/*

Copyright (c) 2003, Arvid Norberg
All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
are met:

    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
      the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
    * Neither the name of the author nor the names of its
      contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
      from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

*/


#ifndef TORRENT_BENCODE_HPP_INCLUDED
#define TORRENT_BENCODE_HPP_INCLUDED



/*
 * This file declares the following functions:
 *
 *----------------------------------
 * template<class OutIt>
 * void libtorrent::bencode(OutIt out, const libtorrent::entry& e);
 *
 * Encodes a message entry with bencoding into the output
 * iterator given. The bencoding is described in the BitTorrent
 * protocol description document OutIt must be an OutputIterator
 * of type char. This may throw libtorrent::invalid_encoding if
 * the entry contains invalid nodes (undefined_t for example).
 *
 *----------------------------------
 * template<class InIt>
 * libtorrent::entry libtorrent::bdecode(InIt start, InIt end);
 *
 * Decodes the buffer given by the start and end iterators
 * and returns the decoded entry. InIt must be an InputIterator
 * of type char. May throw libtorrent::invalid_encoding if
 * the string is not correctly bencoded.
 *
 */




#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string>
#include <exception>
#include <iterator> // for distance

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push, 1)
#endif

#include <boost/static_assert.hpp>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif

#include "libtorrent/entry.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/config.hpp"

#include "libtorrent/assert.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/escape_string.hpp"

namespace libtorrent
{

	struct TORRENT_EXPORT invalid_encoding: std::exception
	{
		virtual const char* what() const throw() { return "invalid bencoding"; }
	};

	namespace detail
	{
		template <class OutIt>
		int write_string(OutIt& out, const std::string& val)
		{
			for (std::string::const_iterator i = val.begin()
				, end(val.end()); i != end; ++i)
				*out++ = *i;
			return int(val.length());
		}

		TORRENT_EXTRA_EXPORT char const* integer_to_str(char* buf, int size, entry::integer_type val);

		template <class OutIt>
		int write_integer(OutIt& out, entry::integer_type val)
		{
			// the stack allocated buffer for keeping the
			// decimal representation of the number can
			// not hold number bigger than this:
			BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(entry::integer_type) <= 8);
			char buf[21];
			int ret = 0;
			for (char const* str = integer_to_str(buf, 21, val);
				*str != 0; ++str)
			{
				*out = *str;
				++out;
				++ret;
			}
			return ret;
		}	
		
		template <class OutIt>
		void write_char(OutIt& out, char c)
		{
			*out = c;
			++out;
		}

		template <class InIt>
		std::string read_until(InIt& in, InIt end, char end_token, bool& err)
		{
			std::string ret;
			if (in == end)
			{
				err = true;
				return ret;
			}
			while (*in != end_token)
			{
				ret += *in;
				++in;
				if (in == end)
				{
					err = true;
					return ret;
				}
			}
			return ret;
		}

		template<class InIt>
		void read_string(InIt& in, InIt end, int len, std::string& str, bool& err)
		{
			TORRENT_ASSERT(len >= 0);
			for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i)
			{
				if (in == end)
				{
					err = true;
					return;
				}
				str += *in;
				++in;
			}
		}

		// returns the number of bytes written
		template<class OutIt>
		int bencode_recursive(OutIt& out, const entry& e)
		{
			int ret = 0;
			switch(e.type())
			{
			case entry::int_t:
				write_char(out, 'i');
				ret += write_integer(out, e.integer());
				write_char(out, 'e');
				ret += 2;
				break;
			case entry::string_t:
				ret += write_integer(out, e.string().length());
				write_char(out, ':');
				ret += write_string(out, e.string());
				ret += 1;
				break;
			case entry::list_t:
				write_char(out, 'l');
				for (entry::list_type::const_iterator i = e.list().begin(); i != e.list().end(); ++i)
					ret += bencode_recursive(out, *i);
				write_char(out, 'e');
				ret += 2;
				break;
			case entry::dictionary_t:
				write_char(out, 'd');
				for (entry::dictionary_type::const_iterator i = e.dict().begin();
					i != e.dict().end(); ++i)
				{
					// write key
					ret += write_integer(out, i->first.length());
					write_char(out, ':');
					ret += write_string(out, i->first);
					// write value
					ret += bencode_recursive(out, i->second);
					ret += 1;
				}
				write_char(out, 'e');
				ret += 2;
				break;
			default:
				// trying to encode a structure with uninitialized values!
				TORRENT_ASSERT_VAL(false, e.type());
				// do nothing
				break;
			}
			return ret;
		}

		template<class InIt>
		void bdecode_recursive(InIt& in, InIt end, entry& ret, bool& err, int depth)
		{
			if (depth >= 100)
			{
				err = true;
				return;
			}

			if (in == end)
			{
				err = true;
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
				ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
				return;
			}
			switch (*in)
			{

			// ----------------------------------------------
			// integer
			case 'i':
				{
				++in; // 'i' 
				std::string val = read_until(in, end, 'e', err);
				if (err) return;
				TORRENT_ASSERT(*in == 'e');
				++in; // 'e' 
				ret = entry(entry::int_t);
				char* end_pointer;
				ret.integer() = strtoll(val.c_str(), &end_pointer, 10);
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
				ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
				if (end_pointer == val.c_str())
				{
					err = true;
					return;
				}
				} break;

			// ----------------------------------------------
			// list
			case 'l':
				{
				ret = entry(entry::list_t);
				++in; // 'l'
				while (*in != 'e')
				{
					ret.list().push_back(entry());
					entry& e = ret.list().back();
					bdecode_recursive(in, end, e, err, depth + 1);
					if (err)
					{
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
						ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
						return;
					}
					if (in == end)
					{
						err = true;
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
						ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
						return;
					}
				}
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
				ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
				TORRENT_ASSERT(*in == 'e');
				++in; // 'e'
				} break;

			// ----------------------------------------------
			// dictionary
			case 'd':
				{
				ret = entry(entry::dictionary_t);
				++in; // 'd'
				while (*in != 'e')
				{
					entry key;
					bdecode_recursive(in, end, key, err, depth + 1);
					if (err || key.type() != entry::string_t)
					{	
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
						ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
						return;
					}
					entry& e = ret[key.string()];
					bdecode_recursive(in, end, e, err, depth + 1);
					if (err)
					{
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
						ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
						return;
					}
					if (in == end)
					{
						err = true;
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
						ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
						return;
					}
				}
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
				ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
				TORRENT_ASSERT(*in == 'e');
				++in; // 'e'
				} break;

			// ----------------------------------------------
			// string
			default:
				if (is_digit((unsigned char)*in))
				{
					std::string len_s = read_until(in, end, ':', err);
					if (err)
					{
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
						ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
						return;
					}
					TORRENT_ASSERT(*in == ':');
					++in; // ':'
					int len = atoi(len_s.c_str());
					ret = entry(entry::string_t);
					read_string(in, end, len, ret.string(), err);
					if (err)
					{
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
						ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
						return;
					}
				}
				else
				{
					err = true;
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
					ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
					return;
				}
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
				ret.m_type_queried = false;
#endif
			}
		}
	}

	template<class OutIt>
	int bencode(OutIt out, const entry& e)
	{
		return detail::bencode_recursive(out, e);
	}

	template<class InIt>
	entry bdecode(InIt start, InIt end)
	{
		entry e;
		bool err = false;
		detail::bdecode_recursive(start, end, e, err, 0);
#ifdef TORRENT_DEBUG
		TORRENT_ASSERT(e.m_type_queried == false);
#endif
		if (err) return entry();
		return e;
	}

	template<class InIt>
	entry bdecode(InIt start, InIt end, int& len)
	{
		entry e;
		bool err = false;
		InIt s = start;
		detail::bdecode_recursive(start, end, e, err, 0);
		len = std::distance(s, start);
		TORRENT_ASSERT(len >= 0);
		if (err) return entry();
		return e;
	}
}

#endif // TORRENT_BENCODE_HPP_INCLUDED

