Physiology
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Update: 12/13/02
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General Animal Anatomy
#$AnimalBodyRegion animal
body region
A specialization of #$AnimalBLO. Each
instance of #$AnimalBodyRegion
is a significant spatial subdivision of the body of some
animal, where the subdivision in question is usually
contiguous, and has some more or less clear boundary.
Instances of this collection include anatomical parts (see
the specialization #$AnimalBodyPart)
, such as a person's head, beard, or right arm. In addition,
this collection includes body regions that are not
anatomical parts, such as a blister, a puncture wound, or a bruise.
guid: bd5adaa1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBLO #$OrganismPart
direct generalization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart
#$MuscleTissue
#$AnimalBodyRegionType types
of animal body region
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This is a collection of collections; in particular,
it is a #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType (q.v.). Consider any
one element of #$AnimalBodyRegionType,
call it X. X is a collection of subsets of #$AnimalBodyRegion,
such that any two elements of X are either disjoint or else
one is a subset of the other E.g., the set consisting of the
three elements (#$LeftFn #$Hand), (#$RightFn
#$Hand), #$Hand, would be a
legal element of #$AnimalBodyRegionType.
guid: bd5ce287-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
#$SecondOrderCollection
direct specialization of:
#$ExistingObjectType
#$AnimalBodyPart body parts
A specialization of #$AnimalBodyRegion.
Each instance of #$AnimalBodyPart
is an anatomical part of some living animal, and thus is
itself an instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject
(q.v). #$AnimalBodyPart
includes both highly localized organs (for example, hearts)
and physical systems composed of parts distributed
throughout an animal's body (such as an animal's circulatory
system and nervous system). Note that severed limbs and
removed organs are _not_ instances of this collection, since
they are not _parts_ of some living animal.
guid: bd58801c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$HumanScaleObject #$AnimalBodyRegion
direct generalization of:
#$Finger
#$Trunk-BodyCore #$AnatomicalVessel
#$ReproductiveSystem
#$Organ #$Nerve #$Chest-BodyPart
#$Joint-AnimalBodyPart
#$Head-AnimalBodyPart
#$FaceOfAnimal
#$Skin #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart
#$Mouth #$Eye #$MuscularSystem
#$Nose #$SkeletalSystem
#$Ear #$CirculatorySystem
#$DigestiveSystem
#$NervousSystem
#$RespiratorySystem
#$Muscle
#$AnimalBodyPartType animal
body part types
A collection of specializations of #$AnimalBodyRegion.
Each instance of #$AnimalBodyPartType
is a collection of body parts, where the parts in question
are differentiated from other body parts according to
structure or function. Instances of #$AnimalBodyPartType
include #$SpinalColumn, #$Eyelash, #$NervousSystem,
#$Urethra, #$Wing-AnimalBodyPart, and #$HeelOfPalm.
guid: bd58e7da-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
#$SecondOrderCollection
#$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$OrganismPartType
direct generalization of:
#$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType
#$BodyPartCollectionFn body
part collection fn
An instance of #$CollectionDenotingFunction.
When applied to an instance ANIMAL of #$Animal, and a
specialization PART-TYPE of #$AnimalBodyPart,
#$BodyPartCollectionFn
returns the collection of all instances of PART-TYPE that
are part (see #$anatomicalParts)
of ANIMAL. For example, (#$BodyPartCollectionFn
#$BritneySpears #$Fingernail) is the collection whose
instances are Britney Spears's fingernails.
guid: c0fd6605-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryFunction #$ReifiableFunction
#$CollectionDenotingFunction
#$Individual
#$BodyPartFn body
part fn
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
An instance of both #$IndividualDenotingFunction
and #$ReifiableFunction.
(#$BodyPartFn
ANIMAL UNIQUE-PART-TYPE), when the corresponding arguments
are instances of #$Animal and #$UniqueAnatomicalPartType,
denotes the instance of UNIQUE-PART-TYPE which is part of
ANIMAL. For example, (#$BodyPartFn
#$GeorgeWashington #$Heart) is George
Washington's heart.
guid: c0fd5d63-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$IndividualDenotingFunction
#$ReifiableFunction
#$BinaryFunction #$Individual
#$Organ organs (body
parts) (organism parts) (parts)
A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart.
Each instance of #$Organ is a part
of an animal that has a specialized physiological function
and is more or less localized within the animal. Examples
include hearts, kidneys, and tongues. Specializations
include #$InternalOrgan and #$ExternalOrgan. Note that, in
most contexts, a distributed system like a #$NervousSystem
or a (#$SkinOnFn #$WholeBody) is not an #$Organ.
guid: c0fde25a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$SemiSolidTangibleThing #$AnimalBodyPart
direct generalization of: #$ExternalOrgan
#$InternalOrgan
#$MuscleTissue muscle
A specialization of #$OrganismPart.
Each instance of #$MuscleTissue
is a quantity of muscle tissue; that is, tissue composing
biological organs that converts chemical energy into
mechanical energy. Note that as this collection is a
specialization (via #$OrganismPart)
of #$BiologicalLivingObject,
it only covers undetached muscle parts. An important
specialization of this collection is #$Muscle, the
collection of masses of #$MuscleTissue
attached at both ends that are controlled by nerves, and
move one or more body parts.
guid: bd58cc38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyRegion
direct generalization of: #$Muscle #$StriatedMuscle
#$anatomicalParts anatomical
part (physical part predicate) (composition
predicate) (part predicate)
(#$anatomicalParts
ORGANISM PART) means that the #$OrganismPart
PART is an anatomical part of the #$Organism-Whole
ORGANISM. One should use the predicate #$physicalParts
(q.v.), rather than #$anatomicalParts,
to relate an instance of #$OrganismPart
(for example, a hand) to other #$OrganismParts
(for example, the fingers of the hand) that are part of it.
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direct instance of:
#$FunctionalPredicate
#$CotemporalObjectsSlot
#$PhysicalPartPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$physicalParts
Specific Animal Body Parts
Here are just a few of the types of animal body parts that
Cyc knows about, to give you a feel for some of the material
"below the treeline" of what is being publicly released.
#$Head-AnimalBodyPart heads
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all heads of #$Animals.
guid: bd58ba60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart #$ExternalAnatomicalPart
direct generalization of:
#$Head-Vertebrate
#$Eye eyes
A specialization of both #$ExternalOrgan and #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor.
Each instance of #$Eye is an organ of sight.
guid: bd5893be-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType
direct specialization of:
#$ExternalOrgan #$ElectroMagneticRadiationSensor
#$Hand hands (body parts)
(organism parts) (parts)
A specialization of #$HolderGripper and #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart.
Each instance of #$HolderGripper is a terminal part of a
vertebrate forelimb that is structurally suited to function
as a grasping organ (as in people, newts, etc.).
guid: bd588655-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType
direct specialization of:
#$HolderGripper #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart
#$Finger fingers
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all digits of all #$Hands (q.v.).
Fingers are (typically) flexibly jointed and are necessary
to enabling the hand (and its owner) to perform grasping and
manipulation actions.
guid: bd58bf7f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of: #$Digit-AnatomicalPart
#$Leg legs (body parts)
(organism parts)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all #$Animal appendages
used for locomotion overland, supporting the animal and
moving it along by walking, running, etc. Thus wings, fins,
etc., are not #$Legs. The #$Foot-AnimalBodyPart
is considered part of the #$Leg
guid: bd5898cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType
direct specialization of: #$Limb-AnimalBodyPart
#$Torso torsos
A specialization of #$Trunk-BodyCore. Each instance
of #$Torso is a
human body's trunk, i.e., the main portion of a human's
body, to which typically are connected a head and various
appendages (see #$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart).
guid: bd59098e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of: #$Trunk-BodyCore
#$Heart hearts (muscles)
(body parts) (organism parts)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all hearts. A #$Heart is an #$Organ that pumps
blood throughout the body of an #$Animal.
guid: bd58ef0e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of: #$Pump-Generic #$StriatedMuscle
#$Brain brains
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$InternalOrgan. Each instance
of #$Brain is an
organ that controls most bodily movement and receives
sensory input from the body and objects outside the body.
guid: bd58d3eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
direct specialization of: #$InternalOrgan
#$Liver livers
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all living #$Animal livers. Each
instance of #$Liver is a large
compound #$InternalOrgan. A #$Liver breaks down
dead #$RedBloodCells, removes certain poisons and waste
material from the blood stream, creates glycogen from sugars
and proteins, stores glycogen, removes certain chemicals
from the blood, secretes bile (#$BileTheSecretion) which is
used for digestion,and regulates metabolism of
carbohydrates, #$ProteinStuff, #$Vitamins, #$Minerals, and fats.
guid: bd58a6a6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of: #$InternalOrgan
#$Lung lungs
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all lungs, the primary
respiratory organs of #$AirBreathingVertebrates.
guid: bd58cacb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType
direct specialization of: #$InternalOrgan
#$Stomach stomachs
A specialization of #$InternalOrgan. Each instance
of #$Stomach
is an organ which is part of the digestive system (see the
collection #$DigestiveSystem)
of some animal.
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direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of: #$InternalOrgan #$Sac-Organic
#$Nose noses
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
Facial organ used in smelling and breathing
guid: bd58826c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of: #$ExternalOrgan #$Protrusion
#$Ear ears
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The organ of hearing, which occur in pairs on most animals
guid: bd58cbd3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType
direct specialization of: #$Protrusion #$VibrationThroughAMediumSensor #$AnimalBodyPart #$ExternalAnatomicalPart
#$FaceOfAnimal faces
A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart
and #$ExternalAnatomicalPart. Each instance of #$FaceOfAnimal
is the bodily region of an animal where the eyes of that
animal are located. In most terrestrial animals, this is the
front region of an animal's head, and it also turns out to
be where the nose and mouth are located.
guid: bd58b919-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$ExternalAnatomicalPart #$AnimalBodyPart
#$Skin pieces of skin
A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart.
Each instance of #$Skin is an outer
protective and tactile sensory covering (or part of such a
covering) for (part of) an animal's body. This collection
includes both the entire skins of animals, as well as proper
parts of such skins (such as Yul Brenner's scalp).
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direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Layer #$VibrationThroughAMediumSensor #$TactileSensor #$AnimalBodyPart #$SurfaceOnTangibleObject #$ExternalAnatomicalPart
#$Foot-AnimalBodyPart feet
(body parts) (organism parts) (parts)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all vertebrates' feet. A foot is
a terminal part of a #$Vertebrate #$Leg. Feet are used
in locomotion, support, balance, kicking, etc.
guid: bd58be93-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType
direct specialization of:
#$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart
#$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart appendages
An #$AnimalBodyPartType
and a specialization of both #$ExternalAnatomicalPart and #$AnimalBodyPart.
#$Appendage-AnimalBodyPart
is the collection of all appendages of #$Animals. An
appendage is a body part that is connected to, and extends
from, an animal's #$Torso (or from
another of the animal's appendages, such as a hand extending
from an arm). Each appendage is used by the #$Animal for one or
more functions. Altogether, appendages serve a wide variety
of functions, including locomotion, manipulation, sensing,
fighting, scratching, heat dissipation, and balance. Note
that appendages are not crucial for the life of the animal;
thus a #$Neck-AnimalBodyPart or #$Head-AnimalBodyPart
is not considered to be an appendage.
guid: bd5882f8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of: #$Protrusion #$AnimalBodyPart #$ExternalAnatomicalPart
direct generalization of:
#$Foot-AnimalBodyPart
#$Finger
#$Hand
#$Limb-AnimalBodyPart #$Digit-AnatomicalPart
#$Shell-AnimalBodyPart shells
A specialization of #$SkeletalSystem
and #$ExternalAnatomicalPart. Each instance of #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart
is an external part of an animal's body which functions as a
hard protective outer covering for it.
guid: bd58e005-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$ProtectiveSystem #$ExternalAnatomicalPart #$SkeletalSystem
#$Arm arms (body parts)
(organism parts) (parts)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all animal arms. An #$Arm of an animal is
one of its #$AnimalBodyParts,
more particularly one of its appendages, a limb which it
uses for manipulation moreso than for locomotion. A #$Hand is considered
part of an #$Arm.
guid: bd58e9e5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SymmetricAnatomicalPartType
direct specialization of: #$HolderGripper #$Limb-AnimalBodyPart
#$Chest-BodyPart chests
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of the chests of #$Animals. The
animal's chest is its #$AnimalBodyPart
region located between its neck and its abdomen. For people
and many other types of animals, the chest is bounded by
(defined by, given shape by) the animal's ribcage.
guid: bd58a415-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart
#$Head-Vertebrate vertebrate heads
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all heads of #$Vertebrates
(animals with backbones). Vertebrate heads all have faces
(see #$FaceOfAnimal)
and connect to the animal's torso via a neck; these things
are not generally true for most non-vertebrates.
guid: bd5883bf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$Head-AnimalBodyPart
#$Mouth mouths
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all animal mouths. A mouth is a
container #$AnimalBodyPart
of an #$Animal. It
has an opening (a #$Portal) to the
region outside the organism. Through that opening, the
animal ingests tangible substances from the environment,
such as food, water, air, etc. Additional activities, such
as #$Chewing,
may occur in the #$Mouth, and it may
participate in other activities such as talking, kissing, etc.
guid: bd589d87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart
#$Joint-AnimalBodyPart joints
A specialization of #$Joint-Physical and #$AnimalBodyPart.
Each instance of #$Joint-AnimalBodyPart
is a juncture between the ends or edges of abutting bones of
an animal's skeleton. Joints are of several types
mechanically (e.g., ball-and-socket, hinged). Many major
joints function as hinges, in which the ends of the abutting
bones are joined with ligaments and cushioned by cartilege.
guid: bd58e376-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart #$Joint-Physical
#$AnatomicalVessel anatomical vessel
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all anatomical vessels in #$Animals. Instances
of this collection are tubular animal tissue which acts as a
conduit for body fluids or substances passing into or out of
the body.
guid: be425bb7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$InternalAnatomicalPart #$CordlikeObject #$Pipe-GenericConduit #$AnimalBodyPart
#$Nerve nerves
The collection of all nerves. Each instance of #$Nerve is a bundle
of many nerve fibers (#$Axons) covered with a wrapping of
#$ConnectiveTissue. Sensory nerves (see #$SensoryNerve)
carry nerve impulses to the central nervous system; motor
nerves (see #$MotorNerve) carry impulses to the muscles.
Most nerves are mixed, containing axons of both motor and
sensory neurons.
guid: c0fde592-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$Tree-PathSystem #$CordlikeObject #$ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem #$AnimalBodyPart
#$hairColor-Old hair
color - old
(#$hairColor ANIMAL BODYPARTTYPE COLOR) means that
the hair that ANIMAL has on its BODYPARTTYPE has the #$Color
COLOR. For example, (#$hairColor #$SantaClaus #$Chin
#$WhiteColor) holds. ANIMAL is normally a #$Mammal, but certain
#$Invertebrates
also have hair.
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direct instance of: #$TangibleObjectPredicate
#$TernaryPredicate
#$eyeColor-Old eye
color - old
This predicate is used to state the eye-color of a
human or other animal. (#$eyeColor ANIMAL COLOR) means that
at least one of ANIMAL's eyes (more precisely, its irises)
has the color COLOR. For example, (#$eyeColor #$AmyIrving
#$PurpleColor) holds. Since individual members of most
species typically do not have eyes of different colors
(Siamese cats being one exception), #$eyeColor behaves like
a #$FunctionalSlot
(q.v.) with respect to most, but not all, types of animals.
guid: bd5895a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$PhysicalFeatureDescribingPredicate
#$BinaryAttributePredicate #$TangibleObjectPredicate
Animal Body Part Systems
Here are some of the `living systems' that Cyc knows about,
to give you a feel for some of the material "below the treeline"
of what is being publicly released.
#$ReproductiveSystem reproductive systems
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all animals' reproductive
systems. A #$ReproductiveSystem
is a system of organs used by the #$Animal for
reproduction; i.e., for creating an offspring, a new member
of that species. Note: Strictly speaking, it might be more
accurate to describe a #$ReproductiveSystem
as containing the above sorts of systems for a mated male
and female of a sexual species, as only that combined system
is capable of actually producing an offspring. But most of
the things one wants to say about a #$ReproductiveSystem
really do only make sense for one single animal at a time.
So think of reproduction as a cooperative activity, such as
having a conversation, where we still refer to each animal's
incomplete reproductive system as a #$ReproductiveSystem.
guid: bd58dae1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart
#$ReproductiveSystem-Female female
reproductive systems
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all the #$ReproductiveSystems
of #$FemaleAnimals.
guid: bd58a94d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$ReproductiveSystem
direct generalization of:
#$ReproductiveSystem
#$ReproductiveSystem-Male male
reproductive systems
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all the #$ReproductiveSystems
of #$MaleAnimals.
guid: bd58827a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$ReproductiveSystem
#$AuditorySystem auditory systems
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all animals' auditory systems. An
#$AuditorySystem
is a system of organs and appurtenant body parts (such as
ears) which enable the animal to perform #$Hearing
actions. Note: Necessary parts of the process other than
body parts --- e.g., a medium through which the sound waves
get to the animal --- are not considered part of the
animal's #$AuditorySystem.
guid: bd58b0b4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart
#$DigestiveSystem digestive tracts
A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart
and #$ConnectedPathSystem.
Each instance of #$DigestiveSystem
is a system of organs and other body parts which work
together to accomplish the digestion function (see #$DigestionEvent).
guid: bd58b41a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$PipingSystem-Generic #$AnimalBodyPart
#$SkeletalSystem skeletons
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart.
Each instance of #$SkeletalSystem
is a system of body parts used to support, separate, and
protect the other parts of a body. Instances of this
collection are either external structures (see #$Exoskeleton
and #$Shell-AnimalBodyPart)
or internally interlinked bones (see #$Bone-BodyPart) and
cartilage (see #$Cartilage).
guid: bd58b5ae-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart
direct generalization of:
#$Shell-AnimalBodyPart
#$CirculatorySystem circulatory systems
A specialization of both #$AnimalBodyPart
and #$ConnectedPathSystem.
Each instance of #$CirculatorySystem
is a system of organs and body parts, found in #$Vertebrates and
some other animals, which function together to circulate the
animal's blood throughout its body, supplying needed
substances to its cells and removing waste products from
them. An instance of #$CirculatorySystem
is typically composed of blood vessels, heart, spleen, etc.,
considered as an interrelated functional system of each animal.
guid: bd58f31b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$PipingSystem-Generic #$AnimalBodyPart #$InternalAnatomicalPart
#$MuscularSystem musculatures
A specialization of both #$InternalAnatomicalPart
and #$AnimalBodyPart.
Each instance of #$MuscularSystem
is composed of all the muscles in the body of an individual
animal, where those muscles are considered as a functional
whole. As a system, the muscles of an individual animal work
together to enable foot motions in locomotion, pumping in
circulation, breathing in respiration, biting and chewing
and swallowing in eating, and so on.
guid: bd58e6af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart #$InternalAnatomicalPart
#$NervousSystem nervous systems
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all #$Animals' nervous
systems. A #$NervousSystem
is composed of all the #$Nerves, #$Brain, and
#$SpinalCord of an animal, and enables the animal to sense
(#$perceives)
things and react to them reflexively (from the spine), by
instinct (in the #$BrainStem, #$Cerebellum, or #$Cerebrum),
and or by deliberation (in the #$Cerebrum).
guid: bd5893fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$ConnectedPhysicalPathSystem #$AnimalBodyPart #$InternalAnatomicalPart
#$OlfactorySystem olfactory systems
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all animals' olfactory systems.
An #$OlfactorySystem
is composed of body parts (such as the nose) of the animal,
which together function so as to enable it to perform
smelling actions.
guid: bd58b0ef-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart
#$RespiratorySystem respiratory systems
A specialization of #$AnimalBodyPart.
Each instance of #$RespiratorySystem
is a system of body parts which function together to enable
its owner (an instance of #$Animal) to breathe.
Note that it is generally required that the #$RespiratorySystem
of a #$Vertebrate work
together with the #$CirculatorySystem
(q.v.), as the air is used to supply needed substances to
the blood and to remove waste products from the blood.
guid: bd58f314-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$UniqueAnatomicalPartType
#$AnimalBodyPartType
direct specialization of:
#$AnimalBodyPart
Animal Physiology
#$PhysiologicalAttribute physiological attributes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of attributes related to a plant or
animal organism's physiological characteristics. Some
examples include #$Flexed, #$Deaf, #$Injured, #$Fertile,
#$Swollen, #$AcidIndigestion, etc.
guid: c0fd4a6e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$SiblingDisjointAttributeType
#$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly
direct generalization of:
#$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute
#$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute physiological
attributes of animals
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The broadest collection of attributes of #$Animals that
describe the physiological aspects of an animal, including
its physiological (1) capacities, (2) conditions, and (3)
states. Examples include: (1) Capacities: #$Fertile,
#$HearingImpaired, #$Paraplegic; (2) Conditions: #$Anemic,
#$AthleticPhysicalBuild; (3) States: #$Intoxicated,
#$Injured, #$Inflamed. #$PlantPhysiologicalAttributes,
such as #$InBloom, are excluded.
guid: bd58a577-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
#$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalAttributeOfTangibleOnly
direct generalization of: #$Posture #$Alertness
#$UrgeToSneeze #$LevelOfDiscomfort #$LevelOfExhaustion
#$LevelOfPain
#$hasPhysiologicalAttributes has
physiological attributes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$hasPhysiologicalAttributes
BLO ATT) means that the #$BiologicalLivingObject
BLO has the #$PhysiologicalAttribute
ATT. Note that many, perhaps most, assertions made with #$hasPhysiologicalAttributes
will be time-dependent; for example, an individual person is
not #$SexuallyMature throughout his or her life, but only
during a portion of it. For this reason, many assertions
made with #$hasPhysiologicalAttributes
will need to be temporally qualified. One way to do so is by
using #$holdsIn; for
instance, (#$holdsIn
(#$YearFn 1820)
(#$hasPhysiologicalAttributes
#$LudwigVanBeethoven #$Deaf).
guid: bd58892e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$BinaryAttributePredicate
#$PhysiologicalCondition physiological conditions
A specialization of #$SystemCondition. Each
instance of #$PhysiologicalCondition
involves an #$Organism-Whole
being in some physiological state that is not typical for
that organism's species, modulo considerations about the
organism's sex or (in some cases) subspecies. Thus
#$Menstruating, though not typical among all persons, is
part of being a healthy adult female, and so is not a
specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition
(though it is a type of #$PhysiologicalProcess);
#$Pregnancy, on the other hand, is a specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition.
Note that some but not all #$PhysiologicalConditions
are events; but they are all #$Situation-Temporals. Thus
each physiological condition has a temporal start and end,
though in some cases (e.g. dwarfism) these will be the same
as the start and end of the life of the organism.
guid: c10c3859-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of: #$SystemCondition
direct generalization of:
#$LifeThreateningCondition
#$CongenitalCondition
#$ChronicCondition
#$AilmentCondition
#$Starvation
#$PhysiologicalConditionType health conditions
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of collections. Each instance of #$PhysiologicalConditionType
is a specialization of #$PhysiologicalCondition
(q.v.), and thus a type of physiological state into which
some organisms can enter. Instances of #$PhysiologicalConditionType
include #$Cancer, #$PsychologicalAilment,
#$Infection,
and #$Malnutrition.
guid: c10c16fe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$SecondOrderCollection
#$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
#$AtemporalNecessarilyEssentialCollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$ObjectType #$TemporalStuffType
direct generalization of:
#$InfectionType
#$InfectionTypeBySymptomology #$InfectionTypeByPathogenType
#$DiseaseType
#$PhysiologicalProcess physiological processes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of events in which an organism does
(typically unconsciously) some process which involves
alteration of that agent's physiological state. A #$PhysiologicalProcess
is normally one that is done by organisms (or parts of
organisms) in the course of living. A large subcollection of
#$PhysiologicalProcess
is #$BodilyFunctionEvent,
including its subcollections #$Respiration,
#$DigestingInStomach, and #$Heartbeating. (Compare this
collection with #$PhysiologicalCondition,
whose instances are more episodic than process-like.)
guid: bd58f396-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Individual
direct generalization of:
#$PhysiologicalFunction
#$BodilyFunctionEvent
#$PhysiologicalFunction physiological functions
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of those #$PhysiologicalProcesses
that serve some end for their doers, which may be cells,
tissues, or whole organisms; for example, #$Photosynthesis-Plant.
guid: bd58ecdb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PhysiologicalProcess
direct generalization of:
#$AirRespiration
#$Breathing
#$BodilyFunctionEvent bodily
function events
A specialization of both #$AnimalActivity
and #$PhysiologicalProcess.
Each specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent
is a type of action done by an animal that can be (and often
is) done without the doer's conscious volition.
Specializations of #$BodilyFunctionEvent
include #$Breathing, #$Swallowing,
and #$DigestionEvent.
If an instance of #$BodilyFunctionEvent
involves the doer moving all or part of its body, either
volitionally or as a reflex, it is also an instance of #$BodyMovementEvent.
guid: bd58f3d9-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$SingleDoerAction #$AnimalActivity #$PhysiologicalProcess
direct generalization of:
#$Swallowing
#$Resting-Relaxing
#$Exhaling #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
#$Inhaling #$Ingesting
#$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary involuntary
bodily functions
A specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent.
Each specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
is a type of event each instance of which is done without
conscious volition. Consequently, in each instance of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary,
the `doer' of the event is a non-deliberate actor in that
event (see the predicate #$nonDeliberateActors).
Specializations of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
include #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement,
#$Bleeding, and #$ExperiencingHunger.
guid: bd59f763-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$BiologicalEvent #$BodilyFunctionEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Sleeping
#$DigestionEvent
#$Respiration
#$ExperiencingHunger
#$InvoluntaryBodyMovement
#$Secretion-Bodily secretions
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all #$NaturalTangibleStuff
secreted by an organism's body. There are a wide variety of
bodily secretions, including #$Hormones, #$Mucus,
#$InsulinTheSecretion, and #$Semen. Secretions may be
deposited either within the body (e.g., #$BileTheSecretion)
or outside of it (e.g., #$Sweat). Note: Secretions are
different from #$ExcretionSubstance in that secretions are
not necessarily waste products. E.g., they may be a release
of pheromones to attract a mate, a layer of sweat to cool
off the organism, a layer of nectar to attract bees, etc.
Some subsets of #$Secretion-Bodily,
such as #$Sweat, are also subsets of #$ExcretionSubstance
(i.e., wastes).
guid: bd58c769-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TangibleStuffCompositionType
direct specialization of:
#$NaturalTangibleStuff
Specific Physiological Processes
Here are some of the `living systems' activities that Cyc
knows about, to give you a feel for some of the material "below
the treeline" of what is being publicly released.
#$Respiration respirations
A specialization of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary.
Each instance of #$Respiration
is a process through which an instance of #$Animal acquires
oxygen for its cells, and releases carbon dioxide formed by
those cells into the atmosphere.
guid: bd59061e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
direct generalization of:
#$AirRespiration
#$AirRespiration air respiration
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of activities constituting a natural
#$PhysiologicalFunction;
#$AirRespiration
is the collection of all #$Respiration
events in which an organism trades some of the carbon
dioxide in its tissues for oxygen from the atmosphere.
guid: bd58bdb6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PhysiologicalFunction #$Respiration
direct generalization of:
#$Breathing
#$Breathing breathing events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of activities constituting a natural
#$PhysiologicalFunction;
#$Breathing is
the collection of #$AirRespiration
events in which the respiring organism takes air into its
internal #$Lungs,
where the gas exchange occurs. See also #$Respiration.
guid: bd58b773-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MammalCapabilityType
#$ControllableAutonomousActionType #$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$AirRespiration
#$Inhaling inhalations
A specialization of both #$PassingThroughPortal
and #$BiologicalIntakeEvent.
Each instance of #$Inhaling is a
bodily event in which an animal takes air in through an
appropriate portal (e.g., its mouth or nose) and passes it
into its lungs. Each instance of #$Breathing
(q.v.) has an instance of #$Inhaling as a sub-event.
guid: bd58f34d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ObjectType
#$ControllableAutonomousActionType #$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PassingThroughPortal #$BiologicalIntakeEvent #$BodilyFunctionEvent
#$Exhaling exhalations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
Expelling gas from the lungs.
guid: bd589d08-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MammalCapabilityType #$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$TranslationAlongInternalLivingStructure #$EmittingAnObject #$PassingThroughPortal #$BodilyFunctionEvent
#$Swallowing swallows
A specialization of both #$BodilyFunctionEvent
and #$BodyMovementEvent.
Each instance of #$Swallowing
is an event in which an #$Animal moves a
solid or a liquid from its #$Mouth to its #$Stomach.
guid: bd58a44f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$BodilyFunctionEvent #$BiologicalIntakeEvent #$BodyMovementEvent
#$Ingesting ingestions
A specialization of #$BiologicalIntakeEvent.
Each instance of #$Ingesting is a
complex process in which a thing is brought into some
organism's mouth from the outside, is swallowed, and is
moved to the organism's stomach. Every instance of #$Ingesting has among
its #$subEvents an
instance of #$Swallowing
which occurs after the intake (thus, although a particular
chewing of gum is a #$BiologicalIntakeEvent,
it is not an #$Ingesting unless
the gum is swallowed.) An ingesting event ends when the
ingested stuff reaches the ingester's stomach (where an
instance of #$DigestionEvent
begins, provided that what was ingested is an instance of #$EdibleStuff).
guid: bd5888eb-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$UsingAnObject #$BiologicalIntakeEvent #$PassingThroughPortal #$BodilyFunctionEvent
direct generalization of:
#$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
#$Sleeping snoozes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all #$Sleeping
events, i.e., natural processes in which an #$Animal engages in
some unconscious mental activity coupled with physical rest.
#$Sleeping is a
subcollection of #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary;
the process of #$Sleeping is
essential for the health of sentient animals.
guid: bd58d29b-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$Resting-Relaxing #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
#$alertnessLevel-Coll alertness
level - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
Predicate (#$alertnessLevel SENTIENT_BEING LEVEL)
indicates how alert SENTIENT_BEING is in the period in which
the predicate holds. The major levels are #$Unconscious and
#$Awake, but more specific attributes such as #$Asleep and
#$VeryAlert exist as well.
guid: 67d68896-6e8e-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$isa
#$Alertness-Coll alertness
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$Alertness is an #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute
which specifies how sleepy or alert an animal is. Levels of
#$Alertness include #$Asleep, #$Sleepy, and #$Awake.
guid: 197175c8-74ae-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of: #$CollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
#$VeryAlert-Coll very
alert - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$VeryAlert is an #$Alertness attribute which is a
specialization of #$Awake. It is the state of an #$Animal paying
particular attention to its environment (or a specific
aspect thereof). It is the state an #$Antelope is in after
smelling a #$Lion, or a burglar is in after hearing the
front door open.
guid: 07e6b166-6e90-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$ModeratelyAlert-Coll moderately
alert - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$ModeratelyAlert is an #$Alertness attribute which
is a specialization of #$Awake. It is the normal state of an
#$Animal which
is awake but paying particular attention to its environment.
It is a higher #$alertnessLevel than #$Sleepy, but lower
than #$VeryAlert.
guid: 6262f010-6e8f-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$Asleep-Coll asleep
- coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$Asleep is the #$Alertness attribute of being
asleep. #$Asleep is a specialization of #$Unconscious. (#$holdsIn (#$YearFn 1776)
(#$alertnessLevel RipVanWinkle #$Asleep).
guid: 82c2d39e-6e8e-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$Awake-Coll awake
- coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$Awake is the #$Alertness attribute of being awake.
guid: e1fcd4e0-6e8e-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$Unconscious-Coll unconscious
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$Unconscious is the #$Alertness attribute of being
#$Unconscious. It is the opposite of #$Awake. A
specialization of this attribute is #$Asleep.
guid: ba23b6a4-6e8f-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$Sleepy-Coll sleepy
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$Sleepy is the #$Alertness attribute which is a
specialization of #$Awake. It is the state an animal
normally passes through before #$GoingToSleep.
guid: 8529164c-6e8f-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$Salivating salivated
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Salivating
event, an #$Animal
secretes #$Saliva from its #$SalivaryGlands. #$Salivating
is a natural bodily function, occurring in the #$Mouth.
guid: bd58c48f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MammalCapabilityType #$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$SecretionEvent #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
#$AnimalWalkingProcess animal
walking processes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of instances of #$Walking-Generic in
which the locomotor is an #$Animal.
guid: bd58d77d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$ObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$SimpleWholeBodyMovement #$PhysicalContactSituation #$Walking-Generic
#$MilkSecretionEvent lactating
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each #$MilkSecretionEvent
is done by the mammary glands of (female) #$Mammals as a
natural process with the function of nourishing the female's
offspring. The secreted milk is stored in the mammary glands
until it is drawn out in some fashion.
guid: bd58c44a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$SecretionEvent #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
#$AnimalBodyGas intestinal gas
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of all pieces of #$GaseousTangibleThing
that is generated inside the #$DigestiveSystems
of #$Animals as a
byproduct of some #$DigestionEvent
(and eventually emitted from their bodies).
guid: bd58c8af-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ExistingStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$GaseousTangibleThing
Body Position And Movement
Here are some of the concepts that Cyc knows about, related
to body position, posture, and movement, to give you a feel for
some of the material "below the treeline" of what is being
publicly released.
#$BodyPartPosition-Coll body
positions (mathematical concepts)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of attributes describing the
position of a body part (or a whole body). A
#$BodyPartPosition may be determined relative to the body's
environment (as with #$Postures) or merely with respect to
the body part itself (e.g., #$Flexed, #$Extended).
guid: 5667f6be-74ae-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of: #$CollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
#$postureOfAnimal-Coll posture
of animal - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$postureOfAnimal AN POS) means that the #$Animal AN is in the
#$Posture POS. #$Postures are types of attributes that
describe bodily configurations and/or orientations of #$Animals. See
#$Posture for examples.
guid: 01a0df12-7f01-11d6-8000-0001023560cc
direct instance of: #$BinaryPredicate
#$StrictlyFunctionalPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$isa
#$Posture-Coll posture
- coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
An instance of #$UnorderedAttributeType,
and a specialization of #$AnimalPhysiologicalAttribute.
Each instance of #$Posture is a kind of bodily configuration
or orientation had by some instances of #$Animal. Instances
of #$Posture include #$UprightPosture and #$SittingPosture.
guid: 16a5e568-74ae-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of: #$SiblingDisjointCollectionType
direct specialization of:
#$Collection
#$UprightPosture-Coll upright
posture - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The attribute that describes an #$Animal in an
upright, i.e. vertically extended, #$Posture.
(#$postureOfAnimal ANIMAL #$UprightPosture) is implied by
walking and running, as well as by standing.
guid: 33ad403a-74bc-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$SittingPosture-Coll sitting
posture - coll
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The attribute that describes, most generically, an
#$Animal in a
seated position. The exact nature of the position depends
upon the typical body structure of the animal's species.
guid: afbb246a-74be-11d6-8000-00a0c99cc5ae
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Animal
#$BodyMovementEvent body movements
A specialization of #$AnimalActivity.
Each instance of #$BodyMovementEvent
is an event in which an #$Animal moves a part
of its own body, whether intentionally or reflexively.
Specializations of this collection include #$TakingAStep,
#$BlockingAPunch, #$Hiccoughing, and #$BlinkingOnesEyes.
guid: bd58f6e3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AnimalCapabilityType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$SingleDoerAction #$MovementOrShapeChangeEvent #$AnimalActivity
direct generalization of:
#$VoluntaryBodyMovement
#$Swallowing
#$SimpleWholeBodyMovement
#$MakingFacialExpression
#$ArmMovement
#$MakingAnOralSound
#$InvoluntaryBodyMovement
#$SimpleWholeBodyMovement simple
whole body movement
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of common bodily movements (e.g.,
walking, jumping) in which the whole body is involved in the movement.
guid: bd58fcbf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$BodyMovementEvent
direct generalization of:
#$AnimalWalkingProcess
#$InvoluntaryBodyMovement involuntary
body movements
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of involuntary bodily movements,
those movements in which an #$Animal's body does the action
automatically -- the agent's consent doesn't enter into it.
Subsets of #$InvoluntaryBodyMovement
include #$Heartbeating, #$Sneezing, #$Snoring, etc.
guid: bd590662-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$AnimalCapabilityType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$BodyMovementEvent #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
#$ArmMovement arm movements
A specialization of #$BodyMovementEvent.
Each instance of #$ArmMovement
is a movement of an animal's arm, where the movement in
question is generated by the animal, and involves movement
of the upper arm or elbow in relation to the animal's body.
Specializations of #$ArmMovement
include #$RaisingAnArm and #$Reaching.
guid: bd58a69d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$BodyMovementEvent
#$Exercising exercises
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of events in which humans move their
bodies for the purpose of general physical conditioning
and/or strengthening muscles.
guid: bd58ac02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$HumanCapabilityType #$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of: #$TakingCareOfSomething #$AthleticActivity
#$Resting-Relaxing resting events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of events in which an animal
abstains from strenuous physical activity.
guid: bd58bedf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$BodilyFunctionEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Sleeping
#$anatomicalPartTypeAffected anatomical
part type affected
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$anatomicalPartTypeAffected
ACT BODYPARTTYPE) means that body parts of the #$AnimalBodyPartType
BODYPARTTYPE are affected by the action ACT. For example, if
BRUSHING is a #$TeethCleaning
event, then (#$anatomicalPartTypeAffected
BRUSHING #$SetOfTeeth).
guid: bd589f12-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TypePredicate
#$BinaryPredicate
#$anatomicalResourceRequired anatomical
resource required
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$anatomicalResourceRequired
ACT BODYPARTTYPE NUM) means that the successful doer of ACT
must have at least this many (NUM) of the #$AnimalBodyPartType
BODYPARTTYPE. For example, if VOLANT is an instance of
#$Flying-FlappingWings, then (#$anatomicalResourceRequired
VOLANT #$Wing-AnimalBodyPart 2).
guid: bd588613-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$TernaryPredicate
#$anatomicallyCapableOf anatomically
capable of
The predicate #$anatomicallyCapableOf
indicates that an agent is anatomically able to play a
certain role in a certain type of situation or event. (#$anatomicallyCapableOf
AGENT SIT-TYPE ROLE) means that an individual #$Animal AGENT has
the anatomical prerequisites (natural or prosthetic) needed
to play ROLE in normal instances of SIT-TYPE.
guid: bd589dd8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$CapabilityPredicate-InstanceLevel
#$SituationTypeTernaryPredicate
#$LocomotionProcess-Animal locomotion processes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of processes in which an animal
moves from one place to another by its own power. A #$LocomotionProcess-Animal
is an activity considered as a #$TemporalStuffType,
in which any time-slice of the activity can also be
considered an instance of that activity. Subsets of #$LocomotionProcess-Animal
include: #$AnimalWalkingProcess,
#$Brachiating, #$Climbing, #$WheelchairLocomotionEvent,
#$Boring-Locomotion, etc.
guid: bd58e68c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$LocomotionEvent-Animal #$LocomotionProcess #$Movement-TranslationProcess
direct generalization of:
#$AnimalWalkingProcess
#$Ambulation
#$LocomotionEvent-Animal travel
A specialization of #$LocomotionEvent, #$AnimalActivity,
and #$PurposefulAction.
In each instance of #$LocomotionEvent-Animal,
the object moving (see #$objectMoving)
is an instance of #$Animal. Notable
specializations of #$LocomotionEvent-Animal
include #$Climbing, #$Swimming-Generic, and
#$WalkingOnTwoLegs. Other specializations include types of
events, such as #$Canoeing and #$Skating, in which a person
moves himself or herself using a device to which s/he
supplies the motive force.
guid: bd58e64e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MammalCapabilityType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$LocomotionEvent #$PurposefulAction
direct generalization of:
#$LocomotionProcess-Animal
#$AnimalMigration
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