Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2

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# Overview of new features in Apache 2.2

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This document describes some of the major changes between the 2.0 and 2.2 versions of the Apache HTTP Server. For new features since version 1.3, see the 2.0 new features document.

- Comments

## Core Enhancements

Authn/Authz
  The bundled authentication and authorization modules have been refactored. The new `mod_authn_alias` module can greatly simplify certain authentication configurations. See module name changes, and the developer changes for more information about how these changes affects users and module writers.
Caching
  `mod_cache`, `mod_disk_cache`, and `mod_mem_cache` have undergone a lot of changes, and are now considered production-quality. `htcacheclean` has been introduced to clean up `mod_disk_cache` setups.
Configuration
  The default configuration layout has been simplified and modularised. Configuration snippets which can be used to enable commonly-used features are now bundled with Apache, and can be easily added to the main server config.
Graceful stop
  The `prefork`, `worker` and `event` MPMs now allow `httpd` to be shutdown gracefully via the `graceful-stop` signal. The `GracefulShutdownTimeout` directive has been added to specify an optional timeout, after which `httpd` will terminate regardless of the status of any requests being served.
Proxying
  The new `mod_proxy_balancer` module provides load balancing services for `mod_proxy`. The new `mod_proxy_ajp` module adds support for the `Apache JServ Protocol version 1.3` used by Apache Tomcat.
Regular Expression Library Updated
  Version 5.0 of the Perl Compatible Regular Expression Library (PCRE) is now included. `httpd` can be configured to use a system installation of PCRE by passing the `--with-pcre` flag to configure.
Smart Filtering
  `mod_filter` introduces dynamic configuration to the output filter chain. It enables filters to be conditionally inserted, based on any Request or Response header or environment variable, and dispenses with the more problematic dependencies and ordering problems in the 2.0 architecture.
Large File Support
  `httpd` is now built with support for files larger than 2GB on modern 32-bit Unix systems. Support for handling >2GB request bodies has also been added.
Event MPM
  The `event` MPM uses a separate thread to handle Keep Alive requests and accepting connections. Keep Alive requests have traditionally required httpd to dedicate a worker to handle it. This dedicated worker could not be used again until the Keep Alive timeout was reached.
SQL Database Support

  `mod_dbd`, together with the `apr_dbd` framework, brings direct SQL support to modules that need it. Supports connection pooling in threaded MPMs.

## Module Enhancements

Authn/Authz
  Modules in the aaa directory have been renamed and offer better support for digest authentication. For example, `mod_auth` is now split into `mod_auth_basic` and `mod_authn_file`; `mod_auth_dbm` is now called `mod_authn_dbm`; `mod_access` has been renamed `mod_authz_host`. There is also a new `mod_authn_alias` module for simplifying certain authentication configurations.
`mod_authnz_ldap`
  This module is a port of the 2.0 `mod_auth_ldap` module to the 2.2 `Authn/Authz` framework. New features include using LDAP attribute values and complicated search filters in the `Require` directive.
`mod_authz_owner`
  A new module that authorizes access to files based on the owner of the file on the file system
`mod_version`
  A new module that allows configuration blocks to be enabled based on the version number of the running server.
`mod_info`
  Added a new `?config` argument which will show the configuration directives as parsed by Apache, including their file name and line number. The module also shows the order of all request hooks and additional build information, similar to `httpd -V`.
`mod_ssl`
  Added a support for RFC 2817, which allows connections to upgrade from clear text to TLS encryption.
`mod_imagemap`
  `mod_imap` has been renamed to `mod_imagemap` to avoid user confusion.

## Program Enhancements

`httpd`
  A new command line option `-M` has been added that lists all modules that are loaded based on the current configuration. Unlike the `-l` option, this list includes DSOs loaded via `mod_so`.
`httxt2dbm`
  A new program used to generate dbm files from text input, for use in `RewriteMap` with the `dbm` map type.

## Module Developer Changes

APR 1.0 API
  Apache 2.2 uses the APR 1.0 API. All deprecated functions and symbols have been removed from `APR` and `APR-Util`. For details, see the APR Website.
Authn/Authz
  The bundled authentication and authorization modules have been renamed along the following lines:
  - `mod_auth_*` -> Modules that implement an HTTP authentication mechanism
  - `mod_authn_*` -> Modules that provide a backend authentication provider
  - `mod_authz_*` -> Modules that implement authorization (or access)
  - `mod_authnz_*` -> Module that implements both authentication & authorization
  There is a new authentication backend provider scheme which greatly eases the construction of new authentication backends.
Connection Error Logging
  A new function, `ap_log_cerror` has been added to log errors that occur with the client's connection. When logged, the message includes the client IP address.
Test Configuration Hook Added
  A new hook, `test_config` has been added to aid modules that want to execute special code only when the user passes `-t` to `httpd`.
Set Threaded MPM's Stacksize
  A new directive, `ThreadStackSize` has been added to set the stack size on all threaded MPMs. This is required for some third-party modules on platforms with small default thread stack size.
Protocol handling for output filters
  In the past, every filter has been responsible for ensuring that it generates the correct response headers where it affects them. Filters can now delegate common protocol management to `mod_filter`, using the `ap_register_output_filter_protocol` or `ap_filter_protocol` calls.
Monitor hook added
  Monitor hook enables modules to run regular/scheduled jobs in the parent (root) process.
Regular expression API changes
  The `pcreposix.h` header is no longer available; it is replaced by the new `ap_regex.h` header. The POSIX.2 `regex.h` implementation exposed by the old header is now available under the `ap_` namespace from `ap_regex.h`. Calls to `regcomp`, `regexec` and so on can be replaced by calls to `ap_regcomp`, `ap_regexec`.
DBD Framework (SQL Database API)

  With Apache 1.x and 2.0, modules requiring an SQL backend had to take responsibility for managing it themselves. Apart from reinventing the wheel, this can be very inefficient, for example when several modules each maintain their own connections.

  Apache 2.1 and later provides the `ap_dbd` API for managing database connections (including optimised strategies for threaded and unthreaded MPMs), while APR 1.2 and later provides the `apr_dbd` API for interacting with the database.

  New modules SHOULD now use these APIs for all SQL database operations. Existing applications SHOULD be upgraded to use it where feasible, either transparently or as a recommended option to their users.

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## Comments

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