Bacula 1.30 User's Guide Chapter 7
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The Console Restore Command

Bacula Console

General

The Bacula Console (sometimes called the User Agent) is a program that allows the user or the System Administrator, to interact with the Bacula Director daemon while the daemon is running.

The current Bacula Console comes in two versions: a shell interface (TTY style), and a GNOME GUI interface. Both permit the administrator or authorized users to interact with Bacula. You can determine the status of a particular job, examine the contents of the Catalog as well as perform certain tape manipulations with the Console program.

Since the Console program interacts with the Director by the network, your Console and Director programs do not necessarily need to run on the same machine.

In fact, a certain minimal knowledge of the Console program is needed in order for Bacula to be able to write on more than one tape, because when Bacula requests a new tape, it waits until the user, via the Console program, indicates that the new tape is mounted.

Configuration

When the Console starts, it reads a standard Bacula configuration file named console.conf or gnome-console.conf in the case of the GNOME Console version. This file allows default configuration of the Console, and at the current time, the only Resource Record defined is the Director resource, which gives the Console the name and address of the Director. For more information on configuration of the Console program, please see the Console Configuration File Chapter of this document.

Running the Console Program

After launching the Console program, it will prompt you for the next command with an asterisk (*). (Note, in the GNOME version, the prompt is not present; you simply enter the commands you want in the command text box at the bottom of the screen.) Generally, for all commands, you can simply enter the command name and the Console program will prompt you for the necessary arguments. Alternatively, in most cases, you may enter the command followed by arguments. The general format is:
 <command> <keyword1>[=<argument1>] <keyword2>[=<argument2>] ...
where command is one of the commands listed below; keyword is one of the keywords listed below (usually followed by an argument); and argument is the value.

For example:
list files jobid=23
will list all files saved for JobId 23. Or:
show pools
will display all the Pool resource records.

Stopping the Console Program

Normally, you simply enter quit or exit and the Console program will terminate. However, it waits until the Director acknowledges the command. If the Director is already doing a lengthy command (e.g. prune), it may take some time. If you want to immediately terminate the Console program, enter the .quit command.

There is currently no way to interrupt a Console command once issued (i.e. ctl-C does not work). However, if you are at a prompt that is asking you to select one of several possibilities and you would like to abort the command, you can enter a period (.), and in most cases, you will either be returned to the main command prompt or if appropriate the previous prompt (in the case of nested prompts). In a few places such as where it is asking for a Volume name, the period will be taken to be the Volume name. In that case, you will most likely be able to cancel at the next prompt.

Console Commands

The following commands are currently implemented:
add
This command is used to add Volumes to an existing Pool. The Volume names entered are placed in the Catalog and thus become available for backup operations. Normally, the label command is used rather than this command because the label command labels the physical media (tape) and does the equivalent of the add command. This command affects only the Catalog and not the physical media. The physical media must exist and be labeled before use (usually with the label command). This command can, however, be useful if you wish to add a number of Volumes to the Pool that will be physically labeled at a later time. It can also be useful if you are importing a tape from another site.
autodisplay
This command accepts on or off as an argument, and turns auto-display of messages on or off respectively. The default for the console program is off, which means that you will be notified when there are console messages pending, but they will not automatically be displayed. The default for the gnome-console program is on, which means that messages will be displayed when they are received (usually within 5 seconds of them being generated).

When autodisplay is turned off, you must explicitly retrieve the messages with the messages command. When autodisplay is turned on, the messages will be displayed on the console as they are received.

automount
This command accepts on or off as the argument, and turns auto-mounting of the tape after a label command on or off respectively. The default is on. If automount is turned off, you must explicitly mount the tape after a label command to use it.
cancel
This command is used to cancel a job and accepts jobid=nnn or job=xxx as an argument where nnn is replaced by the JobId and xxx is replaced by the job name. If you do not specify a keyword, the Console program will prompt you with the names of all the active jobs allowing you to choose one.

Once a Job is marked to be canceled, it may take a bit of time (generally within a minute) before it actually terminates, depending on what operations it is doing. If a Job is waiting for a tape to be mounted, it will normally check every 20 minutes. You can cause it to be immediately check (and thus canceled) by issuing a mount command from the Console.

create
This command is used to create a Pool record in the database using the Pool resource record defined in the Director's configuration file. So in a sense, this command simply transfers the information from the Pool resource in the configuration file into the Catalog. Normally this command is done automatically for you when the Director starts. If you use this command on an existing Pool, it will automatically update the Catalog to have the same information as the Pool resource. After creating a Pool, you will most likely use the label command to label one or more volumes and add their names to the Media database.

When starting a Job, when Bacula determines that there is no Pool record in the database, but there is a Pool resource of the appropriate name, it will create it for you.

delete
The delete command is used to delete a Pool record from the Catalog as well as all associated Volume records that were created. This command is very dangerous and we strongly recommend that you do not use it unless you know what you are doing.

The full form of this command is:

delete pool=<pool-name>

or

delete media pool=<pool-name> volume=<volume-name>

The first form deletes a Pool record from the catalog database. The second form deletes a Volume record from the specified pool in the catalog database.

help
This command displays the list of commands available.
label
This command is used to label physical volumes. The full form of this command is:

label storage=<storage-name> volume=<volume-name>

If you leave out any part, you will be prompted for it. The media type is automatically taken from the Storage resource definition that you supply. Once the necessary information is obtained, the Console program contacts the specified Storage daemon and requests that the tape be labeled. If the tape labeling is successful, the Console program will create a Volume record in the appropriate Pool.

The label command can fail for a number of reasons:

  1. The Volume name you specify is already in the Volume database.
  2. The Storage daemon has a tape already mounted on the device, in which case you must unmount the device, insert a blank tape, then do the label command.
  3. The tape in the device is already a Bacula labeled tape. (Bacula will never relabel a Bacula labeled tape).
  4. There is no tape in the drive.

There are two ways to relabel a volume that already has a Bacula label. The brute force method is to write an end of file mark on the tape using the system mt program, something like the following:

       mt -f /dev/st0 rewind
       mt -f /dev/st0 weof
       
Then you use the label command to add a new label. However, this could leave traces of the old volume in the catalog.

The preferable method to relabel a tape is to first purge the volume, either automatically, or explicitly with the purge command, then use the relabel command described below.

list
The list command lists the requested contents of the Catalog. The various fields of each record are listed on a single line. If there The various forms of the list command are:

list jobs

list jobid=<id>

list job=<job-name>

list jobmedia

list jobmedia jobid=<id>

list jobmedia job=<job-name>

list files jobid=<id>

list files job=<job-name>

list pools

list clients

list jobtotals

list volumes

list volumes jobid=<id>

list volumes pool=<pool-name>

list volumes job=<job-name>

list volume=<volume-name>

If you wish to add specialized commands that list the contents of the catalog, you can do so by adding them to the query.sql file. However, this takes some knowledge of programming SQL. Please see the query command below for additional information. See below for listing the full contents of a catalog record with the llist command.

As an example, the command list pools might produce the following output:

      +--------+---------+---------+---------+----------+-------------+
      | PoolId | Name    | NumVols | MaxVols | PoolType | LabelFormat |
      +--------+---------+---------+---------+----------+-------------+
      |      1 | Default |       0 |       0 | Backup   | *           |
      |      2 | Recycle |       0 |       8 | Backup   | File        |
      +--------+---------+---------+---------+----------+-------------+
      
llist
The llist or "long list" command takes all the same arguments that the list command described above does. The difference is that the llist command list the full contents of each database record selected. It does so by listing the various fields of the record vertically, with one field per line. It is possible to produce a very large number of output lines with this command.

If instead of the list pools as in the example above, you enter llist pools you might get the following output:

          PoolId: 1
            Name: Default
         NumVols: 0
         MaxVols: 0
         UseOnce: 0
      UseCatalog: 1
 AcceptAnyVolume: 1
    VolRetention: 1,296,000
  VolUseDuration: 86,400
      MaxVolJobs: 0
     MaxVolBytes: 0
       AutoPrune: 0
         Recycle: 1
        PoolType: Backup
     LabelFormat: *

          PoolId: 2
            Name: Recycle
         NumVols: 0
         MaxVols: 8
         UseOnce: 0
      UseCatalog: 1
 AcceptAnyVolume: 1
    VolRetention: 3,600
  VolUseDuration: 3,600
      MaxVolJobs: 1
     MaxVolBytes: 0
       AutoPrune: 0
         Recycle: 1
        PoolType: Backup
     LabelFormat: File
      
messages
This command causes any pending console messages to be immediately displayed.
mount
The mount command is used to mount a volume on a physical device. This command is used only if there is no Volume in a drive and Bacula requests a mount or when you have specifically unmounted a Volume with the unmount console command. The various forms of the mount command are:

mount storage=<storage-name>

mount [ jobid=<id> | job=<job-name> ]

If you have specified Automatic Mount = yes in the Storage daemon's Device resource, under most circumstances, Bacula will automatically access the Volume unless you have explicitly unmounted it in the Console program.

prune
The Prune command allows you to safely remove expired database records from Jobs and Volumes. In all cases, the Prune command applies a retention period to the specified records. You can Prune expired File entries from Job records; you can Prune expired Job records from the database, and you can Prune both expired Job and File records from specified Volumes.
purge
The Purge command will delete associated records from Jobs and Volumes without considering the retention period. This command is dangerous beause you can delete records associated with current backups of files, and we recommend that you do not use it unless you know what you are doing.
relabel
This command is used to label physical volumes. The full form of this command is:

label storage=<storage-name> volume=<newvolume-name> name=<old-volume-name>

If you leave out any part, you will be prompted for it. In order for the Volume (old-volume-name) to be relabeled, it must be in the catalog, and the volume status must be marked Purged. This happens automatically as a result of applying retention periods, or you may explicitly purge the volume using the purge command.

Once the volume is relabeled, the old data is lost and cannot be recovered.

restore
The restore command allows you to select one or more Jobs (JobIds) to be restored using various methods. Once the JobIds are selected, the File records for those Jobs are placed in an internal Bacula directory tree, and the restore enters a file selection mode that allows you to interactively walk up and down the file tree selecting individual files to be restored. This mode is somewhat similar to the standard Unix restore program's interactive file selection mode.

For details of the restore command, please see the Restore Chapter of this manual.

run
This command allows you to schedule jobs to be run immediately. The full form of the command is:

run job=<job-name> client=<client-name> fileset=<FileSet-name> level=<level-keyword> storage=<storage-name> where=<directory-prefix> when=<universal-time-specification>

Any information that is needed but not specified will be listed for selection, and before starting the job, you will be prompted to accept, reject, or modify the parameters of the job to be run.

On my system, when I enter a run command, I get the following prompt:

A job name must be specified.
The defined Job resources are:
     1: Matou
     2: Polymatou
     3: Rufus
     4: Minimatou
     5: Minou
     6: PmatouVerify
     7: MatouVerify
     8: RufusVerify
     9: Watchdog
Select Job resource (1-9):
     
If I then select number 5, I am prompted with:
Run Backup job
JobName:  Minou
FileSet:  Minou Full Set
Level:    Incremental
Client:   Minou
Storage:  DLTDrive
Pool:     Default
When:     2003-04-23 17:08:18
OK to run? (yes/mod/no):
     
If I now enter yes, the Job will be run. If I enter mod, I will be presented with the following prompt.
Parameters to modify:
     1: Level
     2: Storage
     3: Job
     4: FileSet
     5: Client
     6: When
     7: Pool
Select parameter to modify (1-7):
     
If you wish to start a job at a later time, you can do so by setting the When time. Use the mod option and select When (no. 6). Then enter the desired start time in YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS format.
setdebug
This command is used to set the debug level in each daemon. The form of this command is:

setdebug level=nn [client=<client-name> | dir | director | storage=<storage-name> | all]

show
The show command will list the Director's resource records as defined in the Director's configuration file (normally bacula-dir.conf). This command is used mainly for debugging purposes by developers. Don't confuse this command with the list, which displays the contents of the catalog.
sqlquery
The sqlquery command puts the Console program into SQL query mode where each line you enter is concatenated to the previous line until a semicolon (;) is seen. The semicolon terminates the command, which is then passed directly to the SQL database engine. When the output from the SQL engine is displayed, the formation of a new SQL command begins. To terminate SQL query mode and return to the Console command prompt, you enter a period (.) in column 1.

Using this command, you can query the SQL catalog database directly. Note you should really know what you are doing otherwise you could damage the catalog database. See the query command below for simpler and safer way of entering SQL queries.

Depending on what database engine you are using (MySQL or SQLite), you will have somewhat different SQL commands available. For more detailed information, please refer to the MySQL or SQLite documentation.

status
This command will display the status of the next jobs that are scheduled during the next twenty-four hours as well as the status of currently running jobs.
unmount
This command causes the indicated Bacula Storage daemon to unmount the specified device. The forms of the command are the same as the mount command:

unmount storage=<storage-name>

unmount [ jobid=<id> | job=<job-name> ]

update
This command will update catalog for either a specific Pool record, a Volume record, or the Slots in an autochanger with barcode capability. In the case of updating a Pool record, the new information will be automatically taken from the corresponding Director's configuration resource record. It can be used to increase the maximum number of volumes permitted or to set a maximum number of volumes.

In the case of updating a Volume, you will be prompted for which value you wish to change. The following Volume parameters may be changed:

 
         Volume Status
         Volume Retention Period
         Volume Use Duration
         Maximum Volume Jobs
         Maximum Volume Bytes
         Recycle Flag
         Slot
         Volume Files
      

For slots update slots, Bacula will obtain a list of slots and their barcodes from the Storage daemon, and for each barcode found, it will automatically update the slot in the catalog Media record to correspond to the new value. This is very useful if you have moved cassettes in the magazine, or if you have removed the magazine and inserted a different one.

use
This command allows you to specify which Catalog database to use. Normally, you will be using only one database so this will be done automatically. In the case that you are using more than one database, you can use this command to switch from one to another.
version
The command prints the Director's version.
quit
This command terminates the console program. The console program sends the quit request to the Director and waits for acknowledgment. If the Director is busy doing a previous command for you that has not terminated, it may take some time. You may quit immediately by issuing the .quit command (i.e. quit preceded by a period).
query
This command reads a predefined SQL query from the query file (the name and location of the query file is defined with the QueryFile resource record in the Director's configuration file). You are prompted to select a query from the file, and possibly enter one or more parameters, then the command is submitted to the Catalog database SQL engine.

The following queries are currently available (version 1.24):

Available queries:
     1: List Job totals:
     2: List where a file is saved:
     3: List where the most recent copies of a file are saved:
     4: List total files/bytes by Job:
     5: List total files/bytes by Volume:
     6: List last 20 Full Backups for a Client:
     7: List Volumes used by selected JobId:
     8: List Volumes to Restore All Files:
     9: List where a File is saved:
Choose a query (1-9):
      
exit
This command terminates the console program.
wait
The wait command causes the Director to pause until there are no jobs running. This command is useful in a batch situation such as regression testing where you wish to start a job and wait until that job completes before continuing.

Special dot Commands

There is a list of commands that are prefixed with a period (.). These commands are intended to be used either by batch programs or graphical user interface front-ends. They are not normally used by interactive users. Once GUI development begins, this list will be considerably expanded. The following is the list of dot commands:
.die         cause the Director to segment fault (for debugging)
.jobs        list all job names
.filesets    list all fileset names
.clients     list all client names
.msgs        return any queued messages
.quit        quit
.exit        quit

Special at Commands

Normally, all commands entered to the Console program are immediately forwarded to the Director, which may be on another machine, to be executed. However, there is a small list of at commands, all beginning with a at character (@), that will not be sent to the Director, but rather interpreted by the Console program directly. Note, these commands are implemented only in the tty console program and not in the GNOME Console. These commands are:
@input <filename>
Read and execute the commands contained in the file specified.
@output <filename> w/a
Send all following output to the filename specified either overwritting the file (w) or appending to the file (a). To redirect the output to the terminal, simply enter @output without a filename specification. WARNING: be careful not to overwrite a valid file. A typical example during a regression test might be:
    @output /dev/null
    commands ...
    @output
    
@tee <filename> w/a
Send all subsequent output to both the specified file and the terminal. It is turned off by specifying @tee without a filename.
@sleep <seconds>
Sleep the specified number of seconds.
@time
Print the current time and date.
@version
Print the Console's version.
@quit
quit
@exit
quit

Adding Volumes to a Pool

If you have used the label command to label a Volume, it will be automatically added to the Pool, and you will not need to add any media to the pool.

Alternatively, you may choose to add a number of Volumes to the pool without labeling them. At a later time when the Volume is requested by Bacula you will need to label it.

Before adding a volume, you must know the following information:

  1. The name of the Pool (normally "Default")
  2. The Media Type as specified in the Storage Resource in the Director's configuration file (e.g. "DLT8000")
  3. The number and names of the Volumes you wish to create.
For example, to add media to a Pool, you would issue the following commands to the console program:
*add
Enter name of Pool to add Volumes to: Default
Enter the Media Type: DLT8000
Enter number of Media volumes to create. Max=1000: 10
Enter base volume name: Save
Enter the starting number: 1
10 Volumes created in pool Default
*
To see what you have added, enter:
*list media pool=Default
+---------+------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------------------+
| MediaId | VolumeName | MediaType | VolStatus | VolBytes | LastWritten         |
+---------+------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------------------+
|      11 | Save0001   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
|      12 | Save0002   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
|      13 | Save0003   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
|      14 | Save0004   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
|      15 | Save0005   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
|      16 | Save0006   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
|      17 | Save0007   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
|      18 | Save0008   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
|      19 | Save0009   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
|      20 | Save0010   | DLT8000   | Append    |        0 | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 |
+---------+------------+-----------+-----------+----------+---------------------+
*
Notice that the console program automatically appended a number to the base Volume name that you specify (Save in this case). If you don't want it to append a number, you can simply answer 0 (zero) to the question "Enter number of Media volumes to create. Max=1000:", and in this case, it will create a single Volume with the exact name you specify.


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Copyright © 2000-2003
Kern Sibbald and John Walker