# Package groovy.lang

Core Groovy language classes for implementing data structures, closures, metadata and so forth.

See: Description

- Interface Summary
  Interface | Description
  --- | ---
  AdaptingMetaClass | An interface for MetaClass instances that "adapt" other MetaClass instances such as a proxy or delegating MetaClass.
  Buildable |
  ClosureInvokingMethod | An interface for MetaMethods that invoke closures to implements.
  GroovyCallable<V> | A special "marker" style interface allowing Groovy classes to implement both Runnable and Callable yet give preference to Runnable (for backwards compatibility) for APIs having both Runnable and Callable methods.
  GroovyInterceptable | Marker interface used to notify that all methods should be intercepted through the `invokeMethod` mechanism of `GroovyObject`.
  GroovyObject | The interface implemented by all Groovy objects.
  GroovyResourceLoader | Allows frameworks that integrate with Groovy to determine how Groovy files are resolved.
  Interceptor | Implementers of this interface can be registered in the ProxyMetaClass for notifications about method calls for objects managed by the ProxyMetaClass.
  MetaClass | A MetaClass within Groovy defines the behaviour of any given Groovy or Java class.
  MetaClassRegistry | A MetaClassRegistry is an object that is responsible for managing the a cache of MetaClass instances.
  MetaClassRegistryChangeEventListener | A listener called whenever a constant MetaClass is set, removed or replaced.
  MetaObjectProtocol | An interface that defines the API usable by clients of Groovy's Meta Object Protocol (MOP).
  MutableMetaClass | An interface that defines methods that implementers of mutable Meta classes should specify.
  PropertyAccessInterceptor | An interface that adds the ability to intercept property getters/setters
  Range<T extends java.lang.Comparable> | A Range represents the list of all items obtained by starting from a `from` value and calling `next()` successively until you reach the `to` value.
  Writable | Represents an object which is capable of writing itself to a text stream in a more efficient format than just creating a toString() representation of itself.

- Class Summary
  Class | Description
  --- | ---
  BenchmarkInterceptor | Interceptor that registers the timestamp of each method call before and after invocation.
  Binding | Represents the variable bindings of a script which can be altered from outside the script object or created outside of a script and passed into it.
  Closure<V> | Represents any closure object in Groovy.
  DelegatingMetaClass |
  EmptyRange | Constructing Ranges like 0..<0
  ExpandoMetaClass | ExpandoMetaClass is a MetaClass that behaves like an Expando, allowing the addition or replacement of methods, properties and constructors on the fly.
  ExpandoMetaClassCreationHandle | A handle for the MetaClassRegistry that changes all classes loaded into the Grails VM to use ExpandoMetaClass instances The handle should be registered with the Groovy runtime before Groovy loads, for example in your main method.
  GroovyClassLoader | A ClassLoader which can load Groovy classes.
  GroovyClassLoader.ClassCollector |
  GroovyClassLoader.InnerLoader |
  GroovyCodeSource | CodeSource wrapper class that allows specific security policies to be associated with a class compiled from groovy source.
  GroovyObjectSupport | A useful base class for Java objects wishing to be Groovy objects
  GroovyShell | Represents a groovy shell capable of running arbitrary groovy scripts
  GroovySystem |
  GString | Represents a String which contains embedded values such as "hello there ${user} how are you?"
  IntRange | Represents a list of Integer objects from a specified int up (or down) to and including a given to.
  ListWithDefault<T> | A wrapper for `List` which automatically grows the list when either `ListWithDefault.get(int)` or `ListWithDefault.getAt(int)` is called with an index greater than or equal to `size()`.
  MapWithDefault<K,V> | A wrapper for Map which allows a default value to be specified.
  MetaArrayLengthProperty | Represents a property on a bean which may have a getter and/or a setter
  MetaBeanProperty | Represents a property on a bean which may have a getter and/or a setter
  MetaClassImpl | Allows methods to be dynamically added to existing classes at runtime
  MetaClassImpl.Index |
  MetaClassRegistry.MetaClassCreationHandle | Class used as base for the creation of MetaClass implementations.
  MetaClassRegistryChangeEvent | An event used to propagate meta class updates
  MetaExpandoProperty | Represents a property in an Expando object
  MetaMethod | Represents a Method on a Java object a little like `Method` except without using reflection to invoke the method
  MetaProperty | Represents a property on a bean which may have a getter and/or a setter
  NonEmptySequence | Represents a sequence of objects which represents one or many instances of of objects of a given type.
  ObjectRange | Represents an inclusive list of objects from a value to a value using comparators.
  ParameterArray | Distinguish a parameter array from Object[].
  PropertyValue |
  ProxyMetaClass | As subclass of MetaClass, ProxyMetaClass manages calls from Groovy Objects to POJOs.
  Reference<T> | Represents a reference to a value
  Script | This object represents a Groovy script
  Sequence | Represents a sequence of objects which represents zero or many instances of of objects of a given type.
  SpreadMap | Represents a spreadable map which extends java.util.HashMap.
  TracingInterceptor |
  Tuple | Represents a list of Integer objects from a specified int up to but not including a given and to.

- Exception Summary
  Exception | Description
  --- | ---
  ClosureException | An exception thrown by a closure invocation
  DeprecationException | Use this exception to mark a method implementation as being deprecated.
  GroovyRuntimeException | An exception thrown by the interpreter
  IllegalPropertyAccessException | An exception occurred if a dynamic property dispatch fails with a field not accessible.
  IncorrectClosureArgumentsException | An exception occurred when invoking a Closure with the wrong number and/or types of arguments
  MissingClassException | An exception occurred if a dynamic method dispatch fails with an unknown class.
  MissingFieldException | An exception occurred if a dynamic field dispatch fails with an unknown field.
  MissingMethodException | An exception occurred if a dynamic method dispatch fails with an unknown method.
  MissingPropertyException | An exception occurred if a dynamic property dispatch fails with an unknown property.
  ReadOnlyPropertyException | This exception is thrown if an attempt is made to set a read only property
  SpreadListEvaluatingException |
  SpreadMapEvaluatingException |
  StringWriterIOException | An IO exception occurred trying to append to a StringWriter which should never happen.

- Annotation Types Summary
  Annotation Type | Description
  --- | ---
  Category | Transforms an instance-style Groovy class or interface to become a static-style conventional Groovy category.
  Delegate | Field annotation to automatically delegate part of the functionality of an owner class to the annotated field.
  Grab | Used to grab the referenced artifact and its dependencies and make it available on the Classpath.
  GrabConfig | Used to modify the grape configuration for grab requests.
  GrabExclude | Used to exclude an indirectly referenced artifact from the classpath.
  GrabResolver | Used to add a repository for resolving Grape dependencies.
  Grapes | Sometimes we will need more than one grab per class, but we can only add one annotation type per annotatable node.
  Lazy | Field annotation to simplify lazy initialization.
  Mixin | Provides a mechanism for mixing in methods into a class.
  Newify | Annotation that supports writing constructor call expressions without the 'new' keyword.
  Singleton | Class annotation to make class singleton.

## Package groovy.lang Description

Core Groovy language classes for implementing data structures, closures, metadata and so forth.