## Tcl8.6.0/Tk8.6.0 Documentation > Tcl Commands, version 8.6.0 > encoding

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  NAME
    encoding — Manipulate encodings
  SYNOPSIS
  INTRODUCTION
  DESCRIPTION
    encoding convertfrom ?encoding? data
    encoding convertto ?encoding? string
    encoding dirs ?directoryList?
    encoding names
    encoding system ?encoding?
  EXAMPLE
  SEE ALSO
  KEYWORDS

### NAME

encoding — Manipulate encodings

### SYNOPSIS

encoding option ?arg arg ...?

### INTRODUCTION

Strings in Tcl are encoded using 16-bit Unicode characters. Different operating system interfaces or applications may generate strings in other encodings such as Shift-JIS. The encoding command helps to bridge the gap between Unicode and these other formats.

### DESCRIPTION

Performs one of several encoding related operations, depending on option. The legal options are:

encoding convertfrom ?encoding? data
  Convert data to Unicode from the specified encoding. The characters in data are treated as binary data where the lower 8-bits of each character is taken as a single byte. The resulting sequence of bytes is treated as a string in the specified encoding. If encoding is not specified, the current system encoding is used.

encoding convertto ?encoding? string
  Convert string from Unicode to the specified encoding. The result is a sequence of bytes that represents the converted string. Each byte is stored in the lower 8-bits of a Unicode character. If encoding is not specified, the current system encoding is used.

encoding dirs ?directoryList?
  Tcl can load encoding data files from the file system that describe additional encodings for it to work with. This command sets the search path for *.enc encoding data files to the list of directories directoryList. If directoryList is omitted then the command returns the current list of directories that make up the search path. It is an error for directoryList to not be a valid list. If, when a search for an encoding data file is happening, an element in directoryList does not refer to a readable, searchable directory, that element is ignored.

encoding names
  Returns a list containing the names of all of the encodings that are currently available.

encoding system ?encoding?
  Set the system encoding to encoding. If encoding is omitted then the command returns the current system encoding. The system encoding is used whenever Tcl passes strings to system calls.

### EXAMPLE

It is common practice to write script files using a text editor that produces output in the euc-jp encoding, which represents the ASCII characters as singe bytes and Japanese characters as two bytes. This makes it easy to embed literal strings that correspond to non-ASCII characters by simply typing the strings in place in the script. However, because the source command always reads files using the current system encoding, Tcl will only source such files correctly when the encoding used to write the file is the same. This tends not to be true in an internationalized setting. For example, if such a file was sourced in North America (where the ISO8859-1 is normally used), each byte in the file would be treated as a separate character that maps to the 00 page in Unicode. The resulting Tcl strings will not contain the expected Japanese characters. Instead, they will contain a sequence of Latin-1 characters that correspond to the bytes of the original string. The encoding command can be used to convert this string to the expected Japanese Unicode characters. For example,

    set s [encoding convertfrom euc-jp "\xA4\xCF"]

would return the Unicode string “\u306F”, which is the Hiragana letter HA.

### SEE ALSO

Tcl_GetEncoding

### KEYWORDS

encoding, unicode
Copyright © 1998 by Scriptics Corporation.