigar ƙwararrun batutuwan kiwon lafiya na duniya da ƙididdigar kiwon lafiya akan dukkan ƙasashe.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/whr/en/|title=WHO {{!}} World health report 2013: Research for universal health coverage|website=WHO|access-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200315231758/https://www.who.int/whr/en/|archive-date=15 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> Har ila yau, Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta zama dandalin taro da tattaunawa kan al'amuran kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Jan 242" /> Hukumar ta (W.H.O) ta taka rawar gani a nasarorin da aka samu game da kiwon lafiyar jama'a, ta duniya, musamman kawar da cutar sankarau, da cutar shan inna, da samar da allurar rigakafin cutar ta Ebola . Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba yanzu sun hada da cututtuka masu yaduwa, musamman [[Kanjamau|HIV / AIDS]], [[Ƙwayoyin cuta na Ebola|Ebola]], [[Koronavirus 2019|COVID-19]], [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]] da tarin fuka, cututtuka marasa yaduwa irin su cututtukan zuciya da kansar; lafiyayyen abinci, abinci mai gina jiki, da wadatar abinci ; lafiyar aiki ; da shan kayan maye . A zaman wani ɓangare na kungiyar Ci gaba mai Dorewa, a WHA, wacce ta ƙunshi wakilai daga dukkan ƙasashe mambobi 194, tana matsayin babbar hukumar yanke shawara ta hukumar. Hakanan yana zaɓa da kuma ba da shawara ga kwamitin zartarwa wanda ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun likitoci 34. Kungiyar ta WHA tana yin taro a kowace shekara kuma tana da alhakin zabar babban darakta, da sanya manufofi da kuma fifiko, da kuma amincewa da kasafin kudin hukumar ta WHO da ayyukan ta. Babban darakta janar na yanzu Tedros Adhanom, tsohon ministan lafiya kuma ministan harkokin wajen Habasha, wanda ya fara wa’adinsa na shekaru biyar a ranar 1 ga watan Yulin 2017. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|title=Dr Tedros takes office as WHO Director-General|date=1 July 2017|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=6 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418200413/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/tedros-director-general/en/|archive-date=18 April 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO na dogaro da gudummawa daga kasashe membobin kungiyar (wadanda aka tantance su da na son rai) da kuma masu bayar da tallafi na masu zaman kansu. Jimlar kasafin kudin da aka amince dashi na 2020-2021 ya haura $ 7.2&nbsp;biliyan,<ref name="Jan 242" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Programme Budget Web Portal|url=http://open.who.int/2020-21/budget-and-financing/gpw-overview|access-date=1 February 2021|website=open.who.int}}</ref> wanda yawancinsu ke fitowa daga gudummawar son rai daga mambobin ƙasashe. Ana tantance gudummawar ta hanyar tsari wanda ya hada da GDP na kowane mutum. Daga cikin manyan masu ba da gudummawa akwai Jamus (wacce ta ba da gudummawar 12.18% na kasafin kuɗi), Gidauniyar Bill & Melinda Gates (11.65%), da kuma Amurka (7.85%).<ref name="gmassess2">{{cite news|title=European governments working with U.S. on plans to overhaul WHO, health official says|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|agency=Reuters|publisher=The Globe and Mail Inc|date=19 June 2020|access-date=19 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620000038/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-european-governments-working-with-us-on-plans-to-overhaul-who/|archive-date=20 June 2020|url-status=live}}</ref> == Tarihi == === Asali === Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya, wanda aka fara shi a ranar 23 ga Yuni na 1851, sune farkon magabata na (W.H.O). Jerin taruka 14 da suka gudana daga 1851 zuwa 1938, Taron Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Duniya yayi aiki don yaƙar cututtuka da yawa, babban cikinsu akwai kwalara, zazzaɓi, da annoba ta bubonic . Tarukan ba su da tasiri sosai har zuwa na bakwai, a cikin 1892; lokacin da aka zartar da Yarjejeniyar Tsafta ta Duniya wacce ta magance cutar kwalara. Shekaru biyar bayan haka, an sanya hannu kan babban taro game da annobar.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|title=The scientific background of the International Sanitary Conferences, 1851–1938|last=Howard-Jones|first=Norman|publisher=World Health Organization|year=1974|access-date=3 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820070452/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/62873/1/14549_eng.pdf|archive-date=20 August 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>  A wani ɓangare sakamakon nasarorin taron, Ofishin Tsaftace wuri don kiwon lafiya na Bankin Amurka (1902), da {{Lang|fr|[[Office International d'Hygiène Publique]]}} (1907) ba da daɗewa ba aka kafa. Lokacin da aka kafa League of Nations a 1920, sun kafa Hukumar Lafiya ta League of Nations. Bayan [[Yaƙin Duniya na II]], Majalisar dinkin Duniya ta tattara dukkan sauran ƙungiyoyin kiwon lafiya, don kafa (W.H.O).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=McCarthy|first=Michael|date=October 2002|title=A brief history of the World Health Organization.|journal=[[The Lancet]]|volume=360|issue=9340|pages=1111–1112|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11244-x|pmid=12387972|s2cid=2076539}}</ref> === Kafawa === A yayin taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan kungiyar kasa da kasa ta [[Szeming Sze|1945, Szeming Sze]], wata wakiliya daga Jamhuriyar Sin, ta tattauna da wakilan Norway da na Brazil kan kirkirar kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta kasa da kasa karkashin kulawar sabuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bayan kasa samun kudurin da aka zartar kan batun, [[Alger Hiss]], babban sakataren taron, ya ba da shawarar amfani da sanarwa don kafa irin wannan kungiyar. Sze da sauran wakilai sun yi lobbi kuma an gabatar da sanarwa don kiran taron ƙasa da ƙasa kan kiwon lafiya.<ref name="Pitt ULS2">[http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141 Sze Szeming Papers, 1945–2014, UA.90.F14.1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170101222750/http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=ascead;cc=ascead;q1=Szeming%20Sze;rgn=main;view=text;didno=US-PPiU-ua90f141|date=1 January 2017}}, University Archives, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh.</ref> Amfani da kalmar "duniya", maimakon "na duniya", ya jaddada ainihin yanayin duniya na abin da ƙungiyar ke neman cimmawa.<ref name="bmj19482">{{cite journal|title=World Health Organization|journal=The British Medical Journal|volume=2|number=4570|date=7 August 1948|pages=302–303|jstor=25364565|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.4570.302|pmc=1614381}}</ref> Tsarin mulki na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta rattaba hannu ga dukkan kasashe 51 na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, da wasu kasashe 10, a ranar 22 ga Yulin 1946.<ref name="chronicle_19472">{{cite journal|title=The Move towards a New Health Organization: International Health Conference|journal=Chronicle of the World Health Organization|volume=1|issue=1–2|pages=6–11|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf|year=1947|access-date=18 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 August 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809031008/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hist/chronicles/chronicle_1947.pdf}}</ref> Ta haka ne ta zama hukuma ta musamman ta musamman ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya wacce kowane memba ya yi rajista da ita.<ref name="shimkin2">{{cite journal|title=The World Health Organization|first=Michael B.|last=Shimkin|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]|volume=104|number=2700|date=27 September 1946|pages=281–283|jstor=1674843|doi=10.1126/science.104.2700.281|pmid=17810349|citeseerx=10.1.1.1016.3166|bibcode=1946Sci...104..281S}}</ref> Tsarin mulkinta ya fara aiki bisa ƙa'ida a ranar farko [[Ranar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya|ta Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] a ranar 7 ga Afrilu 1948, lokacin da ƙasa memba na 26 ta amince da shi.<ref name="chronicle_19472" /> Taron farko na [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya ya]] gama a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1948, bayan da ya sami kasafin {{US$|5 million}}(sannan GB£1,250,000 ) na shekara 1949. [[Andrija amptampar|Andrija Štampar]] shi ne shugaban Majalisar na farko, kuma [[G. Brock Chisholm]] an nada shi darekta-janar na WHO, bayan ya yi aiki a matsayin babban sakatare a lokacin shirin. <ref name="bmj19482" /> Abubuwan da ta sa a gaba sun hada da kula da yaduwar [[Cutar zazzaɓin cizon sauro|zazzabin cizon sauro]], [[Tibi|tarin fuka]] da [[Kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar jima'i|cututtukan da ake yadawa ta hanyar jima'i]], da inganta [[Lafiyar yara|kiwon lafiyar]] [[Lafiyar uwa|mata]] da kananan yara, abinci mai gina jiki da tsaftar muhalli.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Origins, history, and achievements of the World Health Organization|journal=BMJ|pmc=1985854|pmid=4869199|volume=2|issue=5600|year=1968|first=Charles|last=J|pages=293–296|doi=10.1136/bmj.2.5600.293}}</ref>Dokar ta ta farko da ta shafi doka ita ce game da tattara ƙididdigar ƙididdiga kan yaduwa da cutar cuta. <ref name="bmj1948">{{Cite journal}}</ref> Alamar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta nuna [[Sanda na Asclepius|sandar Asclepius]] a matsayin alama ta warkarwa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.who.org.ph/|title=World Health Organization Philippines|publisher=WHO|access-date=27 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425235921/http://www.who.org.ph/|archive-date=25 April 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> === Ayyuka === === IAEA - Yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 === [[File:Alexei_Yablokov,_Rosa_Goncharova,_Vassili_Nesterenko.jpg|right|thumb|[[Alexey Yablokov]] (hagu) da [[Vassili Nesterenko]] (mafi nisa daga dama) suna zanga-zanga a gaban hedkwatar Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya da ke Geneva, Switzerland a 2008.]] [[File:Devant_OMS_5.jpg|right|thumb|Zanga-zanga a ranar [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|bala'in Chernobyl]] kusa da WHO a [[Geneva]]]] A cikin 1959, WHO ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar WHA 12-40 tare da [[Hukumar Makamashin Nukiliya ta Duniya]] (IAEA), wacce ke cewa:<ref name=":02">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref> Yanayin wannan bayanin ya sa wasu kungiyoyi da masu fafutuka ciki har da [[Mata a Turai don Makoma ɗaya|Mata a Turai don Makoma daya sun]] yi ikirarin cewa WHO ta takaita ne a cikin ikon ta na binciken [[Ciwon radiation mai yawa|illolin da ke tattare da lafiyar bil'adama na radiation]] da amfani da karfin [[makamashin nukiliya|nukiliya]] da ci gaba da [[Lissafin bala'in nukiliya da abubuwan da suka faru na rediyo|bala'in nukiliya]] a [[Bala'i na Chernobyl|Chernobyl]] da [[Bala'in nukiliyar Fukushima|Fukushima]] . Sun yi imani cewa dole ne WHO ta sake dawo da abin da suke gani a matsayin 'yanci.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|title=World Health Organization Accomodates <nowiki>[sic]</nowiki> Atomic Agency|date=3 June 2007|work=Activist Magazine|access-date=27 March 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928232353/http://www.activistmagazine.com/index2.php?option=com_content&do_pdf=1&id=703|archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref><ref name=":03">{{cite web|last=Independence for WHO|title=Appeal by Health Professionals for Independence of the World Health Organization|url=http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726185407/http://www.ippnw-europe.org/commonFiles/pdfs/Atomenergie/appeal_healthprofessionals.pdf|archive-date=26 July 2011|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Women in Europe for a Common Future|title=Open letter on the WHO/IAEA Agreement of 1959|url=http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|access-date=19 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720173738/http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/04/letterIAEA-WHO.pdf|archive-date=20 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref>WHO mai zaman kanta ta gudanar da taron mako mako daga 2007 zuwa 2017 a gaban hedkwatar WHO. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://independentwho.org/en/|title=The World Health Organisation (WHO) is failing in its duty to protect those populations who are victims of radioactive contamination.|date=2020|website=IndependentWHO|language=en-US|access-date=8 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200323034159/http://independentwho.org/en/|archive-date=23 March 2020|url-status=live}}</ref>Koyaya, kamar yadda Foreman ya nuna<ref>M.R.StJ. Foreman, Cogent Chemistry, Reactor accident chemistry an update, 2018, 10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944, https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112842/https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23312009.2018.1450944|date=13 September 2018}}</ref> a cikin sakin layi na 2 ya ce: An nuna rubutu mai mahimmanci a sarari, yarjejeniyar a sakin layi na 2 ta bayyana cewa WHO na da 'yanci yin kowane aiki da ya shafi kiwon lafiya. === Tarihin aiki na WHO === [[File:Directors_of_Global_Smallpox_Eradication_Program.jpg|thumb|Tsoffin daraktoci na [[Kananan Yara|shirin kawar]] da cutar kanana a duniya sun karanta labarin cewa an kawar da cutar shan inna a duniya, 1980]] '''1948:''' WHO ta kafa sabis na bayani game da [[Epidemiology|annoba]] [[Telex|ta hanyar telex]], kuma a shekara ta 1950 an [[Tibi|fara aikin rigakafin tarin fuka]] da yawa ta amfani da [[Alurar rigakafin BCG|allurar rigakafin BCG]] . '''1955:''' An ƙaddamar da shirin kawar da zazzabin cizon sauro, kodayake daga baya an canza shi cikin haƙiƙa. 1955 ya ga rahoto na farko game da [[Ciwon suga|cutar siga]] da kirkirar [[International Agency for Research on Cancer|Hukumar Kula da Ciwon Kansa ta Duniya]] .<ref name="at602">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1958:''' [[Viktor Zhdanov]], Mataimakin Ministan Lafiya na [[Tarayyar Sobiyet|USSR]], ya yi kira ga [[Majalisar Lafiya ta Duniya|Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya]] da ta gudanar da wani shiri na duniya don [[Kawar da cututtuka masu yaduwa|kawar da]] cutar shan inna, wanda ya haifar da Kuduri WHA11.54.<ref name="Fenner22">{{cite book|last=Fenner|first=Frank|title=Smallpox and Its Eradication|series=History of International Public Health|volume=6|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|year=1988|chapter=Development of the Global Smallpox Eradication Programme|chapter-url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/smallpox/9241561106_chp9.pdf|pages=366–418|isbn=978-92-4-156110-5}}</ref> '''1966:''' WHO ta dauke hedkwatarta daga reshen Ariana a [[Fadar Al’umma|Fadar Kasashen Duniya]] zuwa wani sabon HQ da aka gina a wani wuri a Geneva.<ref name="at603">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|title=Construction of the main WHO building|year=2016|website=who.int|publisher=WHO|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180611011659/http://www.who.int/archives/exhibits/galleries/building/en/|archive-date=11 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=11 June 2018}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙarfafa kamfen kawar da cutar shan inna ta duniya ta hanyar ba da gudummawar $ 2.4&nbsp;miliyan a kowace shekara don ƙoƙari da kuma amfani da sabuwar [[Kula da cututtuka|hanyar sa ido game da cututtuka]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|first=Vladimír|last=Zikmund|title=Karel Raška and Smallpox|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=55–56|date=March 2010|pmid=20586232|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215018/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-10-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|last1=Holland|first=Walter W.|title=Karel Raška – The Development of Modern Epidemiology. The role of the IEA|journal=Central European Journal of Public Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=57–60|date=March 2010|pmid=20586233|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011215323/http://www1.szu.cz/svi/cejph/archiv/2010-1-11-full.pdf|archive-date=11 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>a daidai lokacin da mutane miliyan 2 ke mutuwa daga cutar shan inna a shekara.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Greenspan|first1=Jesse|title=The Rise and Fall of Smallpox|url=https://www.history.com/news/the-rise-and-fall-of-smallpox|website=History|access-date=26 January 2021|date=7 May 2015}}</ref> Matsalar farko da ƙungiyar WHO ta fuskanta ita ce rashin isasshen rahoto game da ƙananan cututtukan. WHO ta kafa cibiyar sadarwa na masu ba da shawara wadanda suka taimaka wa kasashe wajen kafa ayyukan sa ido da tsare abubuwa.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Orenstein|first1=Walter A.|last2=Plotkin|first2=Stanley A.|title=Vaccines|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|publisher=W.B. Saunders Co|location=Philadelphia|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7216-7443-8|access-date=18 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090212062827/http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?highlight=smallpox&rid=vacc.section.45#47|archive-date=12 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> WHO din kuma ta taimaka wajen dakile barkewar cutar Turai ta karshe a cikin [[Barkewar cutar sankarau a shekarar 1972 a cikin Yugoslavia|Yugoslavia a shekarar 1972]] .<ref>{{cite web|first=Colette|last=Flight|date=17 February 2011|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|title=Smallpox: Eradicating the Scourge|work=BBC History|access-date=24 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214152400/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/empire_seapower/smallpox_03.shtml|archive-date=14 February 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> Bayan sama da shekaru 20 na yaki da cutar shan inna, WHO ta bayyana a 1979 cewa an kawar da cutar - cuta ta farko a tarihi da kokarin dan adam ya kawar da ita.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|title=Anniversary of smallpox eradication|website=WHO Media Centre|date=18 June 2010|access-date=11 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617073353/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/multimedia/podcasts/2010/smallpox_20100618/en/|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1967:''' WHO ta ƙaddamar da Shirin na Musamman don Bincike da Horarwa a cikin [[Cututuka masu zafi|Cututtukan Tropical]] kuma Majalisar Kiwon Lafiya ta Duniya ta jefa ƙuri'a don zartar da ƙuduri kan Rigakafin Rashin Lafiya da Sake Gyarawa, tare da mai da hankali kan kulawar da ke cikin al'umma. '''1974:''' An fara [[Fadada Shirin kan Allurar rigakafi|fadada shirin kan rigakafi]] da kuma kula da [[Onchocerciasis|cutar kanjamau]], muhimmiyar kawance tsakanin Hukumar [[Kungiyar Abinci da Noma|Abinci da Aikin Gona]] (FAO), [[Shirin Raya Kasa na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya|Shirin Raya Kasa]] na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UNDP), da [[Bankin Duniya]] . '''1977:''' An tsara jerin farko na [[magunguna masu mahimmanci]], kuma shekara guda bayan haka aka ayyana [[Lafiya Ga Kowa|babban burin "Lafiya Ga Kowa".]] '''1986:''' WHO ta fara shirinta na duniya game da [[Kanjamau|cutar kanjamau]] . Shekaru biyu bayan haka aka hana nuna banbanci ga masu fama kuma a 1996 aka kafa [[UNAIDS|UNAIDS.]] '''1988:''' An kafa [[shirin Kawar da Cutar Polio a Duniya]] .<ref name="at604">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''1998:''' Darakta-Janar na WHO ya bayyana nasarorin da aka samu a rayuwar yara, rage [[Mutuwar jarirai|mace-macen jarirai]], karuwar rai da raguwar "annoba" kamar kananan yara da [[Polio|cutar shan inna]] a bikin cika shekaru hamsin da kafuwar WHO. Ya, duk da haka, ya yarda da cewa lallai ne a yi wasu abubuwa don taimakawa lafiyar uwaye kuma ci gaban da ake samu a wannan yanki ya yi tafiyar hawainiya.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|title=World Health Day: Safe Motherhood|date=7 April 1998|publisher=WHO|page=1|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063313/http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/1998/WHD_98.1-13.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2000:''' An [[Dakatar da Hadin gwiwar tarin fuka|kirkiro Kawancen Dakatar da cutar tarin fuka]] tare da shirin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na Bunkasar [[Burin Ci gaban Millennium|Millennium]] . '''2001:''' An [[Kyanda|kirkiro shirin kyanda]], kuma an yaba shi da rage mace-macen duniya daga cutar da kashi 68% cikin 2007. '''2002:''' [[Asusun Duniya na Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro|An kirkiro Asusun Duniya don Yaki da cutar kanjamau, tarin fuka da zazzabin cizon sauro]] don inganta albarkatun da ke akwai.<ref name="at605">{{cite web|url=https://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|title=WHO at 60|publisher=WHO|access-date=31 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617063811/http://www.who.int/who60/media/exhibition_brochure.pdf|archive-date=17 June 2012|url-status=live}}</ref> '''2006:''' Theungiyar ta amince da kayan aikin HIV / AIDS na farko na duniya don Zimbabwe, wanda ya kafa tushe don rigakafin duniya, magani, da tallafawa shirin yaƙi da [[Cutar kanjamau|cutar AIDS]] .<ref>{{cite web|editor-first=Mu|editor-last=Xuequan|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|title=Zimbabwe launches world's 1st AIDS training package|website=chinaview.cn|agency=Xinhua News Agency|date=4 October 2006|access-date=16 January 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091005041107/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-10/04/content_5167991.htm|archive-date=5 October 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3x0e8ut5o3h7rukj4mi2unlil5hdjgk 0 20620 163131 89552 2022-08-02T07:59:18Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola wacce a''' yanzu ake kira da [http://mautech.edu.ng Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola], babbar [[jami'a]] ce mai zurfin bincike da ke Girei wani gari a [[Adamawa|jihar Adamawa]] dake Arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]]. Tana ɗaya daga tsarin jami'o'in gwamnatin tarayya guda 27 kuma ɗaya daga cikin jami'o'in 4 na fasaha na tarayya da aka kafa tare da manufar kawai don haɓaka tushen ilimin kimiyya. Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola ta sami amincewar Hukumar Kula da Jami'o'in Kasa . Jami'ar na ba da aboki, digiri, na biyu, da kuma digiri na PhD . == Bayan Fage == A 1980, Gwamnatin Tarayyar Najeriya dangane da bukatar da ake da ita a kasar nan na samun kwararrun ma'aikata, ta kafa wasu Jami'oi bakwai wadanda za su kasance a Abeokuta, Akure, Bauchi, Makurdi, Minna, Owerri da Yola Farfesa Ethelbert N. Chukwu, masanin lissafi kuma ma’aikacin Jami’ar Jos an nada shi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami’ar Yola na farko a 1981. Mai martaba, Alhaji Kabir Usman, Sarkin Katsina, ya zama Kansila na farko yayin da mai martaba, Alhaji Kabir Umar, Sarkin Katagum, aka nada Pro-Kansila da Shugaban Karamar Hukumar. A shekarar 1983, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) ta karɓi rukunin farko na ɗalibai 214 a yayin zaman karatun 1982/83 zuwa Makarantar Kimiyyar Gudanarwa da Tsarin Kimiyyar Remedial. [[Muhammadu Buhari|A watan Yunin 1984, Gwamnatin Tarayya ta Gwamnatin Tarayya karkashin Janar Buhari ta]] hade da Jami’ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) da Jami’ar Maiduguri, kuma har yanzu ana kiranta da suna Modibbo Adama College, Jami’ar Maiduguri. An tura mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar daga Jami'ar Maiduguri don ya jagoranci kwalejin. A cikin 1986, Gwamnatin Soja ta Tarayya a karkashin Janar [[Ibrahim Babangida]] saboda bukatar da ake da ita na samar da karfi na mutane da ke da alaka da kere-kere, ta fitar da doka mai lamba No.13 1986 inda aka lalata Jami'oi biyar kuma aka kafa su Jami'o'in Fasaha na Tarayya. Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya, Yola (FUTY) an cire ta daga [[Jami'ar Maiduguri]], kuma an nada Dokta Tijani Suleiman (daga baya Farfesa) Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar kuma ya fara aiki a watan Afrilu 1988. Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) ta fara cikakken aiki a matsayin Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya kuma ta yaye dalibanta na farko da suka kai 108 a zama na 1988/89. Jami'ar ta fara shirye-shiryen karatun digiri a karkashin makarantu hudu wadanda suka hada da: Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha (SSTE), Makarantar Injiniya da Fasahar Injiniya (SEET), Makarantar Kimiyyar Muhalli (SES) da Makarantar Noma da Fasahar Noma (SAAT). A cikin burinta na bin babban burinta na farko (fasaha don ci gaba) ta fara ba da kyautar shirye-shiryen Postgraduate ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Makarantar Karatun Digiri na biyu (SPGS) da kuma faɗaɗa tsofaffin makarantu da kafa sababbi. Wadannan sun hada da: Makarantar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Ilimi (SSTE) an fadada ta zuwa Makarantar Tsabta da Kimiyyar Aiyuka (SPAS) da Makarantar Fasaha da Ilimin Kimiyya (STSE) yayin da Makarantar Gudanarwa da Fasahar Sadarwa (SMIT) ta kasance sabuwar kafa. A halin yanzu, Jami'ar tana ba da izinin shiga cikin karatun digiri, digiri na biyu da shirye-shiryen tuntuba ciki har da difloma da shirye-shiryen takaddun shaida, ilimin nesa da shirye-shiryen gurasar. Jami'ar na tallata dukkan shirye-shiryenta wanda za'a iya shigar da dalibai a cikin takardun UME / DE JAMB da kuma a kan manyan labarai na kasa, Talabijan da tashoshin Rediyo, Kwamitocin Sanarwarta kuma ba shakka, a shafin yanar gizon ta. Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) tana da matukar daraja ga rikodin rikodin ta a yankuna daban-daban tsakanin sauran cibiyoyin manyan makarantu musamman a Nijeriya da Afirka gaba ɗaya. Misali, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) ita ce ta farko kuma ita ce kadai jami'a a Najeriya da ke ba da Aikin Bincike a matakin Digiri na farko (kuma tana gudanar da shirin a cikin kwas din har zuwa matakin digirgir). Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) ita ce kuma jami'a ta farko a Nijeriya da ta fara ba da lambar yabo ta digiri na farko a Fasahar Sadarwa da Sadarwa. Duk waɗannan sun jawo hankalin sanannun saka hannun jari daga kamfanoni na gida da na duniya da ƙungiya a cikin tallafin bincike da sauran kayan ilimi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da cibiyar fasahar kere-kere ta CHEVRON, ita kaɗai ce irinta a duk yankin yankin Saharar Afirka, wanda CHEVRON NIG ya gina kuma ya ba da kuɗi. LTD., Ericsson Cibiyar Horarwa da Bincike ta GSM, wacce kamfanin Ericsson, PROF ya gina kuma ya tallafawa. Cibiyar ICT ta JIBRIN AMINU, wacce Ministan Ilimi na lokaci daya, Ministan Man Fetur, Ambasadan Nijeriya a Amurka ya gina kuma ta wadata shi kuma a yanzu haka Sanata ne mai wakiltar gundumar Yola, Hukumar Sadarwa ta Najeriya (NCC) Cybercafé, ayyukan Gidauniyar Amintaccen Ilimi. ambaci amma kaɗan. Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola tana alfahari da wurare da yawa waɗanda ke matsayin bincike, jindadin ɗalibai, da hutu da kuma dalilai na ilimi da horo. wadannan sun hada da: Lodges na Jami'a, Makarantun Firamare da Sakandare, Gidan Baƙin Kasuwanci, Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) Teburin Ruwa, Jami'ar Tarayya ta Fasaha ta Yola (FUTY) Farm, cibiyar bincike ta Ericsson, CHEVRON Biotech Center, Veterinary Clinic and Research Center, Cibiyar Computer, Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya, Cibiyar Koyon Nisa, Cibiyar Kula da Kayan aiki da Horar da Masana'antu, Cibiyar Dalibai, Cibiyar Fastocin Jami'a da dama, Cibiyar Wasannin Jami'a, Cibiyar ICT, da sauransu. Daliban da suka kammala karatu a jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) sun kasance a kan gaba a bangaren halaye da ilmantarwa a bangarori daban-daban na tattalin arzikin Najeriya da ma bayan yankunan Najeriya. Sanannen mutum daga cikinsu shi ne Mista Frank Nweke Jnr., Tsohon Ministan Labarai, tsohon Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida kuma mai ba da shawara na musamman ga Shugaban Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Najeriya kan Jam’iyyun Siyasar Tsakanin. Jami'ar tana da Ofishin Dangantaka na Tsoffin tsofaffi, a ƙarƙashin Ofishin Mataimakin Shugaban, wanda ke ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ag. Mai gudanarwa. Ofishin tsoffin daliban yana da alaƙa ne da ƙungiyoyin tsoffin ɗalibai a duk faɗin duniya don sha'awar Jami'ar ta ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin Tsoffin Jami'o'in Fasaha ta Yola (FUTY) waɗanda ke nan kuma suna tallafawa kafa ƙungiyoyin tsofaffin ɗalibai inda ba sa nan. Alungiyar tsofaffin ɗaliban Jami’ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) suna da hedkwatar duniya a Yola, Nijeriya da ƙungiyoyin tsofaffin ɗalibai a jihohi da yawa a Nijeriya, Ingila, Amurka da sauran sassan duniya. Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) tun kafuwarta a 1983 ta yaye saiti 15 a bukukuwan taro 15 kuma Mataimakin Shugaban Kwaleji biyar ne suka gudanar da ita. Manyan jami'anta sun hada da Mataimakin Shugaban Kwalejin (Kwalejin Ilimi), Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban (Gudanarwa), Magatakarda, Bursar, Daraktan Sashin Tsara Ilimin Ilimi, Daraktan Sashin Shirya Jiki, Daraktan Ayyuka, Daraktan Kafa, Daraktan Rijistar Ilimi, da na Hakika Jami'ar Laburaren. Jami'ar a yanzu haka tana da Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a a cikin mutumin Prof. BH Usman, Farfesa ne a fannin samar da taki da sarrafa taki, wanda kuma ya taba zama Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a (Gudanarwa) a gwamnatin da ta gabata. Tsarin gudanarwa na Jami'ar ya ƙunshi Majalisar da Majalisar Dattawa. Majalisar Gudanarwa ita ce babbar hukuma da ke tsara manufofi a Jami'ar. Yana da ikon yin dokoki don babban tsarin gudanarwa na Jami'ar da kuɗaɗen ta. Pro-Chancellor kuma Shugaban Majalisar a madadin Ambasada Bukar Mele, kuma wasu membobin Gwamnatin Tarayya ce ke nada su, bisa la’akari da cancantar da suke da ita na sanin kwarewar su a bangarorin gwamnati da na masu zaman kansu, yayin da wasu kuma aka zaba daga cikin Jami’ar. watau daga majalisar dattijai, tsofaffin ɗalibai, Taro da Taro. Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a wanda shine Babban Shugabancin Gwamnatin Tarayya ce ke nada shi. Majalisar dattijai tana da babban iko akan duk al'amuran ilimi na Jami'ar. Ya ƙunshi Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'a, a matsayin Shugaba, Mataimakin Mataimakin Shugaban Kwaleji, Shugabannin Makarantu, dukkan furofesoshi, Jami'in Laburaren Jami'a, Wakilan Kwamitin Makaranta da waɗanda Mataimakin Shugaban Jami'ar ya nada bisa ga dokar Jami'ar. Jami'ar tana da yanayi mai kyau mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali, mai sada zumunci da karɓar baƙi da kuma wuraren shakatawa da ayyuka da yawa (wasanni, kulake, ƙungiyoyi, al'ummomi, da dai sauransu. ). Mataimakin shugaban jami'ar na yanzu Farfesa Abdullahi Liman Tukur. Ya gaji daga karshe Mataimakin shugaban gwamnati wanda ya kare a watan Yunin 2019. == Bayani == 1.Jonathan renames Federal varsity, Yola". ''Vanguard News''. 2011-08-05. Retrieved 2020-03-09. 2. Wakili, Abednego (2019-10-23). "Nigerian govt plans to convert MAUTECH to conventional university". EduCeleb. Retrieved 2021-05-25. 3. "10 universities of technology in Nigeria and their rankings". Pulse Nigeria. 2018-04-19. Retrieved 2020-03-09. 4. "About MAUTECH". mautech.edu.ng. Retrieved 2021-05-25. 5. "7-Business: Chevron build biotech centre in Nigeria". www.gene.ch. Retrieved 2020-03-09. 7. "VC's Profile". mautech.edu.ng. Retrieved 2021-05-25. * https://web.archive.org/web/20150426070234/http://www.nuc.edu.ng/pages/universities.asp * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100211204755/http://www.futy.edu.ng/index.html https://web.archive.org/web/20100211204755/http://www.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100211204755/http://www.futy.edu.ng/index.html Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) .edu.ng / index.html] Jami'ar Fasaha ta Tarayya Yola (FUTY) .edu.ng [[Category:Jami'o'i a Nijeriya]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Category:jami'o'in Fasaha a Najeriya]] [[Category:kwalejin Fasaha a Najeriya]] jj1g6ycjpd9ay2lqd1550pvelgliwff 0 21096 163043 162537 2022-08-01T22:41:17Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Humayun Khalid''' (Bengali), Ya kasan ce dan siyasa ne na kungiyar Awami kuma tsohon dan majalisar Tangail-9. == Ayyuka == An zabi Khalid ga majalisar dokoki daga Tangail-9 a matsayin dan takarar kungiyar Awami a shekarata alif 1973.<ref>{{cite web|title="List of 1st Parliament Members"|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/images/pdf/formermp/1st.pdf|publisher=Bangladesh Parliament (in Bengali).|accessdate=6 March 2021}}</ref> == Manazarta == la7xyy0dtl9m0b4ojkvf0tv3po82zau 4 21908 162975 162911 2022-08-01T21:01:50Z AmmarBot 13973 Sabunta shafin sabbin editoci wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan shafin ya na ƙunshe da sabbin editocin da sukayi rajista a Hausa Wikipedia. Robot yana sabunta wannan shafin duk bayan wasu sa'o'i. 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|[[User:E231-200|E231-200]] |[[Special:Contributions/E231-200|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Yuli 2022 |- |26 |[[User:Tsalhat|Tsalhat]] |[[Special:Contributions/Tsalhat|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Yuli 2022 |- |27 |[[User:Yusufabdussalam810|Yusufabdussalam810]] |[[Special:Contributions/Yusufabdussalam810|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Yuli 2022 |- |28 |[[User:Digitalera2025|Digitalera2025]] |[[Special:Contributions/Digitalera2025|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Yuli 2022 |- |29 |[[User:Antimuonium|Antimuonium]] |[[Special:Contributions/Antimuonium|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Yuli 2022 |- |30 |[[User:Mohamed 747|Mohamed 747]] |[[Special:Contributions/Mohamed 747|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Yuli 2022 |- |31 |[[User:Niddy|Niddy]] |[[Special:Contributions/Niddy|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Yuli 2022 |- |32 |[[User:Danmalama|Danmalama]] |[[Special:Contributions/Danmalama|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 ga Yuli 2022 |- |33 |[[User:زكرياء نوير|زكرياء نوير]] |[[Special:Contributions/زكرياء نوير|Gudummuwa]] |Talata, 26 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|[[User:PGT38M|PGT38M]] |[[Special:Contributions/PGT38M|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 31 ga Yuli 2022 |- |69 |[[User:Going Under I|Going Under I]] |[[Special:Contributions/Going Under I|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 31 ga Yuli 2022 |- |70 |[[User:Benjamin Bryztal|Benjamin Bryztal]] |[[Special:Contributions/Benjamin Bryztal|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 31 ga Yuli 2022 |- |71 |[[User:Jessedegans|Jessedegans]] |[[Special:Contributions/Jessedegans|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 31 ga Yuli 2022 |- |72 |[[User:Geopony|Geopony]] |[[Special:Contributions/Geopony|Gudummuwa]] |Lahadi, 31 ga Yuli 2022 |- |73 |[[User:Usman Hafiz Muhammad|Usman Hafiz Muhammad]] |[[Special:Contributions/Usman Hafiz Muhammad|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |74 |[[User:Woody Markus|Woody Markus]] |[[Special:Contributions/Woody Markus|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |75 |[[User:.polishcatsmybeloved|.polishcatsmybeloved]] |[[Special:Contributions/.polishcatsmybeloved|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |76 |[[User:Iball|Iball]] |[[Special:Contributions/Iball|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |77 |[[User:Aboubacarkhoraa|Aboubacarkhoraa]] |[[Special:Contributions/Aboubacarkhoraa|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |78 |[[User:Kelsiesmith7|Kelsiesmith7]] |[[Special:Contributions/Kelsiesmith7|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |79 |[[User:Beryl63|Beryl63]] |[[Special:Contributions/Beryl63|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |80 |[[User:BenitaWikiUser|BenitaWikiUser]] |[[Special:Contributions/BenitaWikiUser|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |81 |[[User:Ishaq ibrahim209|Ishaq ibrahim209]] |[[Special:Contributions/Ishaq ibrahim209|Gudummuwa]] |Litinin, 1 ga Augusta 2022 |- |} nrec0a2uue5m0lvg40d9g1mted3xe8z 0 21973 163034 95673 2022-08-01T22:26:14Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Mujahid Abdul-Karim|image=|birth_name=Benjamin Farmer|birth_date={{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1944|12|26}}|birth_place=[[Waldo, Arkansas|Waldo]],<br/>[[Arkansas]], [[United States]]|occupation=[[Islamic scholar]]|nationality=[[United States|American]]|website=[http://www.masjidalrasul.com/ www.masjidalrasul.com]|footnotes=}} '''Imam Mujahid Abdul-Karim''' (an haife shi '''Benjamin Farmer''', a ranar 26 ga watan Disamba,na shekara ta alif 1944)Ya kasan ce wani [[Afirkawan Amurka|Ba’amurke ne Ba’amurke wanda]] ya musulunta,kuma wanda aka fi sani da sa hannu da kuma “jagorantar” watt Gang Truce na ranar 26 ga watan Afrilun,shekarar ta alif 1992 a tsakanin manyan kungiyoyi hudu masu fada da juna. - Jinin Wuta na Hacienda, Hanyoyin Inabi na Watts Crips, Bounty Hunter Watts Jini, da PJ Watts Crips. Shi [[Liman|limamin]] masallacin Masjid Al Rasul [[Masallaci|ne da]] ke Watts, [[Los Angeles]] kuma shugaban The Imam Mahdi Movement. == Rayuwar farko == An haifi Mujahid Abdul-Karim a matsayin "Benjamin Farmer" a garin Waldo, [[Arkansas (jiha)|Arkansas]] . Yayinda yake dan karami danginsa suka tashi daga karkarar kudu zuwa karkarar arewa, kusa da tafkin Michigan, zuwa yankin Muskegon Heights, [[Michigan]] . Mahaifinsa, Benjamin Farmer (babba), tsohon soja ne kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin ma'aikacin masana'anta. Mahaifiyarsa, Ledora Jackson, ta kasance magidanci, wanda shine babban mai kulawa ga 'yan uwansa goma sha uku. Tun yana yaro, ya girma cikin talauci kuma yana da shekara tara ya zama " yaro mai haskaka takalmi ", yana tafiya a kan layin rarrabuwa ("waƙoƙin jirgin ƙasa") zuwa "sashin farin" na Muskegon don haskaka takalma na "kwata mai haske. " Zai sami kusan dala ashirin a kowane ƙarshen mako kuma ya ba da wani ɓangare na kuɗin don taimakawa da kuɗin gidan. Sakamakon haka, saboda wannan matsanancin talaucin, a cikin 1961, ya gudu daga gida yana da shekaru 16, bayan da ya yi kamar ya biya "lissafin kuɗi" don mahaifiyarsa kuma daga baya ya sayi tikitin bas, yana tafiya shi kaɗai cikin ƙasar zuwa birnin New Haven, Connecticut, don zama tare da dangi. Zai zauna a New Haven har shekaru uku masu zuwa, har sai an nemi gayyatar ɗayan yayansa, Edward, don ya koma [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]] . A cikin [[Chicago]] akwai inda, yayin da yake zaune a yankin Afirka na tarihi na Kudu na Kudu, ba da daɗewa ba Abdul-Karim za a gabatar da shi ga akidun siyasa na ba da izini ga Baƙar fata, ƙudurin cin gashin kai, da haƙƙin ɗan adam, wanda daga baya zai haifar da alkiblar siyasarsa da asalinsa . == Ayyuka == === Partyungiyar Baƙin Black Panther (1967 - 1970) === Ta hanyar kaninsa, Johnny, wanda ya riga ya kasance memba na kungiyar Black Panther Party, ya fara samun ilimi game da mahimmancin karfafawa bakaken fata da wayar da kan jama’a a siyasance. Ba da daɗewa ba bayan haka, Abdul-Karim, ya fara halartar azuzuwan wayar da kan jama'a game da siyasa wanda Pan Black Panthers ke gudanarwa kuma daga ƙarshe ya zama memba da kansa. Zuwa 1968, Abdul-Karim yana magana sosai a harabar kwaleji, yana rarraba takaddun siyasa, zuwa zanga-zangar siyasa, kuma a zahiri ya fara zama a hedkwatar Jam'iyyar Chicago Black Panther. Yayin da yake zaune a hedkwatar Chicago Black Panther Party, Abdul-Karim ya zauna tare da irin waɗannan mashahuran mutane kamar wakilin Amurka na yanzu a gundumar majalisa ta 1 ta Illinois, Bobby Rush (wanda memba ce a lokacin), da Deborah Johnson, (uwar Fred Hampton Jr da matar da aka kashe shahararren Black Panther, Fred Hampton ). === Sauyawa zuwa Watts, Los Angeles & Juyawa zuwa Sunni Musulunci (1970 - 1980) === Kamar yadda Black damisa Jam'iyyar fara samun koma baya, saboda kokari kwakkwance kungiyar ta FBI 's Cointelpro,<ref>{{cite book|last=Churchill|first=Ward|title=Agents of Repression: The FBI's Secret Wars Against the Black Panther Party|year=2002|isbn=9780896086463|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uP8YRoyyNVwC&q=cointelpro+black+panthers&pg=PA63|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jones|first=Charles E.|title=The Black Panther Party Reconsidered|year=1998|publisher=Black Classic Press|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780933121966|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780933121966/page/366 366]|quote=cointelpro black panthers.|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref> Abdul-Karim aka karfafa da dama daga cikin' yan'uwa ya yi da sake zuwa birnin [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, Kalifoniya]] . A wannan lokacin, ƙarshen 1970s, yankuna kamar Kudu ta Tsakiya da Watts, Los Angeles suna sauyawa daga Rightsungiyoyin "ancin Dan Adam "sane" zuwa wuraren shan muggan kwayoyi da ayyukan ƙungiya (galibi sanannun ƙungiyoyin titin nan masu adawa da juna, Crips da Jini ).<ref>{{cite book|last=Bernal|first=Rodrigo Garcia|title=Urban Politics: The Political Culture of Gangs|date=16 August 2006|isbn=9781467804158|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d5nrBKaDJ64C&q=south+central+gangs+1970%27s&pg=PA2|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref> Bayan haka, Abdul-Karim yana ganin yana da muhimmanci a yi aiki tare da matasan Afirka na Afirka ta Kudu ta Kudu ta Tsakiya, musamman yankin Watts (wurin haifuwar tarihi na Tawayen Watts na 1965), waɗanda yanzu ke shiga cikin fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi da ƙungiyoyin titi. . A wannan lokacin na rayuwarsa, Abdul-Karim shima ya musulunta zuwa addinin Musulunci bayan tattaunawa mai zurfi da wani Musulmi mai suna Muhammad Abdullah (mahaifin 'yan wasan kwallon kafa na NFL, Hamza Abdullah da Husain Abdullah ). [[File:Special_Recognition_-_Congresswoman_Maxine_Waters.PNG|thumb| Karramawa ta Musamman da 'yar majalisa Maxine Waters ta bayar]] === Masjid Al Rasul (1980 - A Yanzu) === A 1980 Abdul-Karim ya kafa nasa [[Masallaci|masallacin]], Masijd Al Rasul, a kan Kudu ta Tsakiya. Wannan wurin wurin zai zama wurin taron tarihi da sanya hannu a yarjejeniyar Watts Peace of 26 ga watan Afrilu, 1992, tsakanin manyan kungiyoyi masu fada a ji na Watts hudu - Watts Cirkle City Piru Bloods, Grape Street Watts Crips, Bounty Hunter Watts Bloods, da PJ Watts Crips .<ref>{{cite book|last=Chang|first=Jeff|authorlink=Jeff Chang (journalist)|title=Can't Stop Won't Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation|date=April 2007|isbn=9781429902694|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LwaXZpD11ukC&q=can%27t+stop+won%27t+stop+masjid+al+rasul&pg=PA360|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref> === Canza Sheka zuwa Musulunci (1982 - 1983) === Bayan kafa Masjid Al Rasul a 1980, Abdul-Karim ya yanke shawara, wanda ya samo asali ne daga hadisan Annabin [[Musulunci]], [[Muhammad]], wanda ya yi aiki don samar da dawwamammen zaman lafiya tsakanin kabilun biyu masu fada da juna a cikin garin Musulunci mai tsarki [[Madinah|Madina]] ( Banu Aws da Banu Khazraj - wadanda suka kasance suna fada da juna sama da shekaru dari), cewa burin rayuwarsa shi ne isar da sakon "zaman lafiya" ga kungiyoyin nan biyu masu fada da juna na [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], Jini da Crips . Abdul-Karim ya fara aiki ba tare da gajiyawa ba a cikin ƙungiyoyi uku sanannun rukunin gine-ginen da ke yankin Watts: Nickerson Gardens, Jordan Downs, da Kotunan Imperial . Zai ɗauki kimanin shekaru 12 na tattaunawa da shugabannin ƙungiyoyin masu adawa don ganin mafarkin yin sulhu a Masallacin Al Rasul. A wannan lokacin na taimakon al'ummarsa, bayan ya musulunta, ya kuma fara haduwa da [[Iran|daliban Iraniyawa]] da yawa wadanda a lokacin suke halartar UCLA kuma suna halartar sallar Juma'a a kai a kai a masallacin. Wadannan daliban sun kasance mabiya [[Shi'a|mazhabar mazhabar]] Musulunci ne kuma suka ba shi littafi don karantawa game da jikan [[Annabawa a Musulunci|Annabin Musulunci]], [[Muhammad]], [[Alhusain ɗan Ali|Hussain bn Ali]] . Bayan ya karanta wannan littafin, kuma ya gamsu da ingancin [[Shi'a|makarantar Shi'a]] ta Islama ta wasu hujjoji, Abdul-Karim ya yanke shawarar cewa zai canza masallacinsa zuwa dan asalin Ba'amurke dan asalin Ba'amurke da ke gudanar da [[Shi'a|masallacin Shi'a]] a Amurka. === Balaguro zuwa :asashen waje: Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran (1983 - 1990) === A tsakanin lokacin daga 1983-1989, Abdul-Karim ya ga ya dace ya je garin makarantar hauza mai tsarki ta [[Qom|Qom, Iran]] don ci gaba da bunkasa iliminsa na Islama. Yayin da yake makarantar hauza a [[Qom|Kum]], an gayyaci Abdul-Karim kuma ya iya zama a kan laccoci da jawabai da yawa da marigayi shugaban [[Iran|Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran]], [[Khomeini|Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini ya gabatar]], kuma ya sami damar yin tarurruka da Shugaban na wancan lokacin. Iran, [[Ali Khamenei|Ayatollah Ali Khamenei]] (babban shugaban Iran a yanzu), Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati, da kuma Shugaban Iran da suka gabata, Mohammad Khatami . Koyaya, a cikin 1990, an tilasta Abdul-Karim komawa Amurka don ci gaba da aikin “ginin” dorewar zaman lafiya tsakanin shugabannin ƙungiyoyi a cikin yankin Watts na Los Angeles, California. === Watts "Jini da Crips" Tsaran Zaman Lafiya (Afrilu 26, 1992 - Yanzu) === An sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Watts mai tarihi a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1992 bayan an gudanar da taro cikin nasara a Masjid Al Rasul. == Kyaututtuka na Musamman, Girmamawa, da Ganowa == * '''''Ambasada na Peace Peace''''' wanda Sanata Roderick Wright ya gabatar * '''''Amincewa ta Musamman''''' don asalin Watts Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta 'yar majalisa Maxine Waters * '''''Takardar shedar Ganowa''''' ga 20th Anniversary of Watts Treaty Peace by Councilman Joe Buscaino * Mai ba da shawara ga al'umma a baya ga Cibiyar Kiwon Lafiya ta King-Drew na Los Angeles, California == Masjid Al Rasul cikin Kyakkyawan Art == Shahararren mai daukar hoton launi na Amurka Joel Sternfeld ya hada hoton ciki na Masjid Al Rasul (bayan sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Watts Peace ta tarihi) a cikin littafinsa, ''A Wannan Shafin: Yankin Kasa a Memoriam (1997).<ref>{{cite book|last=Sternfeld|first=Joel|title=On this Site: Landscape in Memoriam|year=1996|isbn=9780811814485|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4szAQAAIAAJ&q=on+this+site+joel+sternfeld|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref>'' Daga baya an ba da wannan hoto zuwa sanannen Cibiyar Nazarin Art ta Chicago.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chicago Art Institute|url=http://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/147220|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref> === Sharhi akan Joel Sternfeld Masjid Al Rasul Hoto === An rubuta sharhi game da hoton Joel Sternfeld na cikin Masjid Al Rasul. Mai sukar fasaha, Geoff Dyer, ya faɗi abu mai zuwa game da wahayi da ya zana daga hoton:<blockquote>Ofayan hotuna masu motsi wanda na sani shima ɗayan na birgeshi ne: fanko ne, ɗakin ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa tare da kafet mai ruwan kasa da bangon bango. Ya zo a ƙarshen littafin Joel Sternfeld ''A Kan Wannan Shafin'' (1996).<ref name="books.google2">{{cite book|last=Dyer|first=Geoff|title=Working the Room: Essays|date=November 2010|isbn=9781847679666|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcgPMbm9w4sC&q=masjid+al+rasul+joel+sternfeld&pg=PA49|accessdate=2 October 2012}}</ref></blockquote>Dyer ya ci gaba da:<blockquote>Hoton da na ambata a farko wani nau'i ne na rubutaccen rubutu; yana zuwa ne bayan Bayan Kalma, bayan Godiya da sauransu. Dull din yana cikin masallacin Masjid Al Rasul a Watts, inda mambobin kungiyar Jini da Crips, abokan hamayyar kungiyar ta Los Angeles, suka yi shawarwari tare da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar sulhu a ranar 26 ga Afrilu, 1992. A bayan duk abin da ya gabata kafin ''wa'adin'' wannan hoton shine mafi girman kasancewa mai karko, na wucin gadi. Yana ba da tabbataccen takaddun shaida game da imanin Maxim Gorky cewa 'Rayuwa koyaushe za ta kasance ta munana don sha'awar abin da ya fi kyau kada a kashe mutum.<ref name="books.google2" /></blockquote> == Hanyoyin haɗin waje == * [http://www.masjidalrasul.com Masallacin Al Rasul Yanar Gizo] == Manazarta == [[Category:Haifaffun 1944]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9sc1cwafupufav00isehj1m2q708c3u 0 23317 163115 154435 2022-08-02T07:20:11Z BnHamid 12586 /* Rayuwar mutum */ wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abdulganiyu Folorunsho AbdulRazaq''' (AGF) (Nuwamba 13, 1927 – 25 ga Yuli, 2020) shine Kwamishinan Kudi na farko na Jihar Kwara bayan an kafa jihar a 1967 a ƙarƙashin mulkin soja na Yakubu Gowon. Shi ne kuma lauya na farko daga yankin Arewacin Najeriya . Ya kasance shugaban kasuwar hada -hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya daga 2000 - 2003 kuma mataimakin shugaban kasuwar hada -hadar hannayen jari ta Najeriya daga 1983 - 2000. == Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi == Bacho: An haifi Abdulganiyu a Onitsha a ranar 13 ga Nuwamba, 1927 ga Munirat da Abdul Rasaq. Iyayensa duka 'yan asalin Ilorin ne, Jihar Kwara daga Onokatapo da Yerinsa quarters (yanzu Adewole ward, Ilorin-West) bi da bi. Ya yi karatu a United African School a Ilorin daga 1935 zuwa 1936. A 1938, ya fara a CMS Central school, Onitsha kuma ya bar a 1943 a ƙarshen karatunsa na firamare. Ya fara karatun sakandare a Kwalejin Kwaleji ta Kasahari, Buguma a 1944 kuma yana can har zuwa 1945 lokacin da ya tafi zuwa Kwalejin Afirka, Onitsha. Ya kasance a Kwalejin Afirka har zuwa 1947. Ya kasance ɗalibin tushe a Kwalejin Jami'ar, Ibadan (yanzu Jami'ar Ibadan ) a 1948.<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201211270481.html</ref> == Sana'a == An kira Abdulganiyu Folorunsho AbdulRazaq zuwa mashaya a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1955 a Inner Temple, London.  Bayan dawowar sa Najeriya, an mai da shi mamba na musamman na Majalisar Arewa daga 1960 - 1962 bayan samun 'yancin kan Kasar. Bayan haka, ya kasance Jakadan Najeriya a Jamhuriyar Ivory Coast daga 1962 zuwa 1964. Ya kasance dan majalisar tarayya daga 1964 zuwa 1966 a matsayin karamin ministan sufuri na majalisar ministocin tarayya. Daga nan ya zama Kwamishinan Kudi, Lafiya da walwalar Jama'a na Jihar Kwara daga 1967 - 1972. Abdulganiyu ya kasance mamba a Kwamitin Batutuwan Babban Birnin Kasar daga 1973 zuwa 1978 kuma ya kasance memba na Hukumar Shari'a ta Duniya tun 1959. Ya kasance shugaban majalisar kare hakkin dan adam ta Najeriya kuma ya kasance shugaban tun 1987. An nada Abdulganiyu SAN 1985. ==Iyali== AGF AbdulRazaq ya auri matar sa ta farko Raliat AbdulRazaq kuma ta haifi yara shida, Muhammad Alimi, Abdul Rahman, Khariat, Isiaka, Aisha da AbdulRauph. AGF AbdulRazaq ya yi aure a waje da al'adar sa ga wata 'yar Ingila mai suna Loretta Kathleen Razaq, wacce ita ce matarsa ta biyu. Tare da wannan aure, ya gaji 'ya'ya mata biyu da ya ɗauka, ɗa Vincent BabaTunde Macaulay da' ya Clare Louise Macaulay. Yana da 'ya'ya mata uku tare da Kathleen, Mary Yasmin Razaq, Katherine Amina Razaq da Suzanne Zainab Razaq. Yana kuma da wata 'yarsa mai suna Rissicatou daga Benin.<ref>https://www.nigerianmuse.com/20140310181501zg/nigeria-watch/profile-abdul-ganiyu-folorunsho-abdul-razaq/</ref> == Manazarta == jtk7umm2h18uqtloa8pl52lxdt3sxk5 0 23836 163181 107343 2022-08-02T09:33:24Z Freezetime 18371 Fix Dead Links wikitext text/x-wiki '''Godfred Yeboah''' (27 Yuli 1980 - 3 Agusta 2021)<ref>[https://www.ghanasoccernet.com/breaking-news-ex-asante-kotoko-and-ghana-defender-godfred-yeboah-tv-3-passes-away%3famp=1 Ex-Asante Kotoko and Ghana defender Godfred Yeboah 'TV 3' passes away]</ref> ƙwararren ɗan ƙwallon ƙafa ne na ƙasar Ghana wanda ya taka leda a matsayin mai tsaron ragar ƙwallon ƙafa. == Aiki == Yeboah ya buga wa BA United wasa guda ɗaya kafin ya koma Asante Kotoko. Ya shafe mafi yawan aikinsa tare da Asante Kotoko, ya zauna daga 2001 zuwa 2009. Ya lashe kofunan laliga uku a kakar 2003, 2005 da 2007 - 08,<ref name=":0" /> da Gasar FA ta Ghana a 2001.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=3 August 2021|title=Former Asante Kotoko, Black Stars player Godfred Yeboah dies|url=https://citisportsonline.com/2021/08/03/former-asante-kotoko-player-godfred-yeboah-dies/|access-date=3 August 2021|website=Citi Sports Online|language=en-US}}</ref> Ya tashi daga Asante Kotoko zuwa All Stars F.C. a rance a ranar 4 ga Janairu 2008, tare da abokin wasan Asante Kotoko Kobina Dodzie, yayin da dan wasa na uku, Habib Mohamed, ya koma na dindindin.<ref>http://www.waallstars.com/news/read.asp?contentid=68{{Dead link|date=May 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> An ba da shi aro daga Janairu 2007 zuwa Yuni 2007 a Ashanti Gold kuma yana tsaye a nan a cikin Gasar Premier ta Ghana All Star.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Binance Trading Bot|url=https://playonbit.com/trading-bot-for-binance|access-date=2020-08-31|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mutuwa == Ya rasu a ranar 3 ga Agusta 2021 yana dan shekara 41.<ref name=":0" /> == Manazarta == 41980pxnp4g76qzbtqwdtd9kpwcc159 3 27741 162956 152952 2022-08-01T16:34:24Z MdsShakil 13455 MdsShakil moved page [[User talk:Baggaet]] to [[User talk:Ratekreel]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Baggaet|Baggaet]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ratekreel|Ratekreel]]" wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Hulged! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Hulged|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 00:01, 30 Nuwamba, 2021 (UTC) d6p0myq9vj0tq1660t32g0xfz6xnows 0 30664 163036 142114 2022-08-01T22:30:17Z Ibrahim Sani Mustapha 15405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Rukayya Umar Dawaiya''' (an haife ta a ranar 17 ga watan Oktoba,a shekara ta alif 1985) ƴar wasan [[Kannywood]] ce daga [[Kano (jiha)|jihar Kano a]] [[Najeriya]] [[Ɗan Nijeriya|.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Thelegitreports |date=2022-03-12 |title=Rukayya Dawayya Biography, Age, Husband, And Net Worth |url=https://thelegitreports.com/rukayya-dawayya-biography-age-husband-and-net-worth/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=ThelegitReports |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-21 |title=Why I’ll act, pursue political career - Dawayya |url=https://dailytrust.com/why-ill-act-pursue-political-career-dawayya |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Daily Trust |language=en}}</ref> == Farkon Rayuwa da Ilimi == An haifi Rukayya Umar Dawayya ranar 17 ga watan Oktoba a shekara ta alif 1985 a Kano. Mahaifinta hamshaƙin ɗan kasuwa ne dan [[Matazu|garin Matazu]] [[Katsina (jiha)|jihar Katsina]] kuma mahaifiyarta 'yar [[Borno|jihar Borno ce]] . Dawayya ta yi Makarantun Firamare da Sakandare a Kano, ta samu takardar shaidar harshen Larabci a kasar Saudiyya. Dawayya ya kuma samu takardar shaidar kammala Diploma a Mass Communication a [[Jami'ar Bayero|Jami’ar Bayero Kano]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tarihin Jaruma Rukayya Dawayya(Rukayya Umar) |url=https://www.haskenews.com.ng/2021/06/wacece-rukayya-dawayyarukayya-umar.html |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Haskenews-All About Arewa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ina Jin Dadin Yadda Jama'a Suka Karbi Harkar Fim Na Hausa, Har Ma Yara Sun Watsar Da Indiyanci Sun Rungumi Hausa - in ji Jaruma Rukayya Umar |url=https://www.voahausa.com/a/a-39-2005-08-19-voa3-91734809/1370387.html |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=VOA |language=ha}}</ref> == Sana'a == Rukayya Umar Dawaiya ta fara fitowa a fim a shekarar 2000 a cikin fim dinta na farko mai suna "Dawayya" wanda ya sa aka ba ta sunan Dawayya. A shafinta na yanar gizo, ta bayyana cewa ta yi kaurin suna a cikin fim din Dawayya kuma ya kara mata kwarin gwiwar ci gaba da shirya fina-finai. Dawayya ta yi fina-finai sama da 150 a masana’antar fina-finan Hausa. Dawayya jakadi ne a wasu kamfanoni a ciki da wajen Najeriya. Ita ma ƴar siyasa ce kuma 'yar kasuwa.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibrahim |first=Aminu |date=2019-12-21 |title=Dalilin da yasa nake wasan kwaikwayo kuma nake siyasa - Rukayya Dawayya |url=https://hausa.legit.ng/1286521-ina-wasan-kwaikwayo-ina-siyasa---rukayya-dawayya.html |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=ha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-11-21 |title=Daga bakin mai ita tare da Rukayya Dawayya |url=https://www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-50487255 |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=BBC News Hausa |language=ha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Suleiman |first=Faridat |date=2021-07-17 |title=How I made my money in Kannywood - Rukayya Dawayya |url=https://neptuneprime.com.ng/2021/07/how-i-made-my-money-in-kannywood-rukayya-dawayya/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Neptune Prime |language=en-US}}</ref> == Rayuwa ta sirri == Dawayya ta yi aure a 2012 kuma ta rabu a 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-10-09 |title=Auren Rukayya Dawayya ya mutu |url=https://aminiya.dailytrust.com/auren-rukayya-dawayya-ya-mutu/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Aminiya |language=en}}</ref> Tana da da wanda aka haifa a [[Makkah|Makka]] [[Saudi Arebiya|Saudi Arabia.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Blueprint |date=2014-10-27 |title=My ex divorced me through text message – Rukayya Dawayya |url=https://www.blueprint.ng/my-ex-divorced-me-through-text-message-rukayya-dawayya/ |access-date=2022-03-25 |website=Blueprint Newspapers Limited |language=en-US}}</ref> == Magana == [[Category:Hausawa]] [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Haifaffun 1985]] c54599l5l6l3m33y23mz73y4bt79dse 0 32097 162958 162528 2022-08-01T16:51:01Z Jidda3711 14843 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Faycal Fajr''' ({{Lang-ar|فيصل فجر}}; an haife shi a ranar 1 ga watan Agusta shekara ta alif 1988) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa ne]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin ɗan wasan tsakiya mai kai hari ga kulob ɗin Süper Lig Sivasspor.<ref name=":0">Fayçal Fajr Demir Grup Sivasspor'umuzda - Demir Grup Sivasspor Kulübü Resmi İnternet Sitesi". 14 September 2020.</ref> == Sana'a/Aiki == === Farkon aiki === An haifi Fajr a cikin birnin [[Rouen]] kuma ya fara aikinsa tare da kulob din Sottevilais Cheminots na gida. A cikin shekarar 2000, ya shiga makarantar matasa na ƙungiyar kwararru Le Havre. <ref name="fajr_career" /> Bayan shekaru uku, an sake Fajr bayan an gaya masa cewa ba shi da buƙatun jiki don ci gaba da zama. Ya, daga baya, ya koma gida don shiga kulob din garin Rouen . <ref name="fajr_career" /> Fajr ya shafe shekaru biyu a kulob din kuma, a cikin shekarar 2005, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da CMS Oissel. Tare da Oissel, ya taka leda a cikin Championnat de France amateur 2, rukuni na biyar na ƙwallon ƙafa na Faransa. <ref name="fajr_career" /> Bayan wasanni biyu suna wasa a kan babban ƙungiyar Oissel, a cikin shekarar 2008, Fajr ya koma rukuni ɗaya don shiga tare da Étoile Fréjus Saint-Raphaël, wanda aka sani da ES Fréjus. A kakar wasa ta farko da kungiyar, ya buga wasanni 29 inda ya zura kwallaye hudu. Fréjus ya ƙare a matsayi na biyu a rukunin sa, duk da haka, saboda ''Direction Nationale du Contrôle de Gestion'' ''('' DNCG) ta sanya takunkumi a kan kungiyoyi da yawa a cikin Championnat National, an ba kulob din wuri a rukuni na uku. Bayan ya taka leda a matsayin maye a kakar farko da kungiyar, Fajr ya zama dan wasa a kakar wasa ta farko a kungiyar a National. Ya bayyana a wasannin lig 29 yayin da Fréjus ya kammala tsakiyar tebur. A kakar wasansa na karshe da kungiyar, Fajr ya zama dan wasa na farko a kungiyar. Ya buga manyan ayyuka a cikin bayyanuwa (34) da kwallaye (8). Fréjus ya kammala kamfen a matsayi na shida.<ref name=":1">Fayçal Fajr pour 3 ans à Caen?". Normandie (in French). 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2011.</ref> === Kayin === [[File:Fayçal_Fajr.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Faycal Fajr yana taka leda a Deportivo de La Coruña .]] Bayan nasarar yaƙin neman zaɓe tare da Fréjus, Fajr yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru da yawa, musamman Nice, Dijon, Lens, da Reims. A ranar 18 ga watan Yuli, shekara ta 2011, an tabbatar da cewa zai koma kulob din Caen na Ligue 1 kan kwantiragin shekaru uku. Washegari aka kammala canja wurin. Fajr da aka sanyawa riga mai lambar 29 shirt da kuma lokaci guda sanya ƙwararrunsa da kulob na halarta a karon a ranar 28 Agusta a cikin wani league wasa da Rennes. Bayan kwana uku, a wasan Coupe de la Ligue da Brest, ya zura kwallonsa ta farko ga Caen a ci 3-2. Caen ya koma gasar Ligue 2 a kakar wasa ta farko, amma ya taimaka musu su dawo kakar wasanni biyu daga baya. A cikin kakar 2013 zuwa 2014, ya zira kwallaye 8 a raga a wasanni 35 kuma Caen ya ci gaba da zama babban mataki na Ligue 1.<ref name=":0" /> === Spain === A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni shekarar 2014, Fajr wuce ya likita da kuma kammala tafi zuwa La Liga gefe Elche. Ya fara buga wasansa na farko a rukunin a ranar 24 ga watan Agusta, inda ya zo a madadin Ferrán Corominas a wasan da suka tashi 0-3 da [[FC Barcelona]]. A ranar 6 ga watan Agusta shekarar 2015 Fajr an ba da rancensa ga 'yan wasan ƙungiyar Deportivo de La Coruña, na shekara guda. Gaba da yakin shekarar 2016 zuwa 2017, ya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin dindindin tare da kulob din. A ranar 20 ga watan Yuli shekarar 2017, Fajr ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da Getafe CF, har yanzu a cikin rukuni na farko.<ref name=":2">Fayçal Fajr pour 3 ans à Caen?". Normandie (in French). 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 28 November 2011.</ref> === Daga baya === A ranar 3 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 2018, Fajr ya koma tsohon kulob dinsa Caen. Bayan shekara guda, ya koma Getafe. A ranar 14 ga watan Satumba shekarar 2020, Fajr ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar shekaru biyu tare da Sivasspor na Süper Lig na Turkiyya.<ref name=":0"/> == Ayyukan kasa == An haife shi kuma ya girma a Faransa, Fajr ya fara buga wasansa na farko a kungiyar kwallon kafa ta Morocco a wasan neman gurbin shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na 2018 da Equatorial Guinea a ci 1-0. A watan Mayun 2018 an saka shi cikin jerin 'yan wasa 23 da Morocco ta buga a [[Kofin kwallon kafar duniya ta 2018|gasar cin kofin duniya ta FIFA 2018]] a Rasha. Tawagar kwallon kafa ta Morocco ta buga wasanta da Iran da Portugal da Spain a matakin rukuni. A wasan da Morocco ta buga da Spain Fajr ya yi bugun daga kai sai mai tsaron gida wanda Youssef En-Nesyri ya ci saura minti tara.<ref name=":1"/> == Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki == === Kulob === {{Updated|20 May 2017}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/faycal-fajr/87547/|title=Fayçal Fajr|publisher=Soccerway|access-date=24 February 2014}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |Cup ! colspan="2" |Europe ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Fréjus |2008–09 | rowspan="3" |CFA |29 |4 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |30 |4 |- |2009–10 |30 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |31 |1 |- |2010–11 |32 |7 |2 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |34 |8 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !91 !12 !4 !1 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !95 !13 |- | rowspan="4" |Caen |2011–12 | rowspan="3" |Ligue 1 |13 |0 |4 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |17 |1 |- |2012–13 |30 |3 |4 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |34 |5 |- |2013–14 |35 |8 |4 |2 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |39 |10 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !78 !11 !12 !5 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !90 !16 |- |Elche |2014–15 |La Liga |34 |1 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |38 |1 |- | rowspan="3" |Deportivo |2015–16 | rowspan="2" |La Liga |38 |5 |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |41 |5 |- |2016–17 |24 |0 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |25 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !62 !5 !4 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !66 !5 |- |Getafe |2017–18 |La Liga |31 |1 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |33 |1 |- | rowspan="1" |Caen |2018–19 |Ligue 1 |36 |5 |4 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |40 |5 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !332 !35 !30 !6 !0 !0 !0 !0 !362 !41 |} === Ƙasashen Duniya === {{Updated|match played 12 July 2019}}<ref name="nft">{{NFT player|id=61353}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" | colspan="3" |Maroko |- ! Shekara ! Aikace-aikace ! Buri |- | 2015 | 1 | 0 |- | 2016 | 6 | 0 |- | 2017 | 12 | 2 |- | 2018 | 10 | 1 |- | 2019 | 4 | 0 |- ! Jimlar ! 33 ! 3 |} === Kwallayensa na kasa === : ''Maki da sakamako ne suka jera yawan kwallayen da Morocco ta ci.'' <ref name=":2" /> {| class="wikitable" !A'a ! Kwanan wata ! Wuri ! Abokin hamayya ! Ci ! Sakamako ! Gasa |- | 1. | 24 Maris 2017 | Stade de Marrakech, [[Marrakesh]], Morocco |</img> Burkina Faso | align="center" | '''1-0''' | align="center" | 2–0 | Sada zumunci |- | 2. | 1 ga Satumba, 2017 | Filin wasa na Prince Moulay Abdellah, [[Rabat]], Morocco |</img> Mali | align="center" | '''5-0''' | align="center" | 6–0 | 2018 FIFA cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin duniya |- | 3. | 13 Oktoba 2018 | Stade Mohammed V, [[Kasabalanka|Casablanca]], Morocco |</img> Comoros | align="center" | '''1-0''' | align="center" | 1-0 | 2019 cancantar shiga gasar cin kofin Afrika |} == Bayanan kula == == Manazarta == .{{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * Fayçal Fajr at BDFutbol * Fayçal Fajr – French league stats at LFP – also available in French * Fayçal Fajr at L'Équipe Football (in French) [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] [[Category:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba]] 0zzyxriaad48ntn2lyqcaph85y5iyvg 0 32156 162959 158014 2022-08-01T16:52:10Z Jidda3711 14843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}}  '''Cheick Omar Traoré''' (an haife shi a ranar 31 ga watan Maris shekara ta alif 1995) ƙwararren ɗan wasan ƙwallon [[Kungiyar Kwallon Kafa|ƙafa ne]] wanda ke taka leda a matsayin mai [[Mai buga baya|tsaron baya]] ga ƙungiyar Dijon ta Ligue 2. An haife shi a Faransa, yana buga wa tawagar kasar Mali tamaula.<ref>Présentation". www.pierrefittefc.fr</ref> == Rayuwar farko == A cikin ƙuruciyarsa, Cheick Traoré ya taka leda tare da ɗan'uwansa Baba a ƙasarsa ta Pierrefitte-sur-Seine . Shi ma kwararren dan kwallon kafa ne.<ref>Cheik Traoré poursuit son apprentissage</ref> == Aikin kulob/Ƙungiya == Traoré ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar sa na farko tare da Caen akan 16 Yuni 2015. Ya koma Avranches a matsayin aro, kuma bayan nasarar nasara, an canza shi zuwa Châteauroux. Traoré ya yi aiki ta farko a Châteauroux kuma ya sami canja wuri zuwa kulob din Ligue 1 Guingamp, kuma an miƙa shi aro zuwa Châteauroux a kakar 2017-18. Ya buga wasansa na farko na kwararru a Châteauroux a wasan da suka doke Brest da ci 3–2 a gasar Ligue 2 a ranar 28 ga Yuli 2017.<ref>LFP.fr-Ligue de Football Professionnel - Domino's Ligue 2 - Saison 2017/2018 - 1ère journée - Stade Brestois 29 / Châteauroux". www.lfp.fr</ref> Daga shekarar 2019 zuwa 2021, Traoré dan wasan Lens ne, inda ya buga wasanni 15 a kungiyar. A ranar 28 ga Yuni 2021, ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku tare da kulob din Dijon na Ligue 2. == Ayyukan kasa == An haife shi a Faransa, Traoré dan asalin Mali ne. Ya fara buga wa tawagar 'yan wasan kasar Mali a wasan sada zumunta da suka sha kashi a hannun Afrika ta Kudu da ci 2-1 a ranar 13 ga Oktoba, 2019.<ref>Baba Traoré avec les espoirs du Mali !" . www.formationgirondins.fr</ref> == Kididdigar sana'a/Aiki == {{Updated|match played 30 July 2020}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Appearances and goals by club, season and competition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |National Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="3" |Caen II |2013–14 |CFA 2 |16 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |16 |0 |- |2014–15 |CFA 2 |22 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |22 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !38 !0 ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— ! colspan="2" |— !38 !0 |- |Avranches (loan) |2015–16 |National |29 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |31 |0 |- |Châteauroux |2016–17 |National |26 |0 |2 |0 |3 |0 |0 |0 |31 |0 |- |Châteauroux (loan) |2017–18 |Ligue 2 |31 |0 |3 |0 |1 |0 |0 |0 |35 |0 |- |Guingamp |2018–19 |Ligue 1 |20 |0 |1 |0 |5 |0 |0 |0 |26 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Lens |2019–20 |Ligue 2 |10 |0 |1 |0 |2 |0 |0 |0 |13 |0 |- |2020–21 |Ligue 1 |2 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |2 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !12 !0 !1 !0 !2 !0 !0 !0 !15 !0 |- |Dijon |2021–22 |Ligue 2 |10 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |0 |0 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !156 !0 !9 !0 !11 !0 !0 !0 !176 !0 |} == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Soccerway|cheick-traore/318262|C. Traoré}} * {{NFT player|75864|Cheick Traoré}} * Cheick Traoré – French league stats at LFP (archived 2020-01-03) – also available in French (archived 2019-11-08) * Cheick Traoré – French league stats at Ligue 1 – also available in French * Cheick Traoré – French league stats at Ligue 2 (in French) – English translation * [https://www.smcaen.fr/traore-cheik Cheick Traoré] at SM Caen {{In lang|fr}} * Cheick Omar Traoré at L'Équipe Football (in French) [[Category:Rayayyun mutane]] gni547tp9a0n0m3fkddxl0cv4igye97 0 32360 163179 150433 2022-08-02T09:26:55Z 5.160.80.90 Fix Dead Links wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bikin Awubia''' biki ne na shekara-shekara da sarakuna da al'ummar yankin gargajiya na Awutu ke yi a garin Awutu Bereku da ke yankin tsakiyar kasar Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Awubia festival: A celebration of history and identity|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/the-awubia-festival-a-celebration-of-history-and-identity.html|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mensah|first=Abraham|title=MTN Ghana supports Awutu Awubia Festival, assures of supporting 30 more traditional festivities – Skyy Power FM|url=https://skyypowerfm.com/mtn-ghana-supports-awutu-awubia-festival-assures-of-supporting-30-more-traditional-festivities/|access-date=2020-08-31|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 September 1997|title=Awutus Mark Awubia Festival|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Awutus-Mark-Awubia-Festival-1735|access-date=2020-08-31|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-11|title=Awutu Traditional Council rebukes NDC communicator|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/09/awutu-traditional-council-rebukes-ndc-communicator/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> Garin yana cikin gundumar Awatu Senya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-28|title=MTN Ghana supports Awutu Awubia festival|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/mtn-ghana-supports-awutu-awubia-festival/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Yawanci ana yin bikin ne a watan Agusta zuwa Satumba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trading Bot|url=https://playonbit.com/|access-date=2020-08-31|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=People of Awutu celebrate Awubia Festival|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/people-of-awutu-celebrate-awubia-festival-2.html|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ana kuma kiran bikin da bikin Awutu Awubia.<ref>{{Cite web|last=24news-|date=2018-09-08|title=AWUTU AWUBIA FESTIVAL SCENES|url=https://24news.news/2018/09/08/awutu-awubia-festival-scenes/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=24News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Biki == A lokacin bikin, ana maraba baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya kayan gargajiya kuma akwai durbar na sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye-raye da buge-buge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major Festivals|url=http://www.ghanaembassyiran.com/en/page/majorfestivals|access-date=2020-08-21|website=www.ghanaembassyiran.com}}</ref> == Muhimmanci == Ana gudanar da wannan biki ne domin nuna wani lamari da ya faru a baya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Consulate General Of The Republic of GHANA in The United Arab Emirates (Dubai)|url=https://www.ghanaconsulatedubai.com/tourism.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=www.ghanaconsulatedubai.com}}</ref> Yana inganta gasar noma lafiya a tsakanin al'umma da hada kansu. Hakanan yana nuna ƙarshen lokacin noma da lokacin girbin amfanin gona.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Awubia Festival|url=https://www.blastours.com/west-africa-travel-destinations/regions-of-ghana/ghana-festivals/66-awubia-festival|access-date=2020-08-31|website=www.blastours.com}}</ref> An kuma yi ikirarin cewa an yi bikin ne domin tunawa da wadanda suka mutu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Awubia Festival , 2020 - GWS Online GH|url=https://www.ghanawebsolutions.com/serve.php?id=555&d=Awubia-Festival|access-date=2020-08-31|website=GWS Online GH - Ghana Web Solutions Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Awubia festival: A celebration of history and identity|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/485996/the-awubia-festival-a-celebration-of-history.html|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana Festivals – Tour Ghana|url=https://tourghana.com/ghana-festivals/|access-date=2020-08-31|language=en-US}}{{Dead link|date=May 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> == Manazarta == 3obub0ts51wtkk235wmj3kxwog8ld7m 163180 163179 2022-08-02T09:30:10Z Freezetime 18371 Fix Dead Links wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bikin Awubia''' biki ne na shekara-shekara da sarakuna da al'ummar yankin gargajiya na Awutu ke yi a garin Awutu Bereku da ke yankin tsakiyar kasar Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Awubia festival: A celebration of history and identity|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/the-awubia-festival-a-celebration-of-history-and-identity.html|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Mensah|first=Abraham|title=MTN Ghana supports Awutu Awubia Festival, assures of supporting 30 more traditional festivities – Skyy Power FM|url=https://skyypowerfm.com/mtn-ghana-supports-awutu-awubia-festival-assures-of-supporting-30-more-traditional-festivities/|access-date=2020-08-31|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=3 September 1997|title=Awutus Mark Awubia Festival|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Awutus-Mark-Awubia-Festival-1735|access-date=2020-08-31|website=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-09-11|title=Awutu Traditional Council rebukes NDC communicator|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/09/awutu-traditional-council-rebukes-ndc-communicator/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref> Garin yana cikin gundumar Awatu Senya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-08-28|title=MTN Ghana supports Awutu Awubia festival|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/mtn-ghana-supports-awutu-awubia-festival/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Yawanci ana yin bikin ne a watan Agusta zuwa Satumba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trading Bot|url=https://playonbit.com/|access-date=2020-08-31|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=People of Awutu celebrate Awubia Festival|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/people-of-awutu-celebrate-awubia-festival-2.html|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ana kuma kiran bikin da bikin Awutu Awubia.<ref>{{Cite web|last=24news-|date=2018-09-08|title=AWUTU AWUBIA FESTIVAL SCENES|url=https://24news.news/2018/09/08/awutu-awubia-festival-scenes/|access-date=2020-08-31|website=24News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Biki == A lokacin bikin, ana maraba baƙi don raba abinci da abin sha. Mutanen sun sanya kayan gargajiya kuma akwai durbar na sarakuna. Akwai kuma raye-raye da buge-buge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Major Festivals|url=http://www.ghanaembassyiran.com/en/page/majorfestivals|access-date=2020-08-21|website=www.ghanaembassyiran.com}}</ref> == Muhimmanci == Ana gudanar da wannan biki ne domin nuna wani lamari da ya faru a baya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Consulate General Of The Republic of GHANA in The United Arab Emirates (Dubai)|url=https://www.ghanaconsulatedubai.com/tourism.html|access-date=2020-08-21|website=www.ghanaconsulatedubai.com}}</ref> Yana inganta gasar noma lafiya a tsakanin al'umma da hada kansu. Hakanan yana nuna ƙarshen lokacin noma da lokacin girbin amfanin gona.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Awubia Festival|url=https://www.blastours.com/west-africa-travel-destinations/regions-of-ghana/ghana-festivals/66-awubia-festival|access-date=2020-08-31|website=www.blastours.com}}</ref> An kuma yi ikirarin cewa an yi bikin ne domin tunawa da wadanda suka mutu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Awubia Festival , 2020 - GWS Online GH|url=https://www.ghanawebsolutions.com/serve.php?id=555&d=Awubia-Festival|access-date=2020-08-31|website=GWS Online GH - Ghana Web Solutions Online}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Awubia festival: A celebration of history and identity|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/485996/the-awubia-festival-a-celebration-of-history.html|access-date=2020-08-31|website=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Crypto Trade Assistant Bot|url=https://arttechlaw.com|access-date=2020-08-31|language=en-US}}</ref> == Manazarta == koutjyojpk6qp08nzga9dl9usyd36bb 0 34792 162953 2022-08-01T16:26:53Z S.H Ningi 17885 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1003469925|Keeler, Saskatchewan]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|name=Keeler|official_name=|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=[[List of special service areas in Saskatchewan|Special service area]]|motto=|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|city_logo=|citylogo_size=|image_map=|pushpin_map=Saskatchewan#Canada|pushpin_map_caption=Location of Keeler in [[Saskatchewan]]|coordinates={{coord|50.6787|-105.878|region:CA-SK|display=inline}}|pushpin_label_position=none|pushpin_mapsize=200|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name={{flag|Canada}}|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]|subdivision_name1={{flag|Saskatchewan}}|subdivision_type2=[[List of regions of Canada|Region]]|subdivision_name2=Central|subdivision_type3=[[Census divisions of Saskatchewan|Census division]]|subdivision_name3=[[Division No. 7, Saskatchewan|7]]|subdivision_type4=[[List of rural municipalities in Saskatchewan|Rural Municipality]]|subdivision_name4=[[Marquis No. 191, Saskatchewan|Marquis No. 191]]|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=Governing&nbsp;body|leader_name=|leader_title1=|leader_name1=|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=[[Member of the Legislative Assembly|MLA]]|leader_name3=|leader_title4=[[Member of Parliament|MP]]|leader_name4=|established_title=Post office founded|established_date=|established_title2=[[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] ([[Village]])<ref name=Incorporation/>|established_date2=|established_title3=[[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]] ([[Town]])|established_date3=|established_title4=Dissolved <ref name=Dissolution/>|established_date4=December 31, 2020|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=<!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=1.02|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|population_as_of=2016|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=15|population_density_km2=14.7|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=|population_blank1=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=|timezone=[[Central Standard Time|CST]]|utc_offset=-6|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=|postal_code_type=[[Postal code]]|postal_code=S0H 2E0|area_code=306|blank_name=[[List of Saskatchewan provincial highways|Highways]]|blank_info={{jct|state=SK|Hwy|42}}<br>{{jct|state=SK|Mun|643}}|blank1_name=[[Railway]]s|blank1_info=[[Canadian Pacific Railway]]|website=|footnotes=}} '''Keeler''' ( yawan jama'a 2016 : 15 ) yanki ne na sabis na musamman a lardin Saskatchewan na Kanada a cikin Karamar Hukumar Marquis No. 191 da Sashen Ƙidaya Na 7 . Ya rike matsayin ƙauye kafin 2021. == Tarihi == Keeler an haɗa shi azaman ƙauye ranar 5 ga Yuli, 1910. Ta yi watsi da matsayin ƙauyenta a ranar 31 ga Disamba, 2020, ta zama yanki na sabis na musamman a ƙarƙashin ikon Karamar Hukumar Marquis No. 191. == Alkaluma ==   A cikin kididdigar yawan jama'a ta shekarar 2016 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, Keeler ya rubuta yawan jama'a 15 da ke zaune a cikin 9 daga cikin 10 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. 0% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 15 . Tare da yankin ƙasa na {{Convert|1.02|km2|sqmi}} , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 14.7/km a cikin 2016. A cikin ƙidayar jama'a ta 2011, Keeler ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 15, a 200% ya canza daga yawan 2006 na 5 . Tare da yankin ƙasa na {{Convert|1.02|km2|sqmi}} , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 14.7/km a cikin 2011. == Fitattun mutane == * Maurine Stuart, ɗaya daga cikin malaman Zen mata na farko don koyarwa a [[Tarayyar Amurka|Amurka]], an haife ta kuma ta girma a Keeler. == Duba kuma == * Jerin al'ummomi a cikin Saskatchewan * Jerin wuraren sabis na musamman a cikin Saskatchewan == Bayanan kafa == {{Reflist}}{{Geographic location|Northwest=[[Brownlee, Saskatchewan|Brownlee]]|North=[[Craik, Saskatchewan|Craik]]|Northeast=[[Chamberlain, Saskatchewan|Chamberlain]]|West=[[Esbank, Saskatchwan|Esbank]], [[Lake Valley, Saskatchewan|Lake Valley]]|Centre=Keeler|East=[[Sun Valley, Saskatchewan|Sun Valley]]|Southwest=[[Lake Valley, Saskatchewan|Lake Valley]]|South=[[Caronport, Saskatchewan|Caronport]]|Southeast=[[Marquis, Saskatchewan|Marquis]]}}{{Subdivisions of Saskatchewan|villages=yes}}{{SKDivision7}}{{Coord|50.6787|N|105.878|W|type:city_region:CA_source:GNS-enwiki}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|50.6787|N|105.878|W|type:city_region:CA_source:GNS-enwiki}} r2i8ye6w4e2rjvotnkkeech5ys1mbhn 0 34793 162954 2022-08-01T16:28:40Z S.H Ningi 17885 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1085737100|Itaska Beach]]" wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|name=Itaska Beach|official_name=Summer Village of Itaska Beach|other_name=|native_name=|nickname=|settlement_type=[[List of summer villages in Alberta|Summer village]]|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|city_logo=|citylogo_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Alberta|pushpin_label_position=none<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=Location of Itaska Beach in [[Alberta]]|pushpin_mapsize=220 <!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name=Canada|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]|subdivision_name1=[[Alberta]]|subdivision_type2=[[List of regions of Canada#Alberta|Region]]|subdivision_name2=[[Edmonton Metropolitan Region]]|subdivision_type3=[[List of census divisions of Alberta|Census division]]|subdivision_name3=[[Division No. 11, Alberta|No. 11]]|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=<!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=<ref>{{AMOS}}</ref>|government_type=[[Municipal incorporation]]|leader_title=Mayor|leader_name=Rex Nielsen|leader_title1=Governing body|leader_name1=Itaska Beach Summer Village Council|leader_title2=|leader_name2=|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=|established_date=|established_title2=<!--Incorporated-->|established_date2=|established_title3=<!-- Incorporated (city) -->|established_date3=|area_footnotes=&nbsp;(2021)<ref name=2021census/>|area_land_km2=0.26|population_as_of=2021|population_footnotes=<ref name=2021census/>|population_note=|population_total=30 <!-- 2021 StatCan census population only per [[WP:CANPOP]]; do not replace with latest municipal census population count; this municipal census population count can go in the population_blank1_title and population_blank1 parameters further below and can be noted in the article body (so long as it doesn't replace the 2021 StatCan census population in the body). -->|population_density_km2=113.4|population_blank1_title=|population_blank1=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=|timezone=[[Mountain Time Zone|MST]]|utc_offset=−7|timezone_DST=MDT|utc_offset_DST=−6|coordinates={{coord|53.07130|-114.078|region:CA-AB|display=inline,title}}|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->|postal_code_type=|postal_code=|area_code=|blank_name=|blank_info=|blank1_name=|blank1_info=|website={{official website|www.itaska.ca}}|footnotes=}} '''Itaska Beach''' ƙauyen bazara ne a cikin Alberta, Kanada. Tana kan iyakar arewa maso yamma na tafkin Pigeon, yamma da Wetaskiwin . Sunan ya samo asali ne daga ''ispâskweyâw'' (ᐃᐢᐹᐢᑫᐧᔮᐤ), <ref>{{Cite web|last3=Cree Dictionary}}</ref> kalmomin Cree don "manyan bishiyoyi a gefen dazuzzuka". == Alkaluma == A cikin ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na 2021 da Kididdiga Kanada ta gudanar, ƙauyen bazara na bakin tekun Itaska yana da yawan jama'a 30 da ke zaune a cikin 14 daga cikin jimlar gidaje 73 masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. 30.4% daga yawan jama'arta na 2016 na 23. Tare da filin ƙasa na 0.26 km2 , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 115.4/km a cikin 2021. A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2016 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, ƙauyen bazara na Itaska Beach yana da yawan jama'a 23 da ke zaune a cikin 10 daga cikin jimlar gidaje 78 masu zaman kansu. 15% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 20. Tare da filin ƙasa na {{Convert|0.29|km2|sqmi}} , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 79.3/km a cikin 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin al'ummomi a Alberta * Jerin ƙauyukan bazara a Alberta * Jerin ƙauyukan shakatawa a cikin Saskatchewan == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}} == Hanyoyin haɗi na waje == * {{Official website}} {{Subdivisions of Alberta|SV=yes}} adfxri2vpgnbeciyb5g0lkag136jvil 0 34794 162955 2022-08-01T16:30:32Z S.H Ningi 17885 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1092543615|McTaggart, Saskatchewan]]" wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox settlement||official_name=Village of Mctaggart|other_name=|native_name=<!-- for cities whose native name is not in English -->|nickname=|settlement_type=Village|motto=|image_skyline=|imagesize=|image_caption=|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|city_logo=|citylogo_size=|image_map=|pushpin_map=Saskatchewan#Canada|pushpin_map_caption=Location of '''McTaggart''' in [[Saskatchewan]]|coordinates={{coord|49.731|-104.006|region:CA-SK|display=inline}}|pushpin_label_position=none|pushpin_mapsize=200|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name=[[Canada]]|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces and territories of Canada|Province]]|subdivision_name1=[[Saskatchewan]]|subdivision_type2=[[List of regions of Canada|Region]]|subdivision_name2=[[Saskatchewan]]|subdivision_type3=[[Census divisions of Saskatchewan|Census division]]|subdivision_name3=[[Division No. 2, Saskatchewan|2]]|subdivision_type4=[[List of rural municipalities in Saskatchewan|Rural Municipality]]|subdivision_name4=[[Weyburn No. 67, Saskatchewan|Weyburn]]|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=[[Mayor]]|leader_name=Kevin Donald|leader_title1=Administrator|leader_name1=Nichol Lynch|leader_title2=Governing&nbsp;body|leader_name2=[http://www.municipal.gov.sk.ca/apps/Pub/MDS/muniDetails.aspx?cat=3&mun=2101 Mctaggart Village Council]|leader_title3=|leader_name3=|leader_title4=|leader_name4=|established_title=Post office Founded|established_date=[[List of acronyms and initialisms: N#NA|N/A]]|established_title2=Incorporated (Village)|established_date2=[[List of acronyms and initialisms: N#NA|N/A]]|established_title3=Incorporated (Town)|established_date3=[[List of acronyms and initialisms: N#NA|N/A]]|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=<!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=0.69|area_land_km2=|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=|area_urban_km2=|area_urban_sq_mi=|area_metro_km2=|area_metro_sq_mi=|population_as_of=2006|population_footnotes=|population_note=|population_total=114|population_density_km2=183.7|population_density_sq_mi=|population_metro=|population_density_metro_km2=|population_density_metro_sq_mi=|population_urban=|population_density_urban_km2=|population_density_urban_sq_mi=|population_blank1_title=National Population Rank (Out of 5,008)|population_blank1=|population_density_blank1_km2=|population_density_blank1_sq_mi=|timezone=CST|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->|elevation_m=|elevation_ft=|postal_code_type=[[Postal code]]|postal_code=S0G 3G0|area_code=306|blank_name=[[List of Saskatchewan provincial highways|Highways]]|blank_info=[[Saskatchewan Highway|Highway]]|blank1_name=Waterways|blank1_info=|website=|footnotes=<ref>{{Citation |last=National Archives |first=Archivia Net |title=Post Offices and Postmasters |url=http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/post-offices/001001-100.01-e.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061006045957/http://www.collectionscanada.ca/archivianet/post-offices/001001-100.01-e.php |archive-date=2006-10-06 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Government of Saskatchewan |first=MRD Home |title=Municipal Directory System |url=http://www.municipal.gov.sk.ca/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121083646/http://www.municipal.gov.sk.ca/index.html |archive-date=November 21, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Canadian Textiles Institute. |title=CTI Determine your provincial constituency |year=2005 |url=http://www.textiles.ca/eng/nonAuthProg/redirect.cfm?path=IssPolContacts&sectionID=7601.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070911025012/http://www.textiles.ca/eng/nonAuthProg/redirect.cfm?path=IssPolContacts&sectionID=7601.cfm |archive-date=2007-09-11 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=Commissioner of Canada Elections |first=Chief Electoral Officer of Canada |title=Elections Canada On-line |year=2005 |url=http://www.elections.ca/home.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070421084430/http://www.elections.ca/home.asp |archive-date=2007-04-21 }}</ref>}} '''McTaggart''' ( yawan jama'a na 2016 : 121 ) ƙauye ne a lardin Saskatchewan na Kanada a cikin Karamar Hukumar Weyburn No. 67 da Sashen Ƙidaya Na 2 . == Tarihi == An haɗa McTaggart azaman ƙauye a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 1909. == Alkaluma ==   A cikin kididdigar yawan jama'a ta 2021 da Statistics Canada ta gudanar, McTaggart yana da yawan jama'a 125 da ke zaune a cikin 42 daga cikin 44 na gidaje masu zaman kansu, canjin yanayi. 3.3% daga yawan jama'arta na 2016 na 121 . Tare da filin ƙasa na {{Convert|0.75|km2|sqmi}} , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 166.7/km a cikin 2021. A cikin ƙidayar yawan jama'a ta 2016, ƙauyen McTaggart ya ƙididdige yawan jama'a 121 da ke zaune a cikin 41 daga cikin 43 na gidaje masu zaman kansu. -3.3% ya canza daga yawan 2011 na 125 . Tare da yanki na ƙasa na {{Convert|0.69|km2|sqmi}} , tana da yawan yawan jama'a 175.4/km a cikin 2016. == Duba kuma == * Jerin al'ummomi a cikin Saskatchewan * Ƙauyen Saskatchewan == Nassoshi == {{Reflist}}{{Geographic location|Northwest=|North=|Northeast=|West=|Centre=McTaggart|East=|Southwest=|South=|Southeast=}}{{Subdivisions of Saskatchewan|villages=yes}}{{SKDivision2}}{{Coord|49.731|N|104.006|W|type:city_region:CA_source:GNS-enwiki}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coord|49.731|N|104.006|W|type:city_region:CA_source:GNS-enwiki}} 0cfh565zzt5d4mn2yxaand99en5f04f 3 34795 162957 2022-08-01T16:34:24Z MdsShakil 13455 MdsShakil moved page [[User talk:Baggaet]] to [[User talk:Ratekreel]]: Automatically moved page while renaming the user "[[Special:CentralAuth/Baggaet|Baggaet]]" to "[[Special:CentralAuth/Ratekreel|Ratekreel]]" wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[User talk:Ratekreel]] 9qp9bxcandd408fg0asmvmbt7a0up56 3 34796 162966 2022-08-01T21:00:20Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Ishaq ibrahim209! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Ishaq ibrahim209|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:00, 1 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) oochfijg00axrkkz8lt55zdnhdullj6 3 34797 162967 2022-08-01T21:00:30Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, BenitaWikiUser! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/BenitaWikiUser|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:00, 1 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) da7pbenmxv6lqdn67ku1poiwy6uvnuk 3 34798 162968 2022-08-01T21:00:40Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Beryl63! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Beryl63|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:00, 1 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) l90tnklhpe57h079u7g1pxoqyff4y6m 3 34799 162969 2022-08-01T21:00:50Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Kelsiesmith7! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Kelsiesmith7|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:00, 1 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) jz47b4epuqc6co1hhug1ekisv386vos 3 34800 162970 2022-08-01T21:01:00Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Aboubacarkhoraa! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Aboubacarkhoraa|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 1 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) 24w2h95w6kajfbnpvywbcv6p7tsb7tw 3 34801 162971 2022-08-01T21:01:10Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Iball! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Iball|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 1 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) kxszm2n1os987bnwkxpl8acy5yxigea 3 34802 162972 2022-08-01T21:01:20Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, .polishcatsmybeloved! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/.polishcatsmybeloved|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 1 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) t7rsda5wd3zizsiyg1fj0suh6dzo8x7 3 34803 162973 2022-08-01T21:01:30Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Woody Markus! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Woody Markus|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 1 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) jfwbj86z6zk1ntgmanfx9q5otfk5ws0 3 34804 162974 2022-08-01T21:01:40Z AmmarBot 13973 Barka da zuwa! wikitext text/x-wiki == Barka da zuwa! == Ni Robot ne ba mutum ba. [[File:Wikipedia_mini_globe_handheld.jpg|thumb|300px|Hausa Wikipedia na buƙatar gudummuwarku domin ta bunƙasa!]] Barka da zuwa Hausa Wikipedia, Usman Hafiz Muhammad! Mun ji daɗin [[Special:Contributions/Usman Hafiz Muhammad|gudummuwarku]]. Kuma muna fatan zaku tsaya ku ci gaba da bada gudummuwa. Anan ƙasa ga wasu shafuka da zasu taimaka wajen fahimtar Hausa Wikipedia da yadda ake gyara ta: * [[Wikipedia:Gabatarwa|Gabatarwa]] * [[Wikipedia:Tutorial|Tutorial]] * [[Wikipedia:Cheatsheet|Cheatsheet]] * [[Wikipedia:Yadda_ake_rubuta_muƙala|Yadda ake rubuta muƙala]] * [[Wikipedia:Manufofi biyar|Manufofin Hausa Wikipedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Shawarwari_goma_akan_gyaran_Wikipedia|Shawarwari goma akan gyaran Wikipedia]] Zaku iya yin [[Wikipedia:Tutorial/Shafukan_tattaunawa#Shafin_tattaunawa_na_edita|sayinin rubutunku]] idan kuna akan [[Wikipedia:Shafin tattaunawa|shafukan tattaunawa]] ta hanyar alamar tilde guda huɗu, kamar haka (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); yin hakan, zaisa sunanku da cikkaken kwanan wata. In kana buƙatar wani taimako, ku duba [[Wikipedia:Tutorial]]. Na gode. [[User:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[User talk:AmmarBot|talk]]) 21:01, 1 ga Augusta, 2022 (UTC) gymgy3zxdb7jxd9so4xo389joob2s2i 0 34805 163087 2022-08-02T06:58:16Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1027396183|Zubeiru bi Adama]]" wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zubeiru''' ko '''Zubayru bi Adama''' (ya rasu a shekarar 1903) shi ne sarkin [[masarautar Adamawa]] wanda mahaifinsa, [[Modibo Adama]] ya kafa. A lokacin da ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekarar 1890, masarutar ta samu barazana daga Jamusawa, turawan Faransa da Burtaniya. Zubeiru ya yi yunƙurin "matakin nuna rashin amincewa, duk da kwai kishi, amma babu alamar nasar" kan zaluncin turawa na masarautu. == Rayuwa == Mulkinsa ya samu rauni a dalilin yaki da Hayatu bn Sa'id sannan kuma yayi yunkurin bijirewa kamfanin turawa wato Royal Niger Company da gwamnatin Birtaniya a karkashin [[Frederick Lugard]]. A shekarar 1901 an tilasta masa ya tsere daga [[Yola]] kuma ya zama dan gudun hijira. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Haifaffun karni na 19]] [[Category:Mutuwar 1903]] lxyyqhdvmsagq68l5u2zl2wuyvfobta 163088 163087 2022-08-02T06:58:47Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zubeiru''' ko '''Zubayru dan Adama''' (ya rasu a shekarar 1903) shi ne sarkin [[masarautar Adamawa]] wanda mahaifinsa, [[Modibo Adama]] ya kafa. A lokacin da ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekarar 1890, masarutar ta samu barazana daga Jamusawa, turawan Faransa da Burtaniya. Zubeiru ya yi yunƙurin "matakin nuna rashin amincewa, duk da kwai kishi, amma babu alamar nasar" kan zaluncin turawa na masarautu. == Rayuwa == Mulkinsa ya samu rauni a dalilin yaki da Hayatu bn Sa'id sannan kuma yayi yunkurin bijirewa kamfanin turawa wato Royal Niger Company da gwamnatin Birtaniya a karkashin [[Frederick Lugard]]. A shekarar 1901 an tilasta masa ya tsere daga [[Yola]] kuma ya zama dan gudun hijira. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Haifaffun karni na 19]] [[Category:Mutuwar 1903]] fzky5c5sl8xxe2peyein90bq1u9env9 163089 163088 2022-08-02T06:59:17Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zubeiru''' ko '''Zubayru dan Adama''' (ya rasu a shekarar 1903) shi ne sarkin [[masarautar Adamawa]] wanda mahaifinsa, [[Modibo Adama]] ya kafa. A lokacin da ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekarar 1890, masarutar ta samu barazana daga Jamusawa, turawan Faransa da Burtaniya. Zubeiru ya yi yunƙurin "matakin nuna rashin amincewa, duk da kwai kishi, amma babu alamar nasar" kan zaluncin turawa na masarautu.<ref>Victor T. Le Vine (1964). ''The Cameroons, from Mandate to Independence''. University of California Press. p. 41.</ref> == Rayuwa == Mulkinsa ya samu rauni a dalilin yaki da Hayatu bn Sa'id sannan kuma yayi yunkurin bijirewa kamfanin turawa wato Royal Niger Company da gwamnatin Birtaniya a karkashin [[Frederick Lugard]]. A shekarar 1901 an tilasta masa ya tsere daga [[Yola]] kuma ya zama dan gudun hijira. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Haifaffun karni na 19]] [[Category:Mutuwar 1903]] tbndur4h0sw6jt4zj9ytlq2xuhhou6v 163090 163089 2022-08-02T06:59:34Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Zubeiru''' ko '''Zubayru dan Adama''' (ya rasu a shekarar 1903) shi ne sarkin [[masarautar Adamawa]] wanda mahaifinsa, [[Modibo Adama]] ya kafa. A lokacin da ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekarar 1890, masarutar ta samu barazana daga Jamusawa, turawan Faransa da Burtaniya. Zubeiru ya yi yunƙurin "matakin nuna rashin amincewa, duk da kwai kishi, amma babu alamar nasar" kan zaluncin turawa na masarautu.<ref>Victor T. Le Vine (1964). ''The Cameroons, from Mandate to Independence''. University of California Press. p. 41.</ref> == Rayuwa == Mulkinsa ya samu rauni a dalilin yaki da Hayatu bn Sa'id sannan kuma yayi yunkurin bijirewa kamfanin turawa wato Royal Niger Company da gwamnatin Birtaniya a karkashin [[Frederick Lugard]]. A shekarar 1901 an tilasta masa ya tsere daga [[Yola]] kuma ya zama dan gudun hijira.<ref>Mark R. Lipschutz; R. Kent Rasmussen (1989). "ZUBEIRU (d.1903)". ''Dictionary of African Historical Biography''. University of California Press. pp. 255–6. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-520-06611-3|<bdi>978-0-520-06611-3</bdi>]].</ref> == Manazarta == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} [[Category:Haifaffun karni na 19]] [[Category:Mutuwar 1903]] cpvqikrudy89jy9l0ojxxbtvik66ztg 0 34806 163127 2022-08-02T07:56:48Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1098219981|Federal Polytechnic, Mubi]]" wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Makarantar Federal Polytechnic, Mubi''' politakanik ce da ke [[Mubi (Birni)|Mubi]], [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] . Federal Polytechnic, Mubi tana daya daga cikin manyan makarantun gwamnatin tarayya guda bakwai da aka kafa a karkashin doka mai lamba 33 na shekarar 1979. An bude ta ne a watan Agusta na 1979 shekarar da aka kafa Federal Polytechnic, Yola, a gefen dutsen arewacin kogin [[Benue (kogi)|Benue]]. Dangane da umarnin shugaban kasa, an mayar da Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasahar zuwa garin Mubi a watan Oktoba 1982 amma har yanzu tana ci gaba da zama a Yola a matsayin Sashin Ba da Shawarwari wato (Consultancy Services Unit). A Mubi makarantar ta mamaye tsohon ginin Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Tarayya (Federal School of Arts and Sciences). A halin yanzu ana gyara abubuwan more rayuwa na tsoohon ginin tare da gyara su don dacewa da bukatun Polytechnic. Kwanan nan an kammala sabbin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya da injiniyanci, wuraren bita da ɗakin karatu sun taso a bisa tsarin fasaha na zamani. Madaidaicin dakunan bada lacca, rukunin ɗakin karatu, shingen ofisoshi masu dakuna biyu don sashin Business and General Studies, shingen ofisoshi da azuzuwa na sashen Basic & Applied Sciences, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Noma, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Abinci & Fasaha da ƙarin dakunan kwanan dalibai mata da dai sauransu. A lokacin da mayar da ita garin Mubi, ta mamaye ginin tshohuwar Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Tarayya. Polytechnic ta fara aiki tare da shirye-shirye a cikin Nazarin Farko a fannin Kimiyya da Gudanarwa. Wannan shiryayyun kayayyakin koyarwa sun janyo yawan dalibai da suka shiga makarantar don kamma Difloma ta Kasa a fannuka goma da aka bude a makarantar. Waɗannan su ne Fasahar Noma, Fasahar Abinci da Sinadarai, Kayan Aiki da Nazari, Gudanar da Otal da Abinci, Binciken Filaye, Injiniyan Jama'a, Injiniyan Lantarki, Injin Injiniya, Nazarin Sakatariya da Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa. Daga baya aka gabatar da takardar shedar ilimi ta kasa (NCE) a makarantar a shekarar 1982. Shirye-shiryen ta fannin koyarwa a Polytechnic sun ci gaba da girma cikin ladabi amma a hankali kamar zuwa 2006 cibiyar tana da sassan ilimi goma sha huɗu da ɗalibai sama da 3000, sama da ɗalibai 138 a farko. Tun daga watan Agustan 2007, a karkashin jagorancin Dokta Mustapha Mohammed Barau, makaranta ta sami babban ci gaba. Kamar yadda a taron ilimi na 2009/2010 cibiyar tana da yawan ɗalibai sama da 14,000 da shirye-shirye 36 da aka yarda da su tare da mafi yawan kayan aikin zamani don dacewa. Shirin ƙarin makarantu da sassan ilimi goma sha bakwai ya kai matakin gaba. Yawan ma'aikata, wanda a farkon ya kai ma'aikata goma amma a yau sun kai kusan mutum dubu biyu. Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Mubi, ita ce babbar cibiyar ilimi irinta a shiyyar Arewa-maso-gabas, tana gudanar da tsare-tsaren karantu da ke gudanar da shirye-shirye daban-daban a fannoni daban-daban a matakan Difloma na kasa ta gaba, Difloma na gaba, Diploma ta kasa, Diploma da Certificate. Akwai kuma shirye-shirye na musamman da ake bayarwa a yayin dogon hutu baya ga shirin digiri na Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) da aka shirya. Makarantar Polytechnic tana da makarantu shida da Cibiyar Ilimin Harkokin Kasuwanci. Tun farkon kafuwar ta, makarantar ta yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa mutane da yawa tare da ƙwarewar fasaha da na kasuwanci da ake buƙata don yaƙi da rage talauci . Anyi wani kisan gilla a makarantar a ranar 1-2 ga Oktoba, 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Mubi]] [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Adamawa]] mt1k3a48v7pgjwmx40waaosdwaakoer 163134 163127 2022-08-02T08:01:14Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Federal Polytechnic, Mubi''' politakanik ce da ke [[Mubi (Birni)|Mubi]], [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]] . Federal Polytechnic, Mubi tana daya daga cikin manyan makarantun gwamnatin tarayya guda bakwai da aka kafa a karkashin doka mai lamba 33 na shekarar 1979. An bude ta ne a watan Agusta na 1979 shekarar da aka kafa Federal Polytechnic, Yola, a gefen dutsen arewacin kogin [[Benue (kogi)|Benue]]. Dangane da umarnin shugaban kasa, an mayar da Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasahar zuwa garin Mubi a watan Oktoba 1982 amma har yanzu tana ci gaba da zama a Yola a matsayin Sashin Ba da Shawarwari wato (Consultancy Services Unit). A Mubi makarantar ta mamaye tsohon ginin Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Tarayya (Federal School of Arts and Sciences). A halin yanzu ana gyara abubuwan more rayuwa na tsoohon ginin tare da gyara su don dacewa da bukatun Polytechnic. Kwanan nan an kammala sabbin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya da injiniyanci, wuraren bita da ɗakin karatu sun taso a bisa tsarin fasaha na zamani. Madaidaicin dakunan bada lacca, rukunin ɗakin karatu, shingen ofisoshi masu dakuna biyu don sashin Business and General Studies, shingen ofisoshi da azuzuwa na sashen Basic & Applied Sciences, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Noma, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Abinci & Fasaha da ƙarin dakunan kwanan dalibai mata da dai sauransu. A lokacin da mayar da ita garin Mubi, ta mamaye ginin tshohuwar Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Tarayya. Polytechnic ta fara aiki tare da shirye-shirye a cikin Nazarin Farko a fannin Kimiyya da Gudanarwa. Wannan shiryayyun kayayyakin koyarwa sun janyo yawan dalibai da suka shiga makarantar don kamma Difloma ta Kasa a fannuka goma da aka bude a makarantar. Waɗannan su ne Fasahar Noma, Fasahar Abinci da Sinadarai, Kayan Aiki da Nazari, Gudanar da Otal da Abinci, Binciken Filaye, Injiniyan Jama'a, Injiniyan Lantarki, Injin Injiniya, Nazarin Sakatariya da Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa. Daga baya aka gabatar da takardar shedar ilimi ta kasa (NCE) a makarantar a shekarar 1982. Shirye-shiryen ta fannin koyarwa a Polytechnic sun ci gaba da girma cikin ladabi amma a hankali kamar zuwa 2006 cibiyar tana da sassan ilimi goma sha huɗu da ɗalibai sama da 3000, sama da ɗalibai 138 a farko. Tun daga watan Agustan 2007, a karkashin jagorancin Dokta Mustapha Mohammed Barau, makaranta ta sami babban ci gaba. Kamar yadda a taron ilimi na 2009/2010 cibiyar tana da yawan ɗalibai sama da 14,000 da shirye-shirye 36 da aka yarda da su tare da mafi yawan kayan aikin zamani don dacewa. Shirin ƙarin makarantu da sassan ilimi goma sha bakwai ya kai matakin gaba. Yawan ma'aikata, wanda a farkon ya kai ma'aikata goma amma a yau sun kai kusan mutum dubu biyu. Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Mubi, ita ce babbar cibiyar ilimi irinta a shiyyar Arewa-maso-gabas, tana gudanar da tsare-tsaren karantu da ke gudanar da shirye-shirye daban-daban a fannoni daban-daban a matakan Difloma na kasa ta gaba, Difloma na gaba, Diploma ta kasa, Diploma da Certificate. Akwai kuma shirye-shirye na musamman da ake bayarwa a yayin dogon hutu baya ga shirin digiri na Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) da aka shirya. Makarantar Polytechnic tana da makarantu shida da Cibiyar Ilimin Harkokin Kasuwanci. Tun farkon kafuwar ta, makarantar ta yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa mutane da yawa tare da ƙwarewar fasaha da na kasuwanci da ake buƙata don yaƙi da rage talauci . Anyi wani kisan gilla a makarantar a ranar 1-2 ga Oktoba, 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Mubi]] [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Adamawa]] glsjbv02vnurt97u4aksdncv2rekkbd 163136 163134 2022-08-02T08:01:51Z Uncle Bash007 9891 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Makarantar Federal Polytechnic, Mubi''' politakanik ce da ke [[Mubi (Birni)|Mubi]], [[Adamawa|Jihar Adamawa]], arewa maso gabashin [[Najeriya]].<ref>"The Federal Polytechnic Mubi". federalpolytechnicmubi.edu.ng. Retrieved 2014-08-18.</ref> Federal Polytechnic, Mubi tana daya daga cikin manyan makarantun gwamnatin tarayya guda bakwai da aka kafa a karkashin doka mai lamba 33 na shekarar 1979. An bude ta ne a watan Agusta na 1979 shekarar da aka kafa Federal Polytechnic, Yola, a gefen dutsen arewacin kogin [[Benue (kogi)|Benue]]. Dangane da umarnin shugaban kasa, an mayar da Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasahar zuwa garin Mubi a watan Oktoba 1982 amma har yanzu tana ci gaba da zama a Yola a matsayin Sashin Ba da Shawarwari wato (Consultancy Services Unit). A Mubi makarantar ta mamaye tsohon ginin Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Tarayya (Federal School of Arts and Sciences). A halin yanzu ana gyara abubuwan more rayuwa na tsoohon ginin tare da gyara su don dacewa da bukatun Polytechnic. Kwanan nan an kammala sabbin dakunan gwaje-gwaje na kimiyya da injiniyanci, wuraren bita da ɗakin karatu sun taso a bisa tsarin fasaha na zamani. Madaidaicin dakunan bada lacca, rukunin ɗakin karatu, shingen ofisoshi masu dakuna biyu don sashin Business and General Studies, shingen ofisoshi da azuzuwa na sashen Basic & Applied Sciences, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Noma, Cibiyar Kimiyyar Abinci & Fasaha da ƙarin dakunan kwanan dalibai mata da dai sauransu. A lokacin da mayar da ita garin Mubi, ta mamaye ginin tshohuwar Makarantar Fasaha da Kimiyya ta Tarayya. Polytechnic ta fara aiki tare da shirye-shirye a cikin Nazarin Farko a fannin Kimiyya da Gudanarwa. Wannan shiryayyun kayayyakin koyarwa sun janyo yawan dalibai da suka shiga makarantar don kamma Difloma ta Kasa a fannuka goma da aka bude a makarantar. Waɗannan su ne Fasahar Noma, Fasahar Abinci da Sinadarai, Kayan Aiki da Nazari, Gudanar da Otal da Abinci, Binciken Filaye, Injiniyan Jama'a, Injiniyan Lantarki, Injin Injiniya, Nazarin Sakatariya da Gudanar da Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa. Daga baya aka gabatar da takardar shedar ilimi ta kasa (NCE) a makarantar a shekarar 1982. Shirye-shiryen ta fannin koyarwa a Polytechnic sun ci gaba da girma cikin ladabi amma a hankali kamar zuwa 2006 cibiyar tana da sassan ilimi goma sha huɗu da ɗalibai sama da 3000, sama da ɗalibai 138 a farko. Tun daga watan Agustan 2007, a karkashin jagorancin Dokta Mustapha Mohammed Barau, makaranta ta sami babban ci gaba. Kamar yadda a taron ilimi na 2009/2010 cibiyar tana da yawan ɗalibai sama da 14,000 da shirye-shirye 36 da aka yarda da su tare da mafi yawan kayan aikin zamani don dacewa. Shirin ƙarin makarantu da sassan ilimi goma sha bakwai ya kai matakin gaba. Yawan ma'aikata, wanda a farkon ya kai ma'aikata goma amma a yau sun kai kusan mutum dubu biyu. Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Tarayya da ke Mubi, ita ce babbar cibiyar ilimi irinta a shiyyar Arewa-maso-gabas, tana gudanar da tsare-tsaren karantu da ke gudanar da shirye-shirye daban-daban a fannoni daban-daban a matakan Difloma na kasa ta gaba, Difloma na gaba, Diploma ta kasa, Diploma da Certificate. Akwai kuma shirye-shirye na musamman da ake bayarwa a yayin dogon hutu baya ga shirin digiri na Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech.) da aka shirya. Makarantar Polytechnic tana da makarantu shida da Cibiyar Ilimin Harkokin Kasuwanci. Tun farkon kafuwar ta, makarantar ta yi ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa mutane da yawa tare da ƙwarewar fasaha da na kasuwanci da ake buƙata don yaƙi da rage talauci . Anyi wani kisan gilla a makarantar a ranar 1-2 ga Oktoba, 2012. == Manazarta == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Mubi]] [[Category:Ilimi a Jihar Adamawa]] q3beyz12m9hr156rjzs1w9mg1xeck9a 0 34807 163174 2022-08-02T08:36:55Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1088209282|List of governors of Adamawa State]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan jerin jagororin gudarwa ne da '''gwamnonin Jihar''' Adamawan [[Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1991-08-27 lokacin da aka raba jihar [[Jihar Gongola|Gongola]] zuwa jihohin Adamawa da [[Taraba]]. {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:left" !Suna ! Take ! Ya dauki Ofis ! Ofishin Hagu ! Biki ! width="40%" | Bayanan kula |- valign="top" | [[Abubakar Saleh Michika]] | Gwamna | 2 ga Janairu, 1992 | 17 ga Nuwamba, 1993 | NRC | |- valign="top" | Gregory Agboneni | Mai gudanarwa | 9 ga Disamba, 1993 | 14 ga Satumba, 1994 | (Soja) | |- valign="top" | Com. Yohanna Madaki | Mai gudanarwa | 14 ga Satumba, 1994 | 22 ga Agusta, 1996 | (Soja) | |- valign="top" | Joe Kalu-Igboama | Mai gudanarwa | 22 ga Agusta, 1996 | Agusta 1998 | (Soja) | |- valign="top" | [[Ahmadu Hussaini]] | Mai gudanarwa | Agusta 1998 | Mayu 1999 | (Soja) | |- valign="top" | [[Boni Haruna]] | Gwamna | 29 ga Mayu, 1999 | 29 ga Mayu 2007 | [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] | |- valign="top" | [[Murtala Nyako]] | Gwamna | 29 ga Mayu 2007 | Fabrairu 26, 2008 | [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] | |- valign="top" | James Shaibu Barka | Gwamna (mai aiki) | Fabrairu 26, 2008 | Afrilu 29, 2008 | | |- valign="top" | [[Murtala Nyako]] | Gwamna | Afrilu 29, 2008 | 15 ga Yuli, 2014 | [[All Progressives Congress|PDP/APC]] | |- valign="top" | [[Umaru Fintiri|Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri]] | Gwamna (mai aiki) | 15 ga Yuli, 2014 | 1 Oktoba 2014 | PDP | |- valign="top" | Bala James Ngilari <ref name="Ngilari" /> | Gwamna | 1 Oktoba 2014 | 29 ga Mayu, 2015 | PDP | |- valign="top" | [[Bindo Jibrilla]] | Gwamna | 29 ga Mayu, 2015 | 29 ga Mayu, 2019 | [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] |- valign="top" | [[Umaru Fintiri|Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri]] | Gwamna | 29 ga Mayu, 2019 | Mai ci | [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] | |} == Duba kuma == * [[Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <references /> *   [[Category:Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa]] rv8zl4glornjddj7lozqc707dkja0ad 0 34808 163175 2022-08-02T08:37:30Z Uncle Bash007 9891 An ƙirƙira ta hanyar fassara shafin "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1088209282|List of governors of Adamawa State]]" wikitext text/x-wiki Wannan jerin jagororin gudarwa ne da '''gwamnonin Jihar''' Adamawan [[Najeriya]] wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1991-08-27 lokacin da aka raba jihar [[Jihar Gongola|Gongola]] zuwa jihohin Adamawa da [[Taraba]]. {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto; text-align:left" !Suna ! Take ! Ya dauki Ofis ! Ofishin Hagu ! Biki ! width="40%" | Bayanan kula |- valign="top" | [[Abubakar Saleh Michika]] | Gwamna | 2 ga Janairu, 1992 | 17 ga Nuwamba, 1993 | NRC | |- valign="top" | Gregory Agboneni | Mai gudanarwa | 9 ga Disamba, 1993 | 14 ga Satumba, 1994 | (Soja) | |- valign="top" | Com. Yohanna Madaki | Mai gudanarwa | 14 ga Satumba, 1994 | 22 ga Agusta, 1996 | (Soja) | |- valign="top" | Joe Kalu-Igboama | Mai gudanarwa | 22 ga Agusta, 1996 | Agusta 1998 | (Soja) | |- valign="top" | [[Ahmadu Hussaini]] | Mai gudanarwa | Agusta 1998 | Mayu 1999 | (Soja) | |- valign="top" | [[Boni Haruna]] | Gwamna | 29 ga Mayu, 1999 | 29 ga Mayu 2007 | [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] | |- valign="top" | [[Murtala Nyako]] | Gwamna | 29 ga Mayu 2007 | Fabrairu 26, 2008 | [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] | |- valign="top" | James Shaibu Barka | Gwamna (mai aiki) | Fabrairu 26, 2008 | Afrilu 29, 2008 | | |- valign="top" | [[Murtala Nyako]] | Gwamna | Afrilu 29, 2008 | 15 ga Yuli, 2014 | [[All Progressives Congress|PDP/APC]] | |- valign="top" | [[Umaru Fintiri|Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri]] | Gwamna (mai aiki) | 15 ga Yuli, 2014 | 1 Oktoba 2014 | PDP | |- valign="top" | Bala James Ngilari <ref name="Ngilari" /> | Gwamna | 1 Oktoba 2014 | 29 ga Mayu, 2015 | PDP | |- valign="top" | [[Bindo Jibrilla]] | Gwamna | 29 ga Mayu, 2015 | 29 ga Mayu, 2019 | [[All Progressives Congress|APC]] |- valign="top" | [[Umaru Fintiri|Ahmadu Umaru Fintiri]] | Gwamna | 29 ga Mayu, 2019 | Mai ci | [[Peoples Democratic Party|PDP]] | |} == Duba kuma == * [[Najeriya]] * [[Jerin jihohi a Nijeriya|Jihohin Najeriya]] * [[Gwamnonin Najeriya|Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] == Manazarta == <references /> *   [[Category:Jerin gwamnonin jihohin Najeriya]] [[Category:Gwamnonin Jihar Adamawa]] rv8zl4glornjddj7lozqc707dkja0ad