The Matrix Structure
The matrix organizational structure is the one that occurs most often in IBM. Because the emphasis of this structure is project-based, it must be understood by IBM project managers.
Matrix organizations evolved from the traditional management structure. Its multi-disciplinary team members are drawn from various line or functional units in a hierarchical organization.
Less anxiety exists about project termination because the project has been temporarily superimposed on the functional organization. At project completion, the functional organization remains intact.
Challenges
Matrix organizations are complex, and present certain challenges to the project manager. These challenges include the:
Matrix organizational structures affect the authority and responsibility of both the project manager and functional manager, the degree of communication within the project, and the communication flow.
Managing the Matrix
"....matrix management is a charming form of management, full of variety and disorder."
From Project Management: A Managerial Approach by Jack Meredith and Samuel J. Mantel, Jr.
For you, the project manager, successful operation within the matrix structure depends on the attitudes, actions, and activities of the people involved. Having the following elements in the project can help ensure a more successful project: