Sequel::Model instance methods that implement basic model functionality.
All of the methods in HOOKS and AROUND_HOOKS create instance methods that are called by Sequel when the appropriate action occurs. For example, when destroying a model object, Sequel will call around_destroy, which will call before_destroy, do the destroy, and then call after_destroy.
The following instance_methods all call the class method of the same name: columns, db, primary_key, db_schema.
All of the methods in BOOLEAN_SETTINGS create attr_writers allowing you to set values for the attribute. It also creates instance getters returning the value of the setting. If the value has not yet been set, it gets the default value from the class by calling the class method of the same name.
Creates new instance and passes the given values to set. If a block is given, yield the instance to the block unless from_db is true. This method runs the after_initialize hook after it has optionally yielded itself to the block.
Arguments:
values |
should be a hash to pass to set. |
from_db |
only for backwards compatibility, forget it exists. |
Artist.new(:name=>'Bob') Artist.new do |a| a.name = 'Bob' end
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1021 def initialize(values = {}, from_db = false) if from_db Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Passing two arguments to Model.new', 'Please use Model.call instead') set_values(values) else @values = {} @new = true @modified = true initialize_set(values) changed_columns.clear yield self if block_given? end after_initialize end
Alias of eql?
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1064 def ==(obj) eql?(obj) end
If pk is not nil, true only if the objects have the same class and pk. If pk is nil, false.
Artist[1] === Artist[1] # true Artist.new === Artist.new # false Artist[1].set(:name=>'Bob') == Artist[1] # => true
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1074 def ===(obj) pk.nil? ? false : (obj.class == model) && (obj.pk == pk) end
Returns value of the column's attribute.
Artist[1][:id] #=> 1
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1039 def [](column) @values[column] end
Sets the value for the given column. If typecasting is enabled for this object, typecast the value based on the column's type. If this is a new record or the typecasted value isn't the same as the current value for the column, mark the column as changed.
a = Artist.new a[:name] = 'Bob' a.values #=> {:name=>'Bob'}
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1051 def []=(column, value) # If it is new, it doesn't have a value yet, so we should # definitely set the new value. # If the column isn't in @values, we can't assume it is # NULL in the database, so assume it has changed. v = typecast_value(column, value) vals = @values if new? || !vals.include?(column) || v != (c = vals[column]) || v.class != c.class change_column_value(column, v) end end
The autoincrementing primary key for this model object. Should be overridden if you have a composite primary key with one part of it being autoincrementing.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1089 def autoincrementing_primary_key primary_key end
The columns that have been updated. This isn't completely accurate, as it could contain columns whose values have not changed.
a = Artist[1] a.changed_columns # => [] a.name = 'Bob' a.changed_columns # => [:name]
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1100 def changed_columns @changed_columns ||= [] end
Deletes and returns self. Does not run destroy hooks. Look into using destroy instead.
Artist[1].delete # DELETE FROM artists WHERE (id = 1) # => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}>
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1109 def delete raise Sequel::Error, "can't delete frozen object" if frozen? _delete self end
Like delete but runs hooks before and after delete. If before_destroy returns false, returns false without deleting the object the the database. Otherwise, deletes the item from the database and returns self. Uses a transaction if use_transactions is true or if the :transaction option is given and true.
Artist[1].destroy # BEGIN; DELETE FROM artists WHERE (id = 1); COMMIT; # => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}>
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1124 def destroy(opts = {}) raise Sequel::Error, "can't destroy frozen object" if frozen? checked_save_failure(opts){checked_transaction(opts){_destroy(opts)}} end
Iterates through all of the current values using each.
Album[1].each{|k, v| puts "#{k} => #{v}"} # id => 1 # name => 'Bob'
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1134 def each(&block) @values.each(&block) end
Compares model instances by values.
Artist[1] == Artist[1] # => true Artist.new == Artist.new # => true Artist[1].set(:name=>'Bob') == Artist[1] # => false
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1143 def eql?(obj) (obj.class == model) && (obj.values == @values) end
Returns the validation errors associated with this object. See Errors.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1149 def errors @errors ||= errors_class.new end
Returns true when current instance exists, false otherwise. Generally an object that isn't new will exist unless it has been deleted. Uses a database query to check for existence, unless the model object is new, in which case this is always false.
Artist[1].exists? # SELECT 1 FROM artists WHERE (id = 1) # => true Artist.new.exists? # => false
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1163 def exists? new? ? false : !this.get(SQL::AliasedExpression.new(1, :one)).nil? end
Ignore the model's setter method cache when this instances extends a module, as the module may contain setter methods.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1169 def extend(mod) @singleton_setter_added = true super end
Freeze the object in such a way that it is still usable but not modifiable. Once an object is frozen, you cannot modify it's values, changed_columns, errors, or dataset.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1177 def freeze values.freeze changed_columns.freeze errors validate errors.freeze this.freeze if !new? && model.primary_key super end
Value that should be unique for objects with the same class and pk (if pk is not nil), or the same class and values (if pk is nil).
Artist[1].hash == Artist[1].hash # true Artist[1].set(:name=>'Bob').hash == Artist[1].hash # true Artist.new.hash == Artist.new.hash # true Artist.new(:name=>'Bob').hash == Artist.new.hash # false
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1194 def hash case primary_key when Array [model, !pk.all? ? @values : pk].hash when Symbol [model, pk.nil? ? @values : pk].hash else [model, @values].hash end end
Returns value for the :id attribute, even if the primary key is not id. To get the primary key value, use pk.
Artist[1].id # => 1
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1209 def id @values[:id] end
Returns a string representation of the model instance including the class name and values.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1215 def inspect "#<#{model.name} @values=#{inspect_values}>" end
Returns the keys in values. May not include all column names.
Artist.new.keys # => [] Artist.new(:name=>'Bob').keys # => [:name] Artist[1].keys # => [:id, :name]
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1224 def keys @values.keys end
Refresh this record using for_update unless this is a new record. Returns self. This can be used to make sure no other process is updating the record at the same time.
a = Artist[1] Artist.db.transaction do a.lock! a.update(...) end
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1237 def lock! _refresh(this.for_update) unless new? self end
Remove elements of the model object that make marshalling fail. Returns self.
a = Artist[1] a.marshallable! Marshal.dump(a)
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1247 def marshallable! @this = nil self end
Explicitly mark the object as modified, so save_changes/update will run callbacks even if no columns have changed.
a = Artist[1] a.save_changes # No callbacks run, as no changes a.modified! a.save_changes # Callbacks run, even though no changes made
If a column is given, specifically marked that column as modified, so that save_changes/update will include that column in the update. This should be used if you plan on mutating the column value instead of assigning a new column value:
a.modified!(:name) a.name.gsub!(/[aeou]/, 'i')
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1267 def modified!(column=nil) if column && !changed_columns.include?(column) changed_columns << column end @modified = true end
Whether this object has been modified since last saved, used by save_changes to determine whether changes should be saved. New values are always considered modified.
a = Artist[1] a.modified? # => false a.set(:name=>'Jim') a.modified? # => true
If a column is given, specifically check if the given column has been modified:
a.modified?(:num_albums) # => false a.num_albums = 10 a.modified?(:num_albums) # => true
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1289 def modified?(column=nil) if column changed_columns.include?(column) else @modified || !changed_columns.empty? end end
Returns true if the current instance represents a new record.
Artist.new.new? # => true Artist[1].new? # => false
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1301 def new? defined?(@new) ? @new : (@new = false) end
Returns the primary key value identifying the model instance. Raises an Error if this model does not have a primary key. If the model has a composite primary key, returns an array of values.
Artist[1].pk # => 1 Artist[[1, 2]].pk # => [1, 2]
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1311 def pk raise(Error, "No primary key is associated with this model") unless key = primary_key if key.is_a?(Array) vals = @values key.map{|k| vals[k]} else @values[key] end end
Returns a hash mapping the receivers primary key column(s) to their values.
Artist[1].pk_hash # => {:id=>1} Artist[[1, 2]].pk_hash # => {:id1=>1, :id2=>2}
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1325 def pk_hash model.primary_key_hash(pk) end
Reloads attributes from database and returns self. Also clears all changed_columns information. Raises an Error if the record no longer exists in the database.
a = Artist[1] a.name = 'Jim' a.refresh a.name # => 'Bob'
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1337 def refresh raise Sequel::Error, "can't refresh frozen object" if frozen? _refresh(this) self end
Alias of refresh, but not aliased directly to make overriding in a plugin easier.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1344 def reload refresh end
Creates or updates the record, after making sure the record is valid and before hooks execute successfully. Fails if:
the record is not valid, or
before_save returns false, or
the record is new and before_create returns false, or
the record is not new and before_update returns false.
If save fails and either raise_on_save_failure or the :raise_on_failure option is true, it raises ValidationFailed or HookFailed. Otherwise it returns nil.
If it succeeds, it returns self.
You can provide an optional list of columns to update, in which case it only updates those columns, or a options hash.
Takes the following options:
:changed |
save all changed columns, instead of all columns or the columns given |
:columns |
array of specific columns that should be saved. |
:raise_on_failure |
set to true or false to override the current raise_on_save_failure setting |
:server |
set the server/shard on the object before saving, and use that server/shard in any transaction. |
:transaction |
set to true or false to override the current use_transactions setting |
:validate |
set to false to skip validation |
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1376 def save(*columns) raise Sequel::Error, "can't save frozen object" if frozen? opts = columns.last.is_a?(Hash) ? columns.pop : {} Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Passing columns as separate arguments to Model#save', 'Instead, provide a :columns option with the array of columns to save.') unless columns.empty? columns.concat(Array(opts[:columns])) if opts[:columns] set_server(opts[:server]) if opts[:server] if opts[:validate] != false unless checked_save_failure(opts){_valid?(true, opts)} raise(ValidationFailed.new(self)) if raise_on_failure?(opts) return end end checked_save_failure(opts){checked_transaction(opts){_save(columns, opts)}} end
Saves only changed columns if the object has been modified. If the object has not been modified, returns nil. If unable to save, returns false unless raise_on_save_failure is true.
a = Artist[1] a.save_changes # => nil a.name = 'Jim' a.save_changes # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Bob' WHERE (id = 1) # => #<Artist {:id=>1, :name=>'Jim', ...}
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1402 def save_changes(opts={}) save(opts.merge(:changed=>true)) || false if modified? end
Updates the instance with the supplied values with support for virtual attributes, raising an exception if a value is used that doesn't have a setter method (or ignoring it if strict_param_setting = false). Does not save the record.
artist.set(:name=>'Jim') artist.name # => 'Jim'
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1413 def set(hash) set_restricted(hash, nil, nil) end
Set all values using the entries in the hash, ignoring any setting of allowed_columns in the model.
Artist.set_allowed_columns(:num_albums) artist.set_all(:name=>'Jim') artist.name # => 'Jim'
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1423 def set_all(hash) set_restricted(hash, false, false) end
Set all values using the entries in the hash, except for the keys given in except. You should probably use set_fields or set_only instead of this method, as blacklist approaches to security are a bad idea.
artist.set_except({:name=>'Jim'}, :hometown) artist.name # => 'Jim'
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1433 def set_except(hash, *except) Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Model#set_except', 'Please switch to Model#set_only or use the blacklist_security plugin') set_restricted(hash, false, except.flatten) end
For each of the fields in the given array fields, call the setter method with the value of that hash entry for the field. Returns self.
You can provide an options hash, with the following options currently respected:
:missing |
Can be set to :skip to skip missing entries or :raise to raise an Error for missing entries. The default behavior is not to check for missing entries, in which case the default value is used. To be friendly with most web frameworks, the missing check will also check for the string version of the argument in the hash if given a symbol. |
Examples:
artist.set_fields({:name=>'Jim'}, [:name]) artist.name # => 'Jim' artist.set_fields({:hometown=>'LA'}, [:name]) artist.name # => nil artist.hometown # => 'Sac' artist.name # => 'Jim' artist.set_fields({}, [:name], :missing=>:skip) artist.name # => 'Jim' artist.name # => 'Jim' artist.set_fields({}, [:name], :missing=>:raise) # Sequel::Error raised
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1464 def set_fields(hash, fields, opts=nil) opts = if opts model.default_set_fields_options.merge(opts) else model.default_set_fields_options end case opts[:missing] when :skip fields.each do |f| if hash.has_key?(f) send("#{f}=", hash[f]) elsif f.is_a?(Symbol) && hash.has_key?(sf = f.to_s) send("#{sf}=", hash[sf]) end end when :raise fields.each do |f| if hash.has_key?(f) send("#{f}=", hash[f]) elsif f.is_a?(Symbol) && hash.has_key?(sf = f.to_s) send("#{sf}=", hash[sf]) else raise(Sequel::Error, "missing field in hash: #{f.inspect} not in #{hash.inspect}") end end else fields.each{|f| send("#{f}=", hash[f])} end self end
Set the values using the entries in the hash, only if the key is included in only. It may be a better idea to use set_fields instead of this method.
artist.set_only({:name=>'Jim'}, :name) artist.name # => 'Jim' artist.set_only({:hometown=>'LA'}, :name) # Raise Error
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1504 def set_only(hash, *only) set_restricted(hash, only.flatten, false) end
Set the shard that this object is tied to. Returns self.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1509 def set_server(s) @server = s @this.opts[:server] = s if @this self end
Replace the current values with hash. Should definitely not be used with untrusted input, and should probably not be called directly by user code.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1518 def set_values(hash) @values = hash end
Clear the setter_methods cache when a method is added
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1523 def singleton_method_added(meth) @singleton_setter_added = true if meth.to_s =~ SETTER_METHOD_REGEXP super end
Returns (naked) dataset that should return only this instance.
Artist[1].this # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (id = 1) LIMIT 1
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1532 def this @this ||= use_server(model.instance_dataset.filter(pk_hash)) end
Runs set with the passed hash and then runs save_changes.
artist.update(:name=>'Jim') # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1539 def update(hash) update_restricted(hash, nil, nil) end
Update all values using the entries in the hash, ignoring any setting of allowed_columns in the model.
Artist.set_allowed_columns(:num_albums) artist.update_all(:name=>'Jim') # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1548 def update_all(hash) update_restricted(hash, false, false) end
Update all values using the entries in the hash, except for the keys given in except. You should probably use update_fields or update_only instead of this method, as blacklist approaches to security are a bad idea.
artist.update_except({:name=>'Jim'}, :hometown) # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1)
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1557 def update_except(hash, *except) Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Model#update_except', 'Please switch to Model#update_only or use the blacklist_security plugin') update_restricted(hash, false, except.flatten) end
Update the instances values by calling set_fields with the arguments, then saves any changes to the record. Returns self.
artist.update_fields({:name=>'Jim'}, [:name]) # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1) artist.update_fields({:hometown=>'LA'}, [:name]) # UPDATE artists SET name = NULL WHERE (id = 1)
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1570 def update_fields(hash, fields, opts=nil) set_fields(hash, fields, opts) save_changes end
Update the values using the entries in the hash, only if the key is included in only. It may be a better idea to use update_fields instead of this method.
artist.update_only({:name=>'Jim'}, :name) # UPDATE artists SET name = 'Jim' WHERE (id = 1) artist.update_only({:hometown=>'LA'}, :name) # Raise Error
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1583 def update_only(hash, *only) update_restricted(hash, only.flatten, false) end
Validates the object and returns true if no errors are reported.
artist(:name=>'Valid').valid? # => true artist(:name=>'Invalid').valid? # => false artist.errors.full_messages # => ['name cannot be Invalid']
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1601 def valid?(opts = {}) _valid?(false, opts) end
Validates the object. If the object is invalid, errors should be added to the errors attribute. By default, does nothing, as all models are valid by default. See the "Model Validations" guide. for details about validation. Should not be called directly by user code, call valid? instead to check if an object is valid.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 1593 def validate end
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