Transformations
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Update: 4/5/02
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#$CreationOrDestructionEvent creation
or destruction events
A specialization of #$Event-Localized. During each
instance of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent,
one or more instances of #$Entity (q.v.) come
into or go out of existence. Notable specializations of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent
include #$Manufacturing,
#$MakingSomething,
and #$Killing-Biological.
guid: bd675149-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$Event-Localized
direct generalization of:
#$DestructionEvent
#$CreationEvent
#$PhysicalCreationOrDestructionEvent
The
constant #$CreationOrDestructionEvent
has just two specs: #$CreationEvent
and #$DestructionEvent.
A #$TransformationEvent
is both a #$CreationEvent
and a #$DestructionEvent;
that is, one thing goes out of existence and another comes into existence.
#$inputs input (actor slot)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate is an #$ActorSlot that
relates a given event to an object or material that is used
in that event and thereby either used up (i.e. destroyed) or
incorporated into another object. (#$inputs EVENT OBJECT)
means that OBJECT is a pre-existing participant in (see #$preActors) the #$CreationOrDestructionEvent
EVENT which, during and due to EVENT, is either destroyed
(see #$inputsDestroyed)
or incorporated into a new entity (see #$inputsCommitted).
For example, the pigments used to paint the Mona Lisa were
#$inputs to
Leonardo's painting process; however, his brushes were not
#$inputs, even
though they were changed a little by it. In general, in
instances of #$Manufacturing,
materials or objects are inputs if they find their way into
the product manufactured or if they are destroyed in the
manufacturing process (e.g. the coke used in manufacturing steel).
guid: bd58b70d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$objectActedOn
#$outputs output
This predicate relates a particular creation or
destruction event to any of its outputs . (#$outputs EVENT
OBJECT) means that OBJECT is an output of EVENT. That is,
OBJECT is either created/produced as a result of EVENT (see
the specializations #$outputsCreated,
#$products, #$byProducts)
or something left after another thing was destroyed in EVENT
(see the specialization #$outputsRemaining).
For example, silicon chips are both #$outputsCreated
in and #$products of a
chip manufacturing process, while a hunk of scrap metal is
an #$outputsRemaining
after a car is put through a crusher. When appropriate,
instead of using #$outputs, use one of
its specializations (of which those mentioned above are the nearest).
guid: bd589803-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$postActors
#$CreationEvent creation events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent.
In each instance of #$CreationEvent,
at least one instance of #$Entity (related to the
instance of #$CreationEvent
by #$outputsCreated
(q.v.)) is brought into existence.
guid: bd58de89-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CreationOrDestructionEvent #$Action
direct generalization of: #$PhysicalCreationEvent
#$Production-Generic #$CreatingAnArtifact #$MakingAnAgreement
#$inputsCommitted input
incorporated into the end result
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$inputsCommitted
is used when some #$inputs to a
particular event is incorporated into some #$outputs of that
event, but remains recognizable rather than being destroyed.
(#$inputsCommitted
EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT exists before EVENT and
continues to exist afterwards, and as a result of EVENT,
OBJECT becomes incorporated into something created during
EVENT. Once incorporated into the output of EVENT, OBJECT
can't be independently incorporated in any other creation
event. For example, bricks that are used to build a wall
continue to exist as bricks once the wall has been built.
While a part of the wall, a brick cannot be used as an
independent input in another creation event. (See also #$outputsCreated.)
Note: there is a grey area between #$inputsCommitted
and #$inputsDestroyed;
the less possible it is to take apart the relevant #$outputs of EVENT and
get OBJECT back as an independent thing, the more likely it
is that the relationship between EVENT and OBJECT should be
#$inputsDestroyed,
rather than #$inputsCommitted.
guid: bd63edac-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$inputs #$postActors #$commitsForFutureUses
#$outputsCreated output
created (actor slot)
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
An #$ActorSlot that
relates #$CreationEvents
to things -- tangible objects or other enduring things (see
#$SomethingExisting)
-- created by those events. (#$outputsCreated
EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT doesn't exist before EVENT
but comes into existence sometime during EVENT, as a result
of EVENT. #$outputsCreated
is a specialization of #$nonDeliberateActors,
since it would in general be impossible for OBJECT to act
deliberately in its own creation.
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direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
#$IndividualLevelPredicate
direct specialization of: #$eventResults #$nonDeliberateActors
#$outputs
#$MakingSomething making events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of creation events. #$MakingSomething
is a specialization of #$CreatingAnArtifact instances of
which involve some partially tangible thing being made from
raw materials or from parts. The end result (see
#$productsCreated) might or might not be a #$Product.
guid: bd58fe38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of: #$PurposefulPhysicalAction #$PhysicalCreationEvent #$CreatingAnArtifact
direct generalization of:
#$Manufacturing
#$Constructing
#$MakingLegalAgreement making
legal agreement
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$MakingLegalAgreement
event, an instance of #$LegalAgreement
is forged.
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direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$MakingAnAgreement
#$MakingConstructionArtifact
is the atomic form of (#$MakingFn #$ConstructionArtifact)(#$MakingFn #$ConstructionArtifact)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$MakingConstructionArtifact
event, some instance of #$ConstructionArtifact
(bridges, houses, stadiums, airports, fences, etc.) is created.
guid: bd58df74-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$Collection
direct specialization of:
#$Constructing
#$PublishingWrittenMaterial issues
(information transfers)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of #$PublishingWrittenMaterial,
a book or periodical is transformed from manuscript or
typescript form to a form suitable for retail sale or public
distribution. This collection can include any kind of
publishing, from manuscript copies to print media to
electronic publishing.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$TransferOut
#$PreparingFoodOrDrink events
in which food or drink is prepared
A specialization of both #$PurposefulPhysicalAction
and #$HumanActivity.
Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
is an event in which an instance of #$FoodAndDrink is
created. An instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
may be an event in which preparation is done `from scratch',
using raw ingredients, or it may be an event in which
semi-prepared or `convenience' products (such as cake mixes,
margarita mixes, or frozen foods) are used. Typical
sub-events (see the predicate #$subEvents) in
instances of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
include activities commonly performed by cooks and/or
bartenders, including instances of #$ChoppingSomething, #$CookingFood,
#$BakingFood,
or #$MixingAlcoholicDrinks. Each instance of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
ends when the item prepared is ready to eat. Notable
specializations of #$PreparingFoodOrDrink
include #$GrillingFood, #$SteamingFood,
and #$PreparingABeverage.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$SkilledActivity #$ServiceEvent #$TransformationEvent #$PurposefulPhysicalAction
direct generalization of:
#$PreparingFoodItem
#$Constructing construction events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Constructing
event, one or more #$ConstructionArtifacts,
such as a house, are made or incrementally enlarged or remodeled.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$ServiceEvent #$MakingSomething
#$ConstructingABuilding building construction
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$ConstructingABuilding
event, a new #$Building is made
or incrementally added to.
guid: bd58c712-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Constructing
#$RoadConstructing road construction
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$RoadConstructing
event, a new #$PathForWheeledVehicles
is made or incrementally added to.
guid: bd58c755-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$Constructing
#$Manufacturing fabrications
(creation events)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Manufacturing
event, raw materials or component parts are combined to
produce a product. In a typical #$Manufacturing
process, the motivation of the manufacturer is that the
value of the #$outputs should
exceed the value of the #$inputs. #$Manufacturing
does not include related or supportive processes such as
transporting the raw materials to the manufacturing site,
scheduling done ahead of time, etc. -- the concept
#$ProductionEvent covers that bigger picture.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$MakingSomething
#$BatchManufacturingEvent batch
manufacturing event
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of manufacturing events. In each #$BatchManufacturingEvent,
the product is produced in batches, with a batch produced at
the end of each such event. #$BatchManufacturingEvents
can be applied over and over to similar inputs to produce
similar batches. Batches may consist of discrete objects or
may be masses of some stuff.
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Manufacturing
#$MassManufacturing mass production
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In a typical #$MassManufacturing
event, a mob of the same kind of product is produced in one
`production cycle'. [A `mob' is `a large number.']
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direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Manufacturing
#$ContinuousManufacturingProcess continuous
manufacturing process
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each element of this
collection is a continuous manufacturing process that can be
kept going arbitrarily long (depending on, e.g., the
availability of inputs, power, labor, etc.). Product begins
to be produced some time after the process is started and
continues to be produced during the run. A hallmark of
continuous (vs. batch or run) manufacturing is that inputs
are added continously or periodically, and outputs and
byproducts are removed continously or periodically, during
the process.
guid: bd58f831-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$Manufacturing
#$ManufacturingRun manufacturing runs
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each #$ManufacturingRun
is a single iteration of a process that intentionally
produces a stream of products. A #$ManufacturingRun
may consist of several steps, each of which is typically a
#$Manufacturing.
A #$ManufacturingRun
does not include ancillary events associated with the
manufacturing, such as collection of materials, disposal of
waste, or quality control inspection of the product. Those
other events are sibling subEvents of the #$ManufacturingRun,
within a #$ProductionEvent.
guid: bd588409-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Manufacturing
#$ManufacturingASingleObject manufacturing
a single object
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$ManufacturingASingleObject
event, manufacturing procedures are applied to only a single
object or a single chunk of stuff. This includes both
one-off creation events such as carving a statue, and also
can be a `slice' of a #$MassManufacturing
event in which all that is considered is how one single
small lump of stuff or set of parts gets acted on to become
some new thing. In the latter case, then, what is `produced'
is one car, one can of Coke, etc., even though that is just
one part or iteration of a mass manufacturing event taking place.
guid: bd58f8b7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Manufacturing
#$Assembling assemblies
(creation events)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Assembling
event, physical objects are combined by fastening them
together in some way to produce a new object.
guid: bd58b3aa-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$MakingSomething
#$Labelling labelling
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Labelling, a
label is attached to a product, typically in order to
promote the sale of that product. The label may be fastened
by any means of connection, including glue, staples, and sewing.
guid: bd590bcd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$ApplyingSomethingToSurface
#$Packing packing
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of #$Packing, some
object(s) is/are put into a package. Note: Although #$Packing is a
type of event, not a type of process, nevertheless one
sometimes `packs an item' for shipment by partially
disassembling it and then `packing it' in several packages,
and that is seen as one single instance of #$Packing, even
though each of the individual packages being packed is also
seen as a #$Packing. For a
related concept, see #$PackagingEvent.
guid: bd58f133-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$MakingSomething
#$MakingFn making fn
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$MakingFn is a
Cyc function, in particular a #$CollectionDenotingFunction.
(#$MakingFn TYPE)
denotes the set of events in which elements of some TYPE of
thing are made (whether manufactured, constructed, produced,
etc.) E.g., (#$MakingFn #$Automobile) is
the set of events in which cars are manufactured. Having
this function saves us from having to create tens of
thousands of new terms for peanut-butter-making,
business-card-making, etc.
guid: bd58b4a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$CollectionDenotingFunction
#$ReifiableFunction
#$UnaryFunction #$Individual
#$products product
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$products EV
OBJ) means that OBJ is one of the intended outputs of event
EV. For unintended outputs, see #$byProducts.
For a particular EV and OBJ, it will not be true that both
(#$products EV
OBJ) and (#$byProducts
EV OBJ).
guid: bd5906e7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$outputs
#$byProducts by-product
(actor slot)
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate relates a given purposeful action of
physically creating or destroying something to an unintended
tangible output (see #$outputs) of that
action. (#$byProducts
EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT is one of the outputs of
EVENT, but not one of its intended outputs. For intended
outputs, see #$products. Note
that no output can be _both_ a product and a by-product of
the same event, i.e. (#$negationPreds
#$products
#$byProducts) holds.
guid: bd58c25c-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$FunctionalPredicate
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$outputs
#$wasteProducts waste product
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$wasteProducts
EV OBJ) means that OBJ is one of the by-products of EV which
is disposed of, rather than used or sold. See also #$unwantedMatter.
guid: bd58c21a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$FunctionalPredicate
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$byProducts
#$ShapingSomething shaping events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events in which something (usually
more or less plastic in nature) is given a definite shape,
or has its shape changed, through the purposeful actions of
an agent. In many (but not all) cases, an instance of #$ShapingSomething
is also a #$PhysicalCreationEvent (e.g. #$MakingPottery).
Normally, elements of #$ShapingSomething
are concerned with the basic, overall shape of an object.
Thus, a #$PolishingSomething
event, which doesn't affect the basic shape of the #$objectOfStateChange,
is not a #$ShapingSomething.
guid: bd58a872-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of: #$MaterialHandling #$ShapeChangeEvent
direct generalization of: #$SpreadingOntoSurface #$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial
#$Extruding extrusions
(creation events)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Extruding
event, the shape of something is changed by forcing it
through a die. The #$objectActedOn
in an #$Extruding must
be in a #$LiquidStateOfMatter, which also includes
plastic/putty-like `solids'. Unless the die changes shape
during the #$Extruding, the
output is a generalized cylinder, whose cross-section is the
shape of the hole(s) in the die, and whose length is usually
much larger than its diameter. Sometimes the output remains
in more or less #$LiquidStateOfMatter, and so quickly loses
this shape, such as happens when a soft-ice-cream dispenser
extrudes a `ribbon' of ice cream. See also #$Molding.
guid: bd589e46-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial #$MakingSomething
#$Molding molded
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Molding, a mold
is used to form a softened substance so that it hardens into
(and retains) a specific shape.
guid: bd58f1ee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial
#$Carving carving (cutting)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Carving, the
shape of an object is changed by removing pieces of it,
usually with some kind of tool. Some instances of #$Carving are also
instances of #$IBOCreation (like
carving a statue of someone), in which some image or
information is encoded into the product; but not all are.
guid: c0ed14f6-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CuttingInPieces #$ShapingSomething
#$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial forging
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$ShapingWithoutRemovingMaterial
event, an object's shape is changed without removing part of
the original object.
guid: bd58f8a3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$ShapeChangeWithoutLosingMaterial #$ShapingSomething
direct generalization of: #$SpreadingASubstance
#$SeparationEvent separations
A sub-collection of #$PhysicalEvent.
In each instance of #$SeparationEvent,
an object is cut, scraped, broken, cracked or pulverized, so
that part of the object is no longer attached where it once
was. Note that the part need not be completely separated
from the object; it may still be attached in places. See the
specialization #$Separation-Complete
for the case of complete separation.
guid: bd58a50f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PhysicalEvent
direct generalization of:
#$DecompositionProcess
#$Separation-Complete
#$Splitting #$ShreddingEvent
#$Cracking #$CuttingSomething
#$Separation-Complete complete separations
A specialization of #$SeparationEvent.
In each instance of #$Separation-Complete,
one object is separated into two or more distinct,
unconnected pieces.
guid: bd58a48e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$SeparationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$RemovingSomething
#$SeparatingAMixture
#$ShatteringEvent
#$Ablation #$PulverizationEvent
#$CuttingInPieces
#$Ablation ablations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In an #$Ablation, a
(usually relatively thin) layer of material is removed from
the surface of an object.
guid: bd58b6b3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$RemovingSomething
direct generalization of:
#$AbradingSomething
#$FusionEvent fusing
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$FusionEvent,
two or more objects fuse together, yielding a product.
guid: bd58ad78-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalSynthesis
#$Plating plating
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Plating event,
an object made of metal is coated with a very thin layer of
a different metal. The coating process is done in such a way
as to permanently bond the two layers.
guid: bd58ad42-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of: #$ApplyingStuffToSurface
#$ElectroPlating electroplating
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$ElectroPlating
event, some metal is coated with a thin layer of another
metal, with the aid of an electric current. Some instances
of #$Galvanizing
will also be instances of this collection.
guid: bd58adba-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent
#$Galvanizing galvanizations
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Galvanizing
event, iron or steel is coated with zinc. This coating is
usually accomplished by hot-dipping, but can be done with
the aid of an electric current.
guid: bd58ab8d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of: #$ApplyingStuffToSurface
#$ApplyingSomethingToSurface applications (guided)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$ApplyingSomethingToSurface
event, something is applied to a surface.
guid: bd588cf1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of: #$MaterialHandling
direct generalization of: #$ApplyingStuffToSurface
#$SpreadingOntoSurface
#$MarkingOnASurface marking (handling)
A specialization of both #$MaterialHandling and #$IBOCreation. Each
instance of #$MarkingOnASurface
is an event in which visible markings are placed on a
surface by an agent (see the collection #$Agent). The marking
may be done by adding material to a surface (as in instances
of #$Painting-Activity) or removing material from a surface
(as in instances of #$EngravingEvent).
guid: bd588d33-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$IBOCreation #$MaterialHandling
direct generalization of:
#$WritingByHand
#$IBOCreation creations
of an information-bearing object
A specialization of both #$PhysicalCreationEvent
and #$IBTGeneration.
Each instance of #$IBOCreation is an
event in which an instance of #$InformationBearingObject
(hereafter IBO) is created. Examples of #$IBOCreation
include publishing a book, making a film, printing a
photograph, molding a plastic credit card, painting a
billboard, and minting a coin. When an IBO is created, its
content may be either original, be copied from a prior #$InformationBearingThing,
or be instantiated from an existing #$ConceptualWork.
guid: bd621044-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$HumanActivity #$IBTGeneration #$PhysicalCreationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$MarkingOnASurface
#$InformationRecordingProcess
#$BiologicalProductionEvent biological production
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$PhysicalCreationEvent
and #$BiologicalEvent.
In each instance of #$BiologicalProductionEvent,
raw materials are combined to produce a product, and at
least one instance of #$BiologicalLivingObject
(q.v.) is the producer. Specializations of #$BiologicalProductionEvent
include #$SecretionEvent
and #$BiologicalReproductionEvent.
guid: bd58c40f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$PhysicalCreationEvent #$Production-Generic #$BiologicalEvent
direct generalization of:
#$SecretionEvent
#$BiologicalReproductionEvent
#$BiologicalGrowthEvent growth
(biological event)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each element of #$BiologicalGrowthEvent,
a living structure (not necessarily a whole organism)
increases in size.
guid: bd58bcbf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$BiologicalEvent #$PhysicalCreationEvent
#$BiologicalReproductionEvent reproduction events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$BiologicalProductionEvent.
Each instance of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent
is an event in which one or more biological organisms
(related to the event by #$parentActors)
produce new organisms (related to the event by #$offspringActors),
generally of the same kind as the parents.
guid: bd58d8c5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$BiologicalProductionEvent
direct generalization of:
#$SexualReproductionEvent
#$parentActors parent
(actor slot)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$parentActors
EV P) means that organism P is one of the parents in the #$BiologicalReproductionEvent EV.
guid: bd58d9cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$preActors
#$offspringActors offspring
(actor slot)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$offspringActors
EVENT ORGANISM) means that ORGANISM is an offspring created
in the #$BiologicalReproductionEvent
EVENT .
guid: bd58d98a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$temporallyIntersects
#$AsexualReproductionEvent asexual reproduction
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each element of #$AsexualReproductionEvent,
an organism produces offspring via asexual means. E.g.,
mitotic division by instances of #$SingleCellOrganism;
and budding, root-sprouting, etc., for (various) instances
of #$Plant).
guid: bd589292-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$BiologicalReproductionEvent
#$SexualReproductionEvent sexual reproduction
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$BiologicalReproductionEvent.
In each instance of #$SexualReproductionEvent,
two #$parentActors
produce one or more offspring. Sexual activity which does
not result in offspring is not included in this concept. On
the other hand, if offspring begin to develop, but never
finish (e.g., it just hasn't finished yet, or the mother
dies, or the offspring is aborted, or the offspring doesn't
survive to independence, etc.), then that is still
considered an instance of #$SexualReproductionEvent
but an incomplete one. The example of #$SexualReproductionEvent
most familiar to most people is when two mammals, one male
and one female, mate; sperm from the male combines with one
or more eggs inside the female and the resulting offspring
develop(s), inside the female parent and dependent upon her
for nutrition, until it/they is/are born. However, #$SexualReproductionEvent
is more general than that, and would include these examples:
Two birds mate; the female lays one or more eggs; both
parents incubate the eggs until they hatch. Two fish engage
in courtship; the female expells her eggs; the male expells
his sperm on top of them, and they swim away leaving many
fertilized eggs to develop into juvenile fish. One oak
tree's flowers give off airborne pollen; some grains land on
the stigma of another tree's flower and fertilize the ovary
inside, which then develops into an acorn which is shed by
the female parent at the end of summer.
guid: bd58e9a0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$BiologicalReproductionEvent
#$BiologicalFusionEvent biological fusion
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each element of #$BiologicalFusionEvent,
living structures fuse to form a single living structure.
guid: bd58bcff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$FusionEvent #$BiologicalProductionEvent
#$ReproductiveFertilizationEvent fertilization
(biological event)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each element of #$ReproductiveFertilizationEvent,
gametes fuse to form a zygote.
guid: bd58a9d1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$FusionEvent
#$SecretionEvent secreting
A specialization of both #$EmittingAnObject
and #$BiologicalProductionEvent.
Each instance of #$SecretionEvent
is an event in which a living animal or plant secretes from
its body some instance of #$Secretion-Bodily (q.v.).
guid: bd58c3cd-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$EmittingAnObject #$BiologicalProductionEvent
#$Salivating salivated
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Salivating
event, an #$Animal
secretes #$Saliva from its #$SalivaryGlands. #$Salivating
is a natural bodily function, occurring in the #$Mouth.
guid: bd58c48f-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$MammalCapabilityType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$SecretionEvent #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
#$MilkSecretionEvent lactating
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each #$MilkSecretionEvent
is done by the mammary glands of (female) #$Mammals as a
natural process with the function of nourishing the female's
offspring. The secreted milk is stored in the mammary glands
until it is drawn out in some fashion.
guid: bd58c44a-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$SecretionEvent #$BodilyFunctionEvent-Involuntary
#$MakingAnAgreement agreement-making events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of #$CreationEvent.
Each instance of #$MakingAnAgreement
is an event in which two or more agents specify the terms of
an agreement (see the collection #$Agreement) to
which they will be agreeing parties (see the predicate #$agreeingAgents),
and subsequently enter into that agreement. Specializations
of #$MakingAnAgreement
include #$EngagementEventPart-BecomingEngaged, #$EmployeeHiring,
#$DeclaringCeaseFire,
and #$MakingAReservation.
guid: bd58a184-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CooperationEvent #$Communicating #$CreationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$EmployeeHiring
#$MakingAReservation reserved
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$MakingAReservation
event, something (e.g., a room, table, car) is reserved for
future use by an agent. If successful, the result is a #$Reservation.
guid: bd60f51d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$GainingUserRights #$MakingAnAgreement
#$DeclaringCeaseFire declaring
cease fire
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$DeclaringCeaseFire
event, some parties are #$MakingAnAgreement
to halt their armed conflict.
guid: bd58ccb5-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MakingAnAgreement
#$EmployeeHiring employee-hiring events
A specialization of both #$MakingAnAgreement
and #$OrganizationalTransferIn.
Each instance of #$EmployeeHiring
is an event in which some agent--either an organization or
an individual--hires a person to work as its employee. See
also #$employees,
#$WorkAgreement.
guid: bd58d9c8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MakingAnAgreement #$OrganizationalTransferIn
#$RegisteringForAService registration
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each #$RegisteringForAService
entails an act of recording one's identity (usually at least
by name) and making an agreement to pay for a service to be
rendered at some future time, perhaps almost immediately.
Typical examples are registering at a university,
registering to attend a conference, registering for a hotel
room, etc. Payment (or some guarantee of payment) typically
occurs at the time of registration, before the service is received.
guid: bd58afbe-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$MakingAnAgreement
#$MakingAnAppointment making
an appointment
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$MakingAnAppointment,
two or more people agree to meet at a particular time and
place, generally for some agreed-upon purpose. Sometimes,
the appointment is made between a person and an institution
(such as a medical clinic) rather than another person. Less
commonly, one might even make an appointment with oneself,
to reserve a set time to do some activity.
guid: bd58d278-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$MakingAnAgreement
#$Mixing mixed (handling)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Mixing, two or
more substances are combined to form a #$Mixture.
guid: bd58e9f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalCreationEvent #$Incorporation-Physical #$MaterialHandling
#$DiggingAHole burrows
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$DiggingAHole,
one or more agents (usually #$Animals) removes
material from some substrate (such as the soil), so that a
hole is formed. If the digger is a person, tools or heavy
equipment may be used; other organisms just use their claws,
snouts, etc. A borderline case of this concept occurs when a
plant's roots grow. Another borderline case occurs when an
animal finds an existing hole and enlarges it.
guid: bd589527-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalCreationEvent
#$DestructionEvent destruction events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of #$DestructionEvent,
at least one instance of #$Entity (the #$inputsDestroyed)
ceases to exist.
guid: bd58f920-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ExistingObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$CreationOrDestructionEvent
direct generalization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
#$inputsDestroyed thing destroyed
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The predicate #$inputsDestroyed
is used to relate a particular event to the items which are
destroyed by it. (#$inputsDestroyed
EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT exists before EVENT, is
affected by EVENT, and due to that involvement, the entity
ENTITY such that (#$entitySubAbstractions
OBJECT ENTITY) ends its existence as an #$Entity sometime during
EVENT. (As does the OBJECT as its present instantiation of
#$SomethingExisting.)
For instance, suppose (#$inputsDestroyed
AppleEatingEvent001 RedApple001), then the
SomethingExisting, RedApple001 is destroyed in the event
and, as importantly, so is the apple entity of which the red
apple is a subabstraction. OBJECT may or may not be a #$deliberateActors
in EVENT.
guid: bd658d50-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of: #$damages #$inputs
#$outputsRemaining output
remaining afterwards
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate relates physical destruction events
to surviving parts of the things destroyed in those events.
(#$outputsRemaining
EVENT OBJECT) means that OBJECT persists after EVENT, and
that it existed before EVENT as an identifiable part of one
of the things destroyed during EVENT (see #$inputsDestroyed).
Examples: (1) when a sheet of plywood is sawn through, the
original board is destroyed and the remaining-outputs are
the two smaller plywood pieces; (2) when a mixture undergoes
a #$FiltrationProcess,
the mixture itself is destroyed, while both the material
that was in suspension (see #$suspendedPart)
and the fluid it was suspended in (see #$suspendingFluid)
are remaining-outputs.
guid: bd64e092-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ActorSlot
direct specialization of:
#$preActors #$outputs
#$ShatteringEvent shattering
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$ShatteringEvent,
something is destroyed by being broken into a mob of pieces.
[A `mob' means `a large but indeterminate number of things
not arranged in any order'] Since the salient parts of the
#$inputsDestroyed
must be #$Brittle in order
for this to happen, fluids (such as liquid water) and
elastic stuff (such as rubber at room temperature) will
generally not undergo any #$ShatteringEvents.
Items which can be an #$objectActedOn
in shattering events are typically made of glass, pottery,
bone, plaster, etc. Many substances, particularly solid
metals and alloys, are extremely difficult to shatter.
guid: bd5889dc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$Separation-Complete #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
#$DisasterEvent disasters
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$DisasterEvent,
a large group of people (or, in decreasing order of
likelihood of usage of this concept, a large group of
animals, plants, corporations, etc.) are at very high risk
of injury or property damage, or in which a lot of injury
and property damage occurs even though the risk was low.
guid: c0fd58cc-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Famine
#$ShreddingEvent shredded
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$ShreddingEvent,
the #$inputsDestroyed
are destroyed by a large number of #$Ripping #$subEvents. An
example would be the tearing of office files into tiny
pieces by a machine designed for that purpose. A shirt
suddenly tearing due to pressure applied by the wearer's
muscles would, however, not be an instance of #$ShreddingEvent,
only of #$Ripping.
guid: bd58e23d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$SeparationEvent #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
#$PulverizationEvent pulverized
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$PulverizationEvent,
some #$SolidTangibleThing
is turned into #$Powder or a #$LiquidStateOfMatter through
the application of a force.
guid: bd58eccf-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$Separation-Complete #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
#$Grinding ground (handling)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Grinding event,
a substance is broken or torn into smaller pieces through
the steady application of force, typically in a circular motion.
guid: bd58b0df-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PulverizationEvent #$MaterialHandling
#$Chewing chewed
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Chewing event,
foodstuff is mashed in the mouth. An element of #$Chewing consists
of a large number of #$Biting sub-events. Anatomical
resources required for a #$Chewing are a
tongue and whatever hard surfaces the species involved uses
for #$Biting, e.g., teeth. The teeth go up and down or
grind, and the tongue maneuvers the food around.
guid: bd58cec3-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$ControllableAutonomousActionType #$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$PulverizationEvent #$VoluntaryBodyMovement
#$Blending blending
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Blending event,
the substance involved (one or more) is stirred so
vigorously that it liquefies (if it isn't already liquid) or
becomes a smoother liquid. Where two or more substances are
involved, the output is a mixture of all the substances that
were #$inputs to the
#$Blending.
guid: bd58f0a7-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$PulverizationEvent
#$BiologicalDestructionEvent biological destruction
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
and #$BiologicalEvent.
In each instance of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent,
something is destroyed by some instance(s) of #$BiologicalLivingObject
(q.v.). Notable specializations of #$BiologicalDestructionEvent
include #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent,
#$DigestionEvent,
and #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent.
guid: bd58b316-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$BiologicalEvent
direct generalization of:
#$BiologicalCatabolismEvent
#$BiologicalDecompositionEvent
#$BiologicalCatabolismEvent catabolism
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each #$BiologicalCatabolismEvent
involve the destruction of larger molecules. E.g., the
degradation of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, which
releases energy used to make ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
guid: bd58ef47-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$BiologicalMetabolismEvent #$BiologicalDestructionEvent
#$BiologicalDecompositionEvent decaying
(biological event)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent,
some living structures are decomposed.
guid: bd58b294-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$DecompositionEvent #$BiologicalDestructionEvent
direct generalization of:
#$DigestionEvent
#$Dying deaths
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each instance of #$Dying is an event
in which a living organism (an instance of #$Organism-Whole)
ceases to live and thus ceases to exist. The physical
portion of the organism may remain, but that is not
considered an instance of #$Organism-Whole
(cf. #$DeadAnimal).
Note that the expiring animal is related to its dying event
by #$bodilyDoer
(q.v.)--in contrast to the role an organism plays when it is
the #$objectActedOn
in a #$Killing-Biological
event (which will have some #$Dying event among
its #$subEvents),
and cf. #$bodilyActedOn.
guid: bd590953-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$SingleDoerAction #$BiologicalEvent
#$Killing-Biological killing
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A specialization of both #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
and #$AnimalActivity.
In each instance of #$Killing-Biological,
one living organism ends (either intentionally or
unintentionally) the life of another living organism.
guid: bd58ac2e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$MammalCapabilityType #$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$AnimalActivity #$HarmingAnAgent
#$DigestionEvent digestion
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. For most animals, a #$DigestionEvent
starts at the mouth and, for most vertebrates, ends at the
anus. This concept should not be confused with
#$DigestingInStomach, whose instances occur only in an
organism's #$Stomach. A #$DigestionEvent
spans the whole #$DigestiveSystem,
from start to finish.
guid: bd588d98-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$SingleDoerAction #$BiologicalDecompositionEvent #$AnimalActivity #$BiologicalTransportationEvent
#$EatingEvent eating (consuming)
A specialization of #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink.
Each instance of #$EatingEvent is an
event which involves the consumption of a substantial
portion of food (i.e., a portion larger than a morsel) by
one animal. Each instance of #$EatingEvent is a
meal or snack taken in its entirety; it is a series of
individual #$EatingAMorsel (q.v.) events.
guid: bd58d570-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
direct generalization of:
#$HavingAMeal
#$DrinkingEvent drinking (consuming)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of this
collection, a single individual consumes a portion of some
drink. A #$DrinkingEvent
typically consists of several instances of #$DrinkingASip.
See #$EatingEvent.
guid: bd58eeee-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$FluidFlow-Complete #$ConsumingFoodOrDrink
#$Dissolving dissolving events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of this
collection, a solvent and a solute mix to form a solution.
guid: be0116b0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent
#$SeparatingAMixture separating
a mixture
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of this
collection, a #$Mixture is
separated into two or more #$constituents.
guid: be010756-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$ReversibleProcess #$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$Separation-Complete
#$Electrolyzing electrolyses
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of #$Electrolyzing,
a liquid is subjected to the action of an electrical current
passing through it.
guid: be0118d2-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$ElectricalEvent #$SeparatingAMixture
#$FiltrationProcess filtered
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each #$FiltrationProcess
is an event in which a fluid is passed through a filter,
removing suspended particles larger than the pore size of
the filter used.
guid: bd5906a1-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$SeparatingAMixture #$Translation-Flow
#$Distilling distillation
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of this
collection, a liquid mixture is heated up to the boiling
point of at least one of its liquid #$constituents.
That constituent vaporizes and the vapor is trapped and
allowed to cool, thus separating (some or most of) that
constituent from the mixture.
guid: be010b38-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$SeparatingAMixture
#$Centrifuging centrifuging
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of this
collection, a fluid is centrifuged (ie., spun rapidly
around, simulating a very strong gravitational force) in
order to separate suspended particles of varying density.
guid: be010b9e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$SeparatingAMixture
#$TransformationEvent transforms
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of #$TransformationEvent
, at least one thing ceases to exist and at least one thing
comes into existence. Usually at least some portion of the
thing(s) destroyed becomes incorporated into the thing(s)
that are created. Note: this collection is a superset of,
but NOT coextensional with, #$TransformationProcess (q.v.).
guid: bd589b02-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of: #$PhysicalDestructionEvent #$PhysicalCreationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$PolishingSomething
#$PreparingFoodOrDrink
#$StateOfMatterChangeEvent
#$ChemicalReaction
#$TransformationProcess
#$EnergyConversionProcess
#$TransformationProcess transforms
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
The collection of #$TransformationEvents
that also are instances of #$TemporalStuffType.
That is, each of their temporal parts is also a #$TransformationEvent,
in which something is destroyed and something created. Note:
It is often the case that a #$TransformationEvent
is NOT a #$TransformationProcess
--- e.g., there may be several preparation stages, and then
at the end everything is brought together and the foaming
starts, or the butterfly emerges, or whatever transformation
occurs. So #$TransformationProcess
is a small subcollection of #$TransformationEvent (qv).
guid: bd589b87-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$TransformationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$OxidationProcess
#$DecompositionProcess
#$StateOfMatterChangeEvent physical
state change events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
#$StateOfMatterChangeEvent
is the collection of events in which some piece of matter
changes from one of the physical states of matter to
another. Such changes of state can be induced by changes in
temperature (or the equivalent in the manipulation of
kinetic energy). Each particular instance of #$Boiling, #$Freezing, #$Evaporating,
#$Condensing,
#$Melting, etc.
is an instance of #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent.
Note: Most Cyc microtheories distinguish four states of
matter, namely, #$Solid-StateOfMatter,
#$Plasma-StateOfMatter, #$Liquid-StateOfMatter,
#$Gaseous-StateOfMatter.
See #$MatterTypeByPhysicalState
and its individual state constants.
guid: bd5884ff-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$ReversibleProcess #$TransformationEvent #$IntrinsicStateChangeEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Freezing
#$Boiling #$Evaporating
#$SublimatingToSolid #$Sublimating #$Melting #$Condensing
There are two ways of viewing a #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent.
One is that a quantity of some substance changes from one
physical state to another (H2O in a liquid state changes to a
solid state in a #$Freezing
event). Under this view, #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent
is not a kind of #$TransformationEvent.
The second view is that one #$Entity is
either destroyed or created in a #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent
(frost appears on a window, dew evaporates from the grass, or a
puddle ceases to exist and a chunk of ice comes into
existence). Under this view, #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent
is indeed a subset of #$CreationOrDestructionEvent.
Cyc employs both views, each in a different #$Microtheory.
#$Boiling boiling events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each #$Boiling, a
piece of liquid matter is raised to its #$boilingPoint
and is thereby changed from being in the
#$LiquidStateOfMatter to being in the
#$GaseousStateOfMatter. Note: this is not intended to cover
the cases of heat/evacuation causing a solid to sublime
directly into a gas.
guid: bd589c37-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$StateOfMatterChangeEvent
#$Condensing condensation processes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of #$Condensing,
a gas is cooled to (or its pressure lowered to) the point
where the relative humidity (or similar partial pressure
measure if something other than water is condensing) is
greater than 100%, changing part of a component of the gas
from the #$Gaseous-StateOfMatter
to the #$Liquid-StateOfMatter.
guid: be01163d-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$HeatProductionProcess #$StateOfMatterChangeEvent
#$Melting melting events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of this
collection, an object is heated to (and then above) its #$freezingPoint
and is thereby changed from a #$SolidStateOfMatter to a #$LiquidStateOfMatter.
guid: bd58f9f4-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$StateOfMatterChangeEvent
#$Freezing freezing events
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of this
collection, an object is cooled to (and then below) its #$freezingPoint
and is thereby changed from a #$LiquidStateOfMatter to a #$SolidStateOfMatter.
guid: bd58a837-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$StateOfMatterChangeEvent #$CoolingProcess #$HeatProductionProcess
#$DecompositionProcess decomposition
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events in which some object
decomposes. I.e., in a #$DecompositionProcess
event, some object's matter undergoes chemical reactions
(sometimes mediated by microorganisms) that eventually
result in the object losing its shape and material
characteristics. This may sometimes superficially resemble
#$Melting, but
it is a different process.
guid: bd58b2de-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$TransformationProcess #$SeparationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Explosion
#$CombustionProcess
#$DecompositionEvent
#$OxidationProcess oxidation
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of this
collection, some amount of #$Oxygen reacts with (`reduces')
another substance and releases energy in the process.
guid: be010767-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$TransformationProcess
#$ChemicalReaction chemical reactions
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events; a subcollection of #$TransformationEvent.
Each instance of #$ChemicalReaction
is an event in which two or more substances undergo a
chemical change, i.e., some portions of the substances
involved are transformed into different #$ChemicalCompoundTypes.
The transformations are brought about by purely chemical
(including biochemical) means which affect chemical bonds
between atoms in the molecules of stuff, rather than by
physical means, biological means, or purposeful planning,
etc. Examples of #$ChemicalReaction:
instances of #$CombustionProcess;
instances of #$Photosynthesis-Generic.
guid: bd589bc8-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$ChemicalInteraction #$TransformationEvent
#$EnergyConversionProcess energy
conversion processes
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of #$EnergyConversionProcess,
energy is converted from one form to another.
guid: bd58f827-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
direct specialization of:
#$TransformationEvent
direct generalization of:
#$Explosion
#$CombustionProcess
#$ElectricalPowerGeneration electrical
power generation
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. In each instance of this
collection, electrical current is produced, by converting
either mechanical or chemical energy to electrical energy.
guid: c10aeb60-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$EnergyConversionProcess
#$energySource energy
source (binary role predicate)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
This predicate is used to identify a particular
source of energy used in a particular event. (#$energySource
EVENT ENERGYSOURCE) means that ENERGYSOURCE provides (some
of) the energy used in EVENT. ENERGYSOURCE might be a
battery, the sun, a person, etc.
guid: bd58ea4e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$IndividualLevelPredicate
#$BinaryRolePredicate #$AsymmetricBinaryPredicate
direct specialization of:
#$temporallyIntersects
#$CombustionProcess fires
(energy conversion processes)
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each #$CombustionProcess
is an event in which rapid oxidation is taking place. These
always have heat as an output and often involve emission of
light as well (typically, flames). The #$objectActedOn
in a #$CombustionProcess
is at least partly consumed. See also #$Flammability.
guid: bd58c04e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$DefaultDisjointScriptType
#$TemporalStuffType
direct specialization of:
#$EnergyConversionProcess #$DecompositionProcess
#$Explosion eruptions
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
A collection of events. Each instance of #$Explosion is
an event that involve an extremely violent, chaotic release
of energy. It is not exactly controlled, even in the best
circumstances, though it may be contained and channelled to
do useful work (such as within the cylinders of a car
engine, or such as when a hole is blasted for a backyard
swimming pool.)
guid: be00f76e-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of:
#$TemporalObjectType
direct specialization of:
#$EnergyConversionProcess #$DecompositionProcess
Other Relevant Constants
#$commitsForFutureUses thing
permanently committed
**COMMENT NOT REVIEWED**
**GAFs NOT REVIEWED**
(#$commitsForFutureUses
EVENT OBJECT) means that as a result of EVENT, OBJECT is
subsequently put into a configuration and/or a form where it
is serving some ongoing #$Role. Things which are
re-usable in their typical uses: a videocassette, a battery,
a brick, an artist's canvas, a canvas tent. Non-reusable
things: paint, glue, mortar. See also #$inputsCommitted,
#$recyclableActors. Consider a brick in a wall in a
building. It is `committed for future use' in the role of
part-of-a-wall in the event of that building existing. While
the building is standing, it can't be part-of-a-wall in
another building, though it could serve other roles such as
an artistic accent, or to anchor a coat-hook. After the
building is torn down, that brick might still be intact, and
could be used as part-of-a-wall in a future building. Notice
that the brick isn't necessarily transformed by being part
of a wall. However, so long as OBJECT serves the use to
which it is `assigned' by EVENT, OBJECT is unavailable to be
assigned the same #$Role
by another event of the same type, at least an event that
would temporally intersect with this committed use of
OBJECT. That is what is meant by it being `committed' for a
particular future use. An object may be re-used in a similar
event, ONLY IF the #$Role to which it was
assigned in EVENT either comes to its natural end or is
given up (or thwarted), or in cases where EVENT is composed
of discontinous pieces of time --- to illustrate that latter
case, consider a tent that's used to shelter a certain group
of workers on weekdays, but is used to shelter a different
group in a different location on weekends.
guid: bd5907f0-9c29-11b1-9dad-c379636f7270
direct instance of: #$ActorUseTypeSlot
direct specialization of:
#$preActors
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