    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # File:         ExifTool_config  -->  ~/.ExifTool_config
    #
    # Description:  Sample user configuration file for Image::ExifTool
    #
    # Notes:        This example file shows how to define your own shortcuts and
    #               add new EXIF, IPTC, XMP, PNG, MIE and Composite tags, as well
    #               as how to specify preferred lenses for the LensID tag and
    #               define default values for ExifTool options.
    #
    #               Note that unknown tags may be extracted even if they aren't
    #               defined, but tags must be defined to be written.  Also note
    #               that it is possible to override an existing tag definition
    #               with a user-defined tag.
    #
    #               To activate this file, rename it to ".ExifTool_config" and
    #               place it in your home directory or the exiftool application
    #               directory.  (On Windows and Mac systems this must be done via
    #               the command line since the GUI's don't allow filenames to begin
    #               with a dot.  Use the "rename" command in Windows or "mv" on the
    #               Mac.)  This causes ExifTool to automatically load the file when
    #               run.  Your home directory is determined by the first defined of
    #               the following environment variables:
    #
    #                   1. EXIFTOOL_HOME
    #                   2. HOME
    #                   3. HOMEDRIVE + HOMEPATH
    #                   4. (the current directory)
    #
    #               Alternatively, the -config option of the exiftool application
    #               may be used to load a specific configuration file (note that
    #               it must be the first option on the command line):
    #
    #                   exiftool -config ExifTool_config ...
    #
    #               This sample file defines the following 16 new tags as well as a
    #               number of Shortcut and Composite tags:
    #
    #                   1.  EXIF:NewEXIFTag
    #                   2.  GPS:GPSPitch
    #                   3.  GPS:GPSRoll
    #                   4.  IPTC:NewIPTCTag
    #                   5.  XMP-xmp:NewXMPxmpTag
    #                   6.  XMP-exif:GPSPitch
    #                   7.  XMP-exif:GPSRoll
    #                   8.  XMP-xxx:NewXMPxxxTag1
    #                   9.  XMP-xxx:NewXMPxxxTag2
    #                  10.  XMP-xxx:NewXMPxxxTag3
    #                  11.  XMP-xxx:NewXMPxxxStruct
    #                  12.  PNG:NewPngTag1
    #                  13.  PNG:NewPngTag2
    #                  14.  PNG:NewPngTag3
    #                  15.  MIE-Meta:NewMieTag1
    #                  16.  MIE-Test:NewMieTag2
    #
    #               For detailed information on the definition of tag tables and
    #               tag information hashes, see lib/Image/ExifTool/README.
    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    # Shortcut tags are used when extracting information to simplify
    # commonly used commands.  They can be used to represent groups
    # of tags, or to provide an alias for a tag name.
    %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Shortcuts = (
        MyShortcut => ['exif:createdate','exposuretime','aperture'],
        MyAlias => 'FocalLengthIn35mmFormat',
    );

    # NOTE: All tag names used in the following tables are case sensitive.

    # The %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined hash defines new tags to be added
    # to existing tables.
    %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined = (
        # All EXIF tags are added to the Main table, and WriteGroup is used to
        # specify where the tag is written (default is ExifIFD if not specified):
        'Image::ExifTool::Exif::Main' => {
            0xd000 => {
                Name => 'NewEXIFTag',
                Writable => 'int16u',
                WriteGroup => 'IFD0',
            },
            # add more user-defined EXIF tags here...
        },
        # the Geotag feature writes these additional GPS tags if available:
        'Image::ExifTool::GPS::Main' => {
            0xd000 => {
                Name => 'GPSPitch',
                Writable => 'rational64s',
            },
            0xd001 => {
                Name => 'GPSRoll',
                Writable => 'rational64s',
            },
        },
        # IPTC tags are added to a specific record type (ie. application record):
        # (Note: IPTC tag ID's are limited to the range 0-255)
        'Image::ExifTool::IPTC::ApplicationRecord' => {
            240 => {
                Name => 'NewIPTCTag',
                Format => 'string[0,16]',
            },
            # add more user-defined IPTC ApplicationRecord tags here...
        },
        # XMP tags may be added to existing namespaces:
        'Image::ExifTool::XMP::xmp' => {
            NewXMPxmpTag => { Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
            # add more user-defined XMP-xmp tags here...
        },
        # special Geotag tags for XMP-exif:
        'Image::ExifTool::XMP::exif' => {
            GPSPitch => { Writable => 'rational', Groups => { 2 => 'Location' } },
            GPSRoll  => { Writable => 'rational', Groups => { 2 => 'Location' } },
        },
        # new XMP namespaces (ie. xxx) must be added to the Main XMP table:
        'Image::ExifTool::XMP::Main' => {
            xxx => { # <-- must be the same as the NAMESPACE prefix
                SubDirectory => {
                    TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::xxx',
                    # (see the definition of this table below)
                },
            },
            # add more user-defined XMP namespaces here...
        },
        # new PNG tags are added to the PNG::TextualData table:
        'Image::ExifTool::PNG::TextualData' => {
            NewPngTag1 => { },
            NewPngTag2 => { },
            NewPngTag3 => { },
        },
        # add a new MIE tag (MieTag1) and group (MIE-Test) to MIE-Meta
        # (Note: MIE group names must NOT end with a number)
        'Image::ExifTool::MIE::Meta' => {
            NewMieTag1 => {
                Writable => 'rational64u',
                Units => [ 'cm', 'in' ],
            },
            Test => {
                SubDirectory => {
                    TagTable => 'Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::MIETest',
                    DirName => 'MIE-Test',
                },
            },
        },
        # Composite tags are added to the Composite table:
        'Image::ExifTool::Composite' => {
            # Composite tags are unique:  The Require/Desire elements specify
            # tags that must/may exist, and the keys of these hashes are used as
            # indices in the @val array of the ValueConv expression to access
            # the numerical (-n) values of these tags.  All Require'd tags must
            # exist for the Composite tag to be evaluated.  If no Require'd tags
            # are specified, then at least one of the Desire'd tags must exist.
            # See the Composite table in Image::ExifTool::Exif for more
            # examples, and lib/Image/ExifTool/README for all of the details.
            BaseName => {
                Require => {
                    0 => 'FileName',
                },
                # remove the extension from FileName
                ValueConv => 'my $name=$val[0]; $name=~s/\..*?$//; $name',
            },
            # the next few examples demonstrate simplifications which may be
            # used if only one tag is Require'd or Desire'd:
            # 1) the Require lookup may be replaced with a simple tag name
            # 2) "$val" may be used to represent "$val[0]" in the expression
            FileExtension => {
                Require => 'FileName',
                ValueConv => '$val=~/\.([^.]*)$/; $1',
            },
            # override CircleOfConfusion tag to use D/1750 instead of D/1440
            CircleOfConfusion => {
                Require => 'ScaleFactor35efl',
                Groups => { 2 => 'Camera' },
                ValueConv => 'sqrt(24*24+36*36) / ($val * 1750)',
                # an optional PrintConv may be used to format the value
                PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.3f mm",$val)',
            },
            # generate a description for this file type
            FileTypeDescription => {
                Require => 'FileType',
                ValueConv => 'GetFileType($val,1) || $val',
            },
            # calculate physical image size based on resolution
            PhysicalImageSize => {
                Require => {
                    0 => 'ImageWidth',
                    1 => 'ImageHeight',
                    2 => 'XResolution',
                    3 => 'YResolution',
                    4 => 'ResolutionUnit',
                },
                ValueConv => '$val[0]/$val[2] . " " . $val[1]/$val[3]',
                # (the @prt array contains print-formatted values)
                PrintConv => 'sprintf("%.1fx%.1f $prt[4]", split(" ",$val))',
            },
            # [advanced] select largest JPEG preview image
            BigImage => {
                Desire => {
                    0 => 'JpgFromRaw',
                    1 => 'PreviewImage',
                    2 => 'OtherImage',
                    # (DNG and A100 ARW may be have 2 PreviewImage's)
                    3 => 'PreviewImage (1)',
                },
                # ValueConv may also be a code reference
                # Inputs: 0) reference to list of values, 1) ExifTool object
                ValueConv => sub {
                    my $val = shift;
                    my ($image, $bigImage, $len, $bigLen);
                    foreach $image (@$val) {
                        next unless ref $image eq 'SCALAR';
                        # check for JPEG image (or "Binary data" if -b not used)
                        next unless $$image =~ /^(\xff\xd8\xff|Binary data (\d+))/;
                        $len = $2 || length $$image; # get image length
                        # save largest image
                        next if defined $bigLen and $bigLen >= $len;
                        $bigLen = $len;
                        $bigImage = $image;
                    }
                    return $bigImage;
                },
            },
        },
    );

    # This is a basic example of the definition for a new XMP namespace.
    # This table is referenced through a SubDirectory tag definition
    # in the %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined definition above.
    # The namespace prefix for these tags is 'xxx', which corresponds to
    # an ExifTool family 1 group name of 'XMP-xxx'.
    %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::xxx = (
        GROUPS => { 0 => 'XMP', 1 => 'XMP-xxx', 2 => 'Image' },
        NAMESPACE => { 'xxx' => 'http://ns.myname.com/xxx/1.0/' },
        WRITABLE => 'string',
        # replace "NewXMPxxxTag1" with your own tag name (ie. "MyTag")
        NewXMPxxxTag1 => { Writable => 'lang-alt' },
        NewXMPxxxTag2 => { Groups => { 2 => 'Author' } },
        NewXMPxxxTag3 => { List => 'Bag' },
        # example structured XMP tag
        NewXMPxxxStruct => {
            # the "Struct" entry defines the structure fields
            Struct => {
                # optional namespace prefix and URI for structure fields
                # (required only if different than NAMESPACE above)
                NAMESPACE => { 'test' => 'http://x.y.z/test/' },
                # optional structure name (used for warning messages only)
                STRUCT_NAME => 'MyStruct',
                # optional rdf:type property for the structure
                TYPE => 'http://x.y.z/test/xystruct',
                # structure fields (very similar to tag definitions)
                X => { Writable => 'integer' },
                Y => { Writable => 'integer' },
                # a nested structure...
                Things => {
                    List => 'Bag',
                    Struct => {
                        NAMESPACE => { thing => 'http://x.y.z/thing/' },
                        What  => { },
                        Where => { },
                    },
                },
            },
            List => 'Seq', # structures may also be elements of a list
        },
        # Each field in the structure has an automatically-generated
        # corresponding flattened tag with an ID that is the concatenation
        # of the original structure tag ID and the field name (after
        # capitalizing the first letter of the field name if necessary).
        # The Name and/or Description of these flattened tags may be changed
        # if desired, but all other tag properties are taken from the
        # structure field definition.  When this is done, the "Flat" flag
        # must also be set in the tag definition.  For example:
        NewXMPxxxStructX => { Name => 'SomeOtherName', Flat => 1 },
    );

    # Adding a new MIE group requires a few extra definitions
    use Image::ExifTool::MIE;
    %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::MIETest = (
        %Image::ExifTool::MIE::tableDefaults,   # default MIE table entries
        GROUPS      => { 0 => 'MIE', 1 => 'MIE-Test', 2 => 'Document' },
        WRITE_GROUP => 'MIE-Test',
        NewMieTag2  => { },     # new user-defined tag in MIE-Test group
    );

    # A special 'Lenses' list can be defined to give priority to specific lenses
    # in the logic to determine a lens model for the Composite:LensID tag
    @Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Lenses = (
        'Sigma AF 10-20mm F4-5.6 EX DC',
        'Tokina AF193-2 19-35mm f/3.5-4.5',
    );

    # Specify default ExifTool option values
    # (see the Options function documentation for available options)
    %Image::ExifTool::UserDefined::Options = (
        CoordFormat => '%.6f',  # change default GPS coordinate format
        Duplicates => 1,        # make -a default for the exiftool app
        GeoMaxHDOP => 4,        # ignore GPS fixes with HDOP > 4
    );

    #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    1;  #end

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