The primary key for the class. Sequel can determine this automatically for many databases, but not all, so you may need to set it manually. If not determined automatically, the default is :id.
Class methods for Sequel::Model that implement basic model functionality.
All of the method names in Model::DATASET_METHODS have class methods created that call the Model's dataset with the method of the same name with the given arguments.
Which columns should be the only columns allowed in a call to a mass assignment method (e.g. set) (default: not set, so all columns not otherwise restricted are allowed).
Array of modules that extend this model's dataset. Stored so that if the model's dataset is changed, it will be extended with all of these modules.
The default options to use for Model#set_fields. These are merged with the options given to set_fields.
SQL string fragment used for faster DELETE statement creation when deleting/destroying model instances, or nil if the optimization should not be used. For internal use only.
The dataset that instance datasets (this) are based on. Generally a naked version of the model's dataset limited to one row. For internal use only.
Array of plugin modules loaded by this class
Sequel::Model.plugins # => [Sequel::Model, Sequel::Model::Associations]
The primary key for the class. Sequel can determine this automatically for many databases, but not all, so you may need to set it manually. If not determined automatically, the default is :id.
Whether to raise an error instead of returning nil on a failure to save/create/save_changes/etc due to a validation failure or a before_* hook returning false.
Whether to raise an error when unable to typecast data for a column (default: true). This should be set to false if you want to use validations to display nice error messages to the user (e.g. most web applications). You can use the validates_schema_types validation (from the validation_helpers plugin) in connection with this setting to check for typecast failures during validation.
Whether to raise an error if an UPDATE or DELETE query related to a model instance does not modify exactly 1 row. If set to false, Sequel will not check the number of rows modified (default: true).
Should be the literal primary key column name if this Model's table has a simple primary key, or nil if the model has a compound primary key or no primary key.
Whether new/set/update and their variants should raise an error if an invalid key is used. A key is invalid if no setter method exists for that key or the access to the setter method is restricted (e.g. due to it being a primary key field). If set to false, silently skip any key where the setter method doesn't exist or access to it is restricted.
Whether to typecast the empty string (") to nil for columns that are not string or blob. In most cases the empty string would be the way to specify a NULL SQL value in string form (nil.to_s == "), and an empty string would not usually be typecast correctly for other types, so the default is true.
Whether to typecast attribute values on assignment (default: true). If set to false, no typecasting is done, so it will be left up to the database to typecast the value correctly.
Returns the first record from the database matching the conditions. If a hash is given, it is used as the conditions. If another object is given, it finds the first record whose primary key(s) match the given argument(s). If no object is returned by the dataset, returns nil.
Artist[1] # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE id = 1 # => #<Artist {:id=>1, ...}> Artist[:name=>'Bob'] # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name = 'Bob') LIMIT 1 # => #<Artist {:name=>'Bob', ...}>
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 127 def [](*args) args = args.first if args.size <= 1 args.is_a?(Hash) ? dataset[args] : (primary_key_lookup(args) unless args.nil?) end
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 76 def _restricted_columns @restricted_columns end
REMOVE40
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 16 def cache_anonymous_models Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Model.cache_anonymous_models', 'Please switch to Sequel.cache_anonymous_models') Sequel.cache_anonymous_models end
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 20 def cache_anonymous_models=(v) Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Model.cache_anonymous_models=', 'Please switch to Sequel.cache_anonymous_models=') Sequel.cache_anonymous_models = v end
Initializes a model instance as an existing record. This constructor is used by Sequel to initialize model instances when fetching records. Requires that values be a hash where all keys are symbols. It probably should not be used by external code.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 136 def call(values) o = allocate o.set_values(values) o.after_initialize o end
Clear the setter_methods cache
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 144 def clear_setter_methods_cache @setter_methods = nil end
Returns the columns in the result set in their original order. Generally, this will use the columns determined via the database schema, but in certain cases (e.g. models that are based on a joined dataset) it will use Dataset#columns to find the columns.
Artist.columns # => [:id, :name]
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 155 def columns @columns || set_columns(dataset.naked.columns) end
Creates instance using new with the given values and block, and saves it.
Artist.create(:name=>'Bob') # INSERT INTO artists (name) VALUES ('Bob') Artist.create do |a| a.name = 'Jim' end # INSERT INTO artists (name) VALUES ('Jim')
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 167 def create(values = {}, &block) new(values, &block).save end
Returns the dataset associated with the Model class. Raises an Error if there is no associated dataset for this class. In most cases, you don't need to call this directly, as Model proxies many dataset methods to the underlying dataset.
Artist.dataset.all # SELECT * FROM artists
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 177 def dataset @dataset || raise(Error, "No dataset associated with #{self}") end
Alias of set_dataset
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 182 def dataset=(ds) set_dataset(ds) end
Extend the dataset with a module, similar to adding a plugin with the methods defined in DatasetMethods. This is the recommended way to add methods to model datasets.
If an argument, it should be a module, and is used to extend the underlying dataset. Otherwise an anonymous module is created, and if a block is given, it is module_evaled, allowing you do define dataset methods directly using the standard ruby def syntax. Returns the module given or the anonymous module created.
# Usage with existing module Artist.dataset_module Sequel::ColumnsIntrospection # Usage with anonymous module Artist.dataset_module do def foo :bar end end Artist.dataset.foo # => :bar Artist.foo # => :bar
Any anonymous modules created are actually instances of Sequel::Model::DatasetModule (a Module subclass), which allows you to call the subset method on them:
Artist.dataset_module do subset :released, Sequel.identifier(release_date) > Sequel::CURRENT_DATE end
Any public methods in the dataset module will have class methods created that call the method on the dataset, assuming that the class method is not already defined.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 220 def dataset_module(mod = nil) if mod raise Error, "can't provide both argument and block to Model.dataset_module" if block_given? dataset_extend(mod) mod else @dataset_module ||= DatasetModule.new(self) @dataset_module.module_eval(&Proc.new) if block_given? dataset_extend(@dataset_module) @dataset_module end end
Returns the database associated with the Model class. If this model doesn't have a database associated with it, assumes the superclass's database, or the first object in Sequel::DATABASES. If no Sequel::Database object has been created, raises an error.
Artist.db.transaction do # BEGIN Artist.create(:name=>'Bob') # INSERT INTO artists (name) VALUES ('Bob') end # COMMIT
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 243 def db return @db if @db @db = self == Model ? Sequel.synchronize{DATABASES.first} : superclass.db raise(Error, "No database associated with #{self}: have you called Sequel.connect or #{self}.db= ?") unless @db @db end
Sets the database associated with the Model class. If the model has an associated dataset, sets the model's dataset to a dataset on the new database with the same options used by the current dataset. This can be used directly on Sequel::Model to set the default database to be used by subclasses, or to override the database used for specific models:
Sequel::Model.db = DB1 Artist.db = DB2
Note that you should not use this to change the model's database at runtime. If you have that need, you should look into Sequel's sharding support.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 264 def db=(db) @db = db set_dataset(db.dataset.clone(@dataset.opts)) if @dataset end
Returns the cached schema information if available or gets it from the database. This is a hash where keys are column symbols and values are hashes of information related to the column. See Database#schema.
Artist.db_schema # {:id=>{:type=>:integer, :primary_key=>true, ...}, # :name=>{:type=>:string, :primary_key=>false, ...}}
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 277 def db_schema @db_schema ||= get_db_schema end
Create a column alias, where the column methods have one name, but the underlying storage uses a different name.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 283 def def_column_alias(meth, column) clear_setter_methods_cache overridable_methods_module.module_eval do define_method(meth){self[column]} define_method("#{meth}="){|v| self[column] = v} end end
If a block is given, define a method on the dataset (if the model currently has an dataset) with the given argument name using the given block. Also define a class method on the model that calls the dataset method. Stores the method name and block so that it can be reapplied if the model's dataset changes.
If a block is not given, just define a class method on the model for each argument that calls the dataset method of the same argument name.
It is recommended that you define methods inside a block passed to dataset_module instead of using this method, as dataset_module allows you to use normal ruby def syntax.
# Add new dataset method and class method that calls it Artist.def_dataset_method(:by_name){order(:name)} Artist.filter(:name.like('A%')).by_name Artist.by_name.filter(:name.like('A%')) # Just add a class method that calls an existing dataset method Artist.def_dataset_method(:server!) Artist.server!(:server1)
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 311 def def_dataset_method(*args, &block) raise(Error, "No arguments given") if args.empty? if block raise(Error, "Defining a dataset method using a block requires only one argument") if args.length > 1 dataset_module{define_method(args.first, &block)} else args.each{|arg| def_model_dataset_method(arg)} end end
Finds a single record according to the supplied filter. You are encouraged to use Model.[] or Model.first instead of this method.
Artist.find(:name=>'Bob') # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name = 'Bob') LIMIT 1 Artist.find{name > 'M'} # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name > 'M') LIMIT 1
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 330 def find(*args, &block) filter(*args, &block).first end
Like find but invokes create with given conditions when record does not exist. Unlike find in that the block used in this method is not passed to find, but instead is passed to create only if find does not return an object.
Artist.find_or_create(:name=>'Bob') # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name = 'Bob') LIMIT 1 # INSERT INTO artists (name) VALUES ('Bob') Artist.find_or_create(:name=>'Jim'){|a| a.hometown = 'Sactown'} # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (name = 'Jim') LIMIT 1 # INSERT INTO artists (name, hometown) VALUES ('Jim', 'Sactown')
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 346 def find_or_create(cond, &block) find(cond) || create(cond, &block) end
Returns the implicit table name for the model class, which is the demodulized, underscored, pluralized name of the class.
Artist.implicit_table_name # => :artists Foo::ArtistAlias.implicit_table_name # => :artist_aliases
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 407 def implicit_table_name pluralize(underscore(demodulize(name))).to_sym end
Clear the setter_methods cache when a module is included, as it may contain setter methods.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 352 def include(mod) clear_setter_methods_cache check_deprecated_after_initialize(mod.instance_methods) unless allowed_after_initialize_implementation?(mod) Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Model#set_values', 'Please override Model.call, Model#_refresh_set_values, and/or Model#_create_set_values depending on the type of behavior you want to change') if mod.public_instance_methods.map{|x| x.to_s}.include?('set_values') && mod.name.to_s !~ /\ASequel::(Model|Model::Associations|Plugins::(ForceEncoding|Serialization|TypecastOnLoad|Composition|PreparedStatementsSafe|Dirty|PgTypecastOnLoad))::InstanceMethods\z/ super end
If possible, set the dataset for the model subclass as soon as it is created. Also, make sure the inherited class instance variables are copied into the subclass.
Sequel queries the database to get schema information as soon as a model class is created:
class Artist < Sequel::Model # Causes schema query end
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 368 def inherited(subclass) super ivs = subclass.instance_variables.collect{|x| x.to_s} inherited_instance_variables.each do |iv, dup| next if ivs.include?(iv.to_s) if (sup_class_value = instance_variable_get(iv)) && dup sup_class_value = case dup when :dup sup_class_value.dup when :hash_dup h = {} sup_class_value.each{|k,v| h[k] = v.dup} h when Proc dup.call(sup_class_value) else raise Error, "bad inherited instance variable type: #{dup.inspect}" end end subclass.instance_variable_set(iv, sup_class_value) end unless ivs.include?("@dataset") if self == Model || !@dataset n = subclass.name unless n.nil? || n.empty? db subclass.set_dataset(subclass.implicit_table_name) rescue nil end elsif @dataset subclass.set_dataset(@dataset.clone, :inherited=>true) rescue nil end end end
Calls call with the values hash. Only for backwards compatibility.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 412 def load(values) call(values) end
Clear the setter_methods cache when a setter method is added
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 417 def method_added(meth) clear_setter_methods_cache if meth.to_s =~ SETTER_METHOD_REGEXP check_deprecated_after_initialize(meth) Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Model#set_values', 'Please override Model.call, Model#_refresh_set_values, and/or Model#_create_set_values depending on the type of behavior you want to change') if meth.to_s == 'set_values' super end
Mark the model as not having a primary key. Not having a primary key can cause issues, among which is that you won't be able to update records.
Artist.primary_key # => :id Artist.no_primary_key Artist.primary_key # => nil
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 430 def no_primary_key clear_setter_methods_cache self.simple_pk = @primary_key = nil end
Loads a plugin for use with the model class, passing optional arguments to the plugin. If the plugin is a module, load it directly. Otherwise, require the plugin from either sequel/plugins/#{plugin} or sequel_#{plugin}, and then attempt to load the module using a the camelized plugin name under Sequel::Plugins.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 440 def plugin(plugin, *args, &block) m = plugin.is_a?(Module) ? plugin : plugin_module(plugin) unless @plugins.include?(m) @plugins << m m.apply(self, *args, &block) if m.respond_to?(:apply) include(m::InstanceMethods) if plugin_module_defined?(m, :InstanceMethods) extend(m::ClassMethods)if plugin_module_defined?(m, :ClassMethods) if plugin_module_defined?(m, :DatasetMethods) dataset_extend(m::DatasetMethods, :create_class_methods=>false) # REMOVE40 m::DatasetMethods.public_instance_methods.each do |meth| unless respond_to?(meth, true) (class << self; self; end).send(:define_method, meth) do |*args, &block| Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Automatically defining Model class methods for plugin public dataset methods', "Please modify the plugin to use Plugins.def_dataset_method for #{meth}") dataset.send(meth, *args, &block) end end end end end m.configure(self, *args, &block) if m.respond_to?(:configure) end
Returns primary key attribute hash. If using a composite primary key value such be an array with values for each primary key in the correct order. For a standard primary key, value should be an object with a compatible type for the key. If the model does not have a primary key, raises an Error.
Artist.primary_key_hash(1) # => {:id=>1} Artist.primary_key_hash([1, 2]) # => {:id1=>1, :id2=>2}
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 471 def primary_key_hash(value) raise(Error, "#{self} does not have a primary key") unless key = @primary_key case key when Array hash = {} key.each_with_index{|k,i| hash[k] = value[i]} hash else {key => value} end end
Return a hash where the keys are qualified column references. Uses the given qualifier if provided, or the table_name otherwise. This is useful if you plan to join other tables to this table and you want the column references to be qualified.
Artist.filter(Artist.qualified_primary_key_hash(1)) # SELECT * FROM artists WHERE (artists.id = 1)
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 490 def qualified_primary_key_hash(value, qualifier=table_name) h = primary_key_hash(value) h.to_a.each{|k,v| h[SQL::QualifiedIdentifier.new(qualifier, k)] = h.delete(k)} h end
Restrict the setting of the primary key(s) when using mass assignment (e.g. set). Because this is the default, this only make sense to use in a subclass where the parent class has used unrestrict_primary_key.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 499 def restrict_primary_key clear_setter_methods_cache @restrict_primary_key = true end
Whether or not setting the primary key(s) when using mass assignment (e.g. set) is restricted, true by default.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 506 def restrict_primary_key? @restrict_primary_key end
REMOVE40
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 72 def restricted_columns Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Model.restricted_columns', 'Please load the blacklist_security plugin to continue using it') @restricted_columns end
Set the columns to allow when using mass assignment (e.g. set). Using this means that any columns not listed here will not be modified. If you have any virtual setter methods (methods that end in =) that you want to be used during mass assignment, they need to be listed here as well (without the =).
It may be better to use a method such as set_only or set_fields that lets you specify the allowed fields per call.
Artist.set_allowed_columns(:name, :hometown) Artist.set(:name=>'Bob', :hometown=>'Sactown') # No Error Artist.set(:name=>'Bob', :records_sold=>30000) # Error
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 521 def set_allowed_columns(*cols) clear_setter_methods_cache @allowed_columns = cols end
Sets the dataset associated with the Model class. ds can be a Symbol, LiteralString, SQL::Identifier, SQL::QualifiedIdentifier, SQL::AliasedExpression (all specifying a table name in the current database), or a Dataset. If a dataset is used, the model's database is changed to the database of the given dataset. If a dataset is not used, a dataset is created from the current database with the table name given. Other arguments raise an Error. Returns self.
This changes the row_proc of the dataset to return model objects and extends the dataset with the dataset_method_modules. It also attempts to determine the database schema for the model, based on the given dataset.
Artist.set_dataset(:tbl_artists) Artist.set_dataset(DB[:artists])
Note that you should not use this to change the model's dataset at runtime. If you have that need, you should look into Sequel's sharding support.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 546 def set_dataset(ds, opts={}) inherited = opts[:inherited] case ds when Symbol, SQL::Identifier, SQL::QualifiedIdentifier, SQL::AliasedExpression, LiteralString self.simple_table = db.literal(ds) ds = db.from(ds) when Dataset self.simple_table = if ds.send(:simple_select_all?) ds.literal(ds.first_source_table) else nil end @db = ds.db else raise(Error, "Model.set_dataset takes one of the following classes as an argument: Symbol, LiteralString, SQL::Identifier, SQL::QualifiedIdentifier, SQL::AliasedExpression, Dataset") end set_dataset_row_proc(ds) @dataset = ds @require_modification = Sequel::Model.require_modification.nil? ? @dataset.provides_accurate_rows_matched? : Sequel::Model.require_modification if inherited self.simple_table = superclass.simple_table @columns = @dataset.columns rescue nil else @dataset_method_modules.each{|m| @dataset.extend(m)} if @dataset_method_modules end @dataset.model = self if @dataset.respond_to?(:model=) check_non_connection_error{@db_schema = (inherited ? superclass.db_schema : get_db_schema)} reset_instance_dataset self end
Sets the primary key for this model. You can use either a regular or a composite primary key. To not use a primary key, set to nil or use no_primary_key. On most adapters, Sequel can automatically determine the primary key to use, so this method is not needed often.
class Person < Sequel::Model # regular key set_primary_key :person_id end class Tagging < Sequel::Model # composite key set_primary_key [:taggable_id, :tag_id] end
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 591 def set_primary_key(*key) Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Calling set_primary_key without arguments is deprecated and will raise an exception in Sequel 4. Please use no_primary_key to mark the model as not having a primary key.') if key.length == 0 Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Calling set_primary_key with multiple arguments is deprecated and will raise an exception in Sequel 4. Please pass an array of keys to setup a composite primary key.') if key.length > 1 clear_setter_methods_cache key = key.flatten self.simple_pk = if key.length == 1 (@dataset || db).literal(key.first) else nil end @primary_key = (key.length == 1) ? key[0] : key end
Set the columns to restrict when using mass assignment (e.g. set). Using this means that attempts to call setter methods for the columns listed here will cause an exception or be silently skipped (based on the strict_param_setting setting). If you have any virtual setter methods (methods that end in =) that you want not to be used during mass assignment, they need to be listed here as well (without the =).
It's generally a bad idea to rely on a blacklist approach for security. Using a whitelist approach such as set_allowed_columns or the instance level set_only or set_fields methods is usually a better choice. So use of this method is generally a bad idea.
Artist.set_restricted_columns(:records_sold) Artist.set(:name=>'Bob', :hometown=>'Sactown') # No Error Artist.set(:name=>'Bob', :records_sold=>30000) # Error
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 618 def set_restricted_columns(*cols) clear_setter_methods_cache Sequel::Deprecation.deprecate('Model.set_restricted_columns', 'Please switch to Model.set_allowed_columns or use the blacklist_security plugin') @restricted_columns = cols end
Cache of setter methods to allow by default, in order to speed up new/set/update instance methods.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 625 def setter_methods @setter_methods ||= if allowed_columns allowed_columns.map{|x| "#{x}="} else meths = instance_methods.collect{|x| x.to_s}.grep(SETTER_METHOD_REGEXP) - RESTRICTED_SETTER_METHODS meths -= Array(primary_key).map{|x| "#{x}="} if primary_key && restrict_primary_key? meths -= _restricted_columns.map{|x| "#{x}="} if _restricted_columns meths end end
Sets up a dataset method that returns a filtered dataset. Sometimes thought of as a scope, and like most dataset methods, they can be chained. For example:
Topic.subset(:joes, :username.like('%joe%')) Topic.subset(:popular){num_posts > 100} Topic.subset(:recent){created_on > Date.today - 7}
Allows you to do:
Topic.joes.recent.popular
to get topics with a username that includes joe that have more than 100 posts and were created less than 7 days ago.
Both the args given and the block are passed to Dataset#filter.
This method creates dataset methods that do not accept arguments. To create dataset methods that accept arguments, you should use define a method directly inside a dataset_module block.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 658 def subset(name, *args, &block) dataset_module.subset(name, *args, &block) end
Returns name of primary table for the dataset. If the table for the dataset is aliased, returns the aliased name.
Artist.table_name # => :artists Sequel::Model(:foo).table_name # => :foo Sequel::Model(:foo___bar).table_name # => :bar
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 668 def table_name dataset.first_source_alias end
Allow the setting of the primary key(s) when using the mass assignment methods. Using this method can open up security issues, be very careful before using it.
Artist.set(:id=>1) # Error Artist.unrestrict_primary_key Artist.set(:id=>1) # No Error
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 678 def unrestrict_primary_key clear_setter_methods_cache @restrict_primary_key = false end
Return the model instance with the primary key, or nil if there is no matching record.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 684 def with_pk(pk) primary_key_lookup(pk) end
Return the model instance with the primary key, or raise NoMatchingRow if there is no matching record.
# File lib/sequel/model/base.rb, line 689 def with_pk!(pk) with_pk(pk) || raise(NoMatchingRow) end
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